It is not infrequent to observe the reeurrence of the Bakers cyst. Recurrence of the cystic lesions are more frequent in wide based type than in pedicle type due to difficult ,identification and inadequate eradication of the cyst wall. We injected methylene blue into the cyst after aspiration of the fluid. Blue stained wall enables the surgeons to idendify the whole inner surface of the cyst, and lessens the chance of missing a portion of it. We could reduce the recurrence rate near to zero percent after adopting this technique upto now. Broad based type is more prone to recurr and the whole recurred five cases were belong to this type.
Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Knee ; Methylene Blue ; Popliteal Cyst ; Recurrence ; Surgeons

In traumatic knee dislocation, vascular injury is one of the most serious complication. After pertinent management of acute vascular problems, we should take care of the ligamentous injury involving both the ACL and PCL which are the main causes of knee instability, and consequent traumatic degenerative changes. No standard technique of reconstruction has been reported concerning these ligamentous injuries up to now as far as we know. Authors tried a new management which reconstruction was done simultaneously on both the ACL and PCL injuries. Bone-Achilles tendon autograft was used as PCL substitute in all the cases, and which turned out to be a very efficient one for the control of anterior-posterior displasement as well as rotary instability. Bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft or bone-Achilles tendon autograft was good for the reconstruction of the ACL bone-patellar tendon-bone in two cases, bone-Achilles tendon in two cases, and semitendinosus tendon also in two cases. After 6 months of operation, all the patient returned to the previous level of walking without crutches. This management showed outstanding results in terms of knee stability and subjective symptoms.
Achilles Tendon ; Autografts ; Crutches ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Knee Dislocation ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Tendons ; Vascular System Injuries ; Walking

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Autografts* ; Tendons* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Conization* ; Female ; Pregnancy*

Hypospadias can be repaired in the majority cases in 1-stage with a high success rate. We reviewed clinical experience of 50 patients who underwent primary hypospadias repair by 1 surgeon using 1-stage repairs except 3 cases in a 30-month period. The results were 1). The half of patients were younger than 5 years (48%). 2). A total of 34 cases (68.0%) had an associated ventral curvature. The dorsal tunica albuginea plication to correct intrinsic curvature was done in 21 cases (61.8%) and dividing the urethral plate in only 3 cases (8.8%). 3). Associated anomalies were cryptorchidism in 7, hydrocele in 3 and severe penoscrotal transposition in 8 cases. 4). 19 cases of anterior hypospadias were repaired by meatoplasty using Heineke-Mikulicz tissue rearrangement (9 cases), MAGPI (3 cases), pyramid procedure (4 cases), Mathieu urethroplasty (2 cases) and onlay island flap (1 case). Of the 31 cases of middle and posterior hypospadias onlay island flap repair was performed in 24 cases (77.4%). 5). The success rates in anterior, middle and posterior hypospadias were 94.7, 64.7 and 42.9%, respectively. The overall success rate was 70%. 6). The most commonly used procedure was onlay island flap urethroplasty. Only 14 of 25 cases (56.0%) were successful with this method but the last 8 cases were repaired with no complications. 7). The most common complications were urethrocutaneous fistula (11 cases) and meatal retraction (3 cases). The complications were managed by rotational advancement flap (11 cases), meatal based flap (2 cases) and urethral advancement (1 case) and the success rate was 73.3%. In conclusion, to achieve more satisfactory results the choice of operation depends on the configuration of either glans or meatus, presence or absence of chordee and status of ventral penile skin in anterior hypospadias. Although the 2-stage repair remains a safe and reliable alternatives for severe hypospadias 1-stage repair was more useful except severe hypospadias combined with penoscrotal transposition."
Cryptorchidism ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hypospadias* ; Inlays ; Male ; Skin

