No abstract available.
Foot*

No abstract available.
Facial Bones*

An aneurysm occurs in association with trauma, atherosclerosis, infection and congenital diseases. Among these, the traumatic arterial aneurysms developed from blunt trauma, crushing injury, perforation, and lacerations of vessels. Generally, most traumatic arterial aneurysms are false type, so called pseudoaneurysm. A pseudoaneurysm occurs by incomplete laceration of the vessel wall or partial division of the vessel. The vascular injury will make hematoma and fibrosis of neighboring tissues. After two to eight weeks post-trauma, the organized hematoma is liquefied and the fibrous tissue acts as an aneurysmal sac. We have experienced a case of dorsalis pedis artery pseudoaneurysm associated with arterial cannulation. So, we report a case of traumatic pseudoaneurysm with a review of literature.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False* ; Arteries* ; Atherosclerosis ; Catheterization ; Fibrosis ; Hematoma ; Lacerations ; Vascular System Injuries

No abstract available.
Humans ; Surgery, Plastic*

In this experiment, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 100mg/kg of alltrans retinoic acid at 10th day of gestation. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at gestation day 14, 15, 16 and 18. Fetuses were delivered, and palatal processes were dissected. The specimens were prepared with fibronectin immunohistochemical stain, and mesenchymal changes were observed with electron microscope. The results were as follows. 1. In the findings fo fibronectin immunohistochemial stain, a part of the mesenchyme of the palatine process of the control group showed weak positive reaction at 14th gestation day, and the reactivity increased progressively by each day. In retinoic acid treated group, the positive reaction was trace at 14th day of gestation, and the reactivity increased progressively, but it was weaker than that of the control group. 2. Examination under transmission electron microscopy revealed well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, Goigi apparatus, mitochondrias which were found at the palatine process of the control group. In the retinoic acid treated group, at 16th and 18th day of gestation, the mesenchymal cells of the elevated palatine process had fragmented, sacculated rough endoplasmic reticulums, their mitochondrias were swollen and dissolved, In all cases with retinoic acid treated group, mitotic cells at various stages were more frequently found than in control group. In conclusion, the retinoic acid induces alterations of the intracytoplasmic organells. This finding suggests that retinoic acid is ditectly cytotoxic to mesenchymal cells. Positive fibronectin reaction was demonstrated before palatal elevation at th 15th day of gestation. Therefore, it could be postulated that mesenchymal cells synthesize and release the fibronectin. In the retinoic acid treated group, fibronectin showed positive reaction before and after palatal elevation, and it suggests that fibronectin would be involved in palatal elevation.
Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Fetus ; Fibronectins ; Mesoderm* ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mitochondria ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tretinoin*

Endoscopy is increasingly performed with the patient under conscious sedation in many countries. The majority of patients can be adequately and safely sedated during routine upper endoscopy and colonoscopy with a combination of a benzodiazepine and opioid. Midazolam is a water-soluble benzodiazepine that is characterized by a rapid onset of action and a shorter duration compared with that of the other drugs of the same class. The major side effect of midazolam is respiratory depression, which can be reversed by flumazenil, a benzodiazepine-specific antagonist. Propofol is a lipid-soluble agent that has the advantages of a more rapid onset of action and a shorter recovery time compared to that of midazolam. However, it should be used with caution since it can lead to hypotension and respiratory depression. Propofol can be safely and effectively administered by nonanesthesiology physicians and nurses provided that they have received adequate training. Two models have been proposed for the administration of propofol by endoscopists: nurse-administered propofol sedation (NAPS) and combination propofol (propofol plus other agents) sedation. In order to modify the pharmacological disadvantages of propofol, fospropofol sodium, a water-soluble prodrug of propofol, has recently been developed. In addition, new delivery systems have been devised: patient-controlled sedation and computer-assisted personalized sedation, in which the computer continuously monitors the patient's condition and adjusts the dose of propofol accordingly. Endoscopists must have a thorough understanding of the medications used for endoscopic sedation and they must acquire the skills necessary for the treatment of cardiopulmonary complications. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a practice guideline pertaining to endoscopic sedation and also training programs for physicians and nurses in Korea.
Benzodiazepines ; Colonoscopy ; Conscious Sedation ; Endoscopy ; Flumazenil ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Korea ; Midazolam ; Propofol ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Sodium