BACKGROUND: It is a popular notion that cutaneous ageing includes two distinct phenomenon; true ageing, a universal presumably inevitable change attributable to the passage of time alone, and photoageing, changes attributable to chronic habitual sun exposure that are neither universal nor inevitable. Numerous investigations with experimental animals, in vitro skin models have been conducted, although, few histological studies to date have attempted to announce fundamental morphological changes with innate ageing. OBJECTIVE: We compared skin derived from the breast of old and young persons using light microscopy to discern structural changes in epidermal and dermal morphology with advancing age. METHODS: The histological, immunohistochemical studies were performed with normal skin sections of thirty donors who were diagnosed with breast cancer. They were classified into three age cohort groups; nine into group I (22 to 38), twelve into group II(40 to 52), and nine into group III(54 to 87). We chose the breast as an area that might closely resemble intrinsically aged skin. This region is relatively shielded from photoageing by its anatomical location. Analysis of data was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA test for dermal parameters based on a 5-point rating scale, and a simple regression test for a positive rate of immunoreactants. Results : 1. Light microscopic appearance of aged skin revealed a more flattened epidermis than young skin. There was no trend for an increase in epidermal melanin content per unit area on Fontana-Masson staining. There was an age-associated decrease in the Ki-67 positive rate(p<0.001), the density of Ki-67 positive cells declined approximately 1.16% per decade in photoprotected skin(p<0.001). The number of S-100 positive cells declined approximately 4.4/mm width along the dermo-epidermal juction per decade in photoprotected skin(p<0.001). The expression of differentiation markers(keratin 1, involucrin, filaggrin, loricrin) were not different among the three age cohort groups. 2. With advancing age, there was an attenuation in the number and diameter of elastic fibers in the papillary dermis and an increase in the number and straightness of the same fibers in the reticular dermis. The collagen fibers are arranged in sparse bundles in disarray, and/or aggregates of loosely woven, straight fibers in the aged skin. There was an apparent, age-related decrease in the stainability of ground substances in the papillary dermis on colloidal iron staining. Conclusions : Our data documents semi-quantitative differences among three groups in intrinsically aged breast skin and provide the framework for future research to evaluate the ageing process.
Animals ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cohort Studies ; Collagen ; Colloids ; Dermis ; Elastic Tissue ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Iron ; Melanins ; Microscopy ; Skin* ; Solar System ; Tissue Donors

Neurilemmoma is a relatively rare, which was first described by Stout in 1935. Neurilemmoma is a neoplasm arising from Schwann cells. It is usually solitary and may be benign or malignant, solid or cystic, encapsulated or diffuse. We report one case of retroperitoneal neurilemmoma with review of literature.
Neurilemmoma* ; Schwann Cells

No abstract available.
Bone Density* ; Female ; Lactation* ; Postpartum Period*

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Living Donors* ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Combination of ticlopidine and aspirin has been accepted as a standard antiplatelet regimen after coronary stenting because it reduced the rate of cardiac events and hemorrhagic-vascular compli-cations compared with intensive anticoagulation. Ticlopidine use, however, may accompany serious side effects such as neutropenia or liver dysfunction. Cilostazol, a c-AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is a novel antiplatelet agent which is known to have less side effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the efficacy and safety of ci lostazol plus aspirin (CA) with ticlopidine plus asprin (TA) after elective coronary stenting. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either CA or TA two days before stenting. The primary end point was a composite of angiographic stent thrombosis, death, myocardial infarction (Q or Non-Q), repeat intervention or bypass su rgery at 30 days. The secondary end points were hemorrhagic-vascular complications, or drug side effects such as neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or any side effects requiring cessation of drugs at 30 days. RESULTS: After randomization of 300 patients equally to each group, 4 patients were excluded from the analysis: 1 failure of stenting, 3 follow-up loss. The primary end point was reached in 2 patients (1.4% ) in CA group and 3 patients (2.0% ) in TA group (p=1.0). The rate of hemorrhagic-vascular complications was not different between the gr oups (1.4% vs 2.0%, p=1.0). The incidence of significant drug-related side effects was not statistically different between CA group and TA group (0.7% vs 2.7%, p=0.37). However, serious side effect such as neutropenia was seen only in TA group. CONCLUSION: Compared with TA, CA has comparable effect for the prevention of stent thrombosis and major cardiac events with similar rate of hemorrhagic-complications and drug-related side effects after elective coronary-artery stenting. Thus CA regimen can be a safe alternative to TA in elective implantation of coronary artery stent.
Aspirin ; Coronary Vessels ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Diseases ; Myocardial Infarction ; Neutropenia ; Random Allocation ; Stents ; Thrombocytopenia ; Thrombosis ; Ticlopidine*