Many methods have been developed for the reduction of the isolated zygomatic arch fracture. Even though the reduction of isolated zygomatic arch fracture can be made well according to the various methods, the Gillies' method has been selected as the 1st choice. But long term follow-up study of this method was not reported. So long term follow up of zygomatic arch fracture was performed in 35 patients who were treated by Gillies' method. Authors divided isolated zygomatic arch fractures into three classes (Type A : a simple fracture with one fracture line and one greenstick fracture, TyPe B : medially depressed fracture with three fracture lines, Type C : a medially depressed fracture segment with two fracture lines) and followed up the reduced isolated zygomatic arch fracture cases using Gillies' method by radiographes and interview. The depression of lesion site was estimated by comparing with tracing the zygomatic arch shadow of normal side. The results were as follows: 1. The mean follow up time was 33.4 month. 2. The isolated zygomatic fractures were classified by three group. A: a simple fracture (16 cases) B: the central fracture point was a medially depressed fracture (14 cases) C: fracture with a medially depressed segment (5 cases) 3. The mean depression of lesion site was 2.3 mm. (Type A: 2.0 mm, Type B: 3.2 mm, Type C: 2.4 mm and difference between A and B was significant statistically (p < 0.037)). 4. The mean depression of zygomatic arch fracture was 2.1 mm in excellent group, 2.4 mm in good group and 5.2 mm in poor group and difference between excellent and poor, and between good and poor group were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). 5. On result of subjective satisfaction, number of excellent case was 17(48.6%), it of good case was 15(42.9%) and it of poor case was 3(8.6%) (Type A: 9, 7, 0, Type B: 5, 7, 2 and Type C: 3, 1, 1 excellent, good and poor in sequence). 6. The mean depression of overcorrection group(17, 8, 1 excellent good and poor in sequence) and nonovercorrection group(2, 5 and 2 in excellent, good and poor in sequence) was 2.26 and 3.6 mm in each other(p < 0.004). After reviewing all of results, it is concluded that Gillies' method is acceptable as the 1st choice for the reduction method of an isolated zygomatic arch.
Depression ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Zygoma* ; Zygomatic Fractures

Many methods have been developed for the reduction of the isolated zygomatic arch fracture. Even though the reduction of isolated zygomatic arch fracture can be made well according to the various methods, the Gillies' method has been selected as the 1st choice. But long term follow-up study of this method was not reported. So long term follow up of zygomatic arch fracture was performed in 35 patients who were treated by Gillies' method. Authors divided isolated zygomatic arch fractures into three classes (Type A : a simple fracture with one fracture line and one greenstick fracture, TyPe B : medially depressed fracture with three fracture lines, Type C : a medially depressed fracture segment with two fracture lines) and followed up the reduced isolated zygomatic arch fracture cases using Gillies' method by radiographes and interview. The depression of lesion site was estimated by comparing with tracing the zygomatic arch shadow of normal side. The results were as follows: 1. The mean follow up time was 33.4 month. 2. The isolated zygomatic fractures were classified by three group. A: a simple fracture (16 cases) B: the central fracture point was a medially depressed fracture (14 cases) C: fracture with a medially depressed segment (5 cases) 3. The mean depression of lesion site was 2.3 mm. (Type A: 2.0 mm, Type B: 3.2 mm, Type C: 2.4 mm and difference between A and B was significant statistically (p < 0.037)). 4. The mean depression of zygomatic arch fracture was 2.1 mm in excellent group, 2.4 mm in good group and 5.2 mm in poor group and difference between excellent and poor, and between good and poor group were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). 5. On result of subjective satisfaction, number of excellent case was 17(48.6%), it of good case was 15(42.9%) and it of poor case was 3(8.6%) (Type A: 9, 7, 0, Type B: 5, 7, 2 and Type C: 3, 1, 1 excellent, good and poor in sequence). 6. The mean depression of overcorrection group(17, 8, 1 excellent good and poor in sequence) and nonovercorrection group(2, 5 and 2 in excellent, good and poor in sequence) was 2.26 and 3.6 mm in each other(p < 0.004). After reviewing all of results, it is concluded that Gillies' method is acceptable as the 1st choice for the reduction method of an isolated zygomatic arch.
Depression ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Zygoma* ; Zygomatic Fractures

A nasolabial fold is one of the most typical process on an aged face. Face lifting, one of the frequent methods of correcting nasolabial folds, involves innate burdens as it is a form of surgery and involves many difficulties related to the surgical procedure in improving the nasolabial fold. Therefore, soft tissue augmentation is increasingly being performed on nasolabial folds. We achieved a good outcome and a high level of patient satisfaction after correcting a nasolabial fold using Surederm(TM), AlloDerm(R), and a autologous fat strip. From October 2002 to December 2010, a total of 19 patients have inserted Surederm(TM), AlloDerm(R) and a autologous fat strip in nasolabial fold using our special instrument. Sex, age, patient's satisfaction, and side effects were examined and the outcome was assessed by two plastic surgeons, excluding these authors, in a blind manner by comparing the nasolabial fold in the pre- and post- treatment pictures. Of the 19 patients, 1 was male and 18 were female. Their mean age was 45 years(range: 21~61 years). They showed a relatively high level of satisfaction with the outcomes. In one patient, although the Surederm(TM) was removed due to infection, the patient's deep nasolabial fold was corrected even after the Surederm(TM) removal. The two plastic surgeons judged that the nasolabial folds of the 19 patients improved considerably. Our procedure is more invasive than filler or fat injection. But with this procedure, augmentation effect can be lasting longer. So, the outcome was satisfactory.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nasolabial Fold ; Patient Satisfaction ; Rhytidoplasty

No abstract available.
Muscle, Skeletal* ; Tibial Nerve*