Female urethral injury are very uncommon and encountered during traffic accident, trauma, instrumentation, operation and delivery. Treatment modalities are determined by the level of urethral injury. The result was better in the cases of rapid operative treatment than delayed one. In this report the clinical findings, patterns of injury and surgical managementof 4 cases were reviewed.
Accidents, Traffic ; Female* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Carnitine* ; Humans* ; Platelet Activating Factor* ; Spermatozoa*

No abstract available.
Fires*

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injury may produce a syndrome consisting of spontaneous pain, allodynia and hyperpathia. Cholinesterase inhibitors are known to have an antinociceptive effect in hot plate and tail flick tests and to be mediated by spinal muscarinic system. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of intrathecally (i.t.) administered edrophonium and neostigmine on the touch-evoked allodynia and to identify the antagonism of antiallodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were prepared with tight ligation of left L5/L6 spinal nerves with 6~0 black silk and chronic lumbar intrathecal catheters. After obtaining the baseline hindpaw withdrawal scores, edrophonium (3~100ug) or neostigmine (0.3~10ug) was administered intrathecally. Tactile allodynia was measured using von Frey filaments and allodynic threshold was calculated by updown method. Motor dysfunction was assessed by observing righting/stepping reflex responses and abnormal weight bearing. To examine the reversal of antiallod ynia, muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (10ug) or nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine (10ug) was injected intrathecally 5 min. prior to injection of edrophonium or neostigmine. RESULTS: I.t. edrophonium and i.t. neostigmine produced a dose dependent antagonism of allodynic state but had moderate to severe effect on motor weakness at doses of 3 and 10 g of neostigmine. Pretreatment with i.t. atropine yielded a complete antagonism of antiallodynia in both drugs, but i.t. mecamylamine did not significantly reverse incresed allodynic threshold. CONCLUSIONS: These experiments suggest that i.t. edrophonium or i.t. neostigmine produces a dose dependent antagonism on touch-evoked allodynia at the spinal level and this antagonism is likely due to spinal muscarinic system.
Atropine ; Catheters ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Edrophonium* ; Hyperalgesia ; Ligation ; Mecamylamine ; Models, Animal ; Neostigmine* ; Neuralgia* ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; Reflex ; Silk ; Spinal Nerves ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Conization* ; Female ; Pregnancy*

Calciphylaxsis is a rare and life-threatening condition of progressive cutaneous necrosis secondary to calcification of small and medium-sized blood vessels. It is seen almost exclusively in patients with end-stage renal disease, in a setting of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia resulting in metastatic vascular calcification, We experienced a case of calciphylaxsis manifested with chara- cteristic cutaneous lesions that began as tender violaceous livedoid discolorations and subsequent ulceration on the proximal aspect of the extremities and on the lower part of the abdomen. Histologically, calcification is found in small and medium-sized blood vessels in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The patient had been treated for hypercalcemia, not complicating renal failure, but the cause of hypercalcemia was not found. However, the hypercalcemia was contolled and the skin lesions also improved after oral prednisolone therapy. Our case is a rare presentation of calciphylaxsis in the absence of renal failure, reversibly improved.
Abdomen ; Blood Vessels ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Necrosis ; Prednisolone ; Renal Insufficiency ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Ulcer ; Vascular Calcification

No abstract available.
Animals ; Female ; Hysterectomy* ; Ovariectomy* ; Rats* ; Spine* ; Tibia*

This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of 5% PABA cream using mouse ear swelling reaction(ESR). Mice were exposed to 100mJ/cm of UVB, five times a week for four weeks, on the both ventral aspect of the ear, with application of 5% PABA cream on the right ear. The results were as follows : 1. The intensity of ear swelling reaction of 5% PABA protected group was reduced greater than unproteeted group after the first 3 days of UUR. 2. The intensity of ear swelling reached at peak after 1 week of the ultraviolet radiation. Thereafter it has decreased gradually the following 4 weeks. The difference of ear swelling between the two groups was the greatest after 1 week, and the sunscreening efficacy of 5% PABA cream has remained persisted for 4 weeks. 3. The number of mice which have shown severe inflarnmatory response after ultravioiet radiation was more in unprotected group than that in 5% PABA protected group. 4. Determination of mouse ESR is considered a good method for the evaluation of longterm efficacy of sunscreen preparation.
4-Aminobenzoic Acid ; Animals ; Ear* ; Mice*

No abstract available.

Blood samples were collected from 140 institutionalized children aged 0~9 at Goyang gun. Kyunggi Do, Korea. The venous blood was taken and isolated serum was used for Haemagglutination(HA) test.1. Out of 140 samples, the positive rate of HA titer was 35.7 per cent. No significant differences was recognized by sex gropus. 2. When subdivided into the 0~4 and 5~9 years age groups, the positive rate obtained 30.4 per cent and 34.1 per cent respectively, which was no significant difference. 3. The positive rate of HA titirs in various diseases was 31.0 percent in total, being 50 per cent in mental retardation cases, 100 percent in delayed speech and hearing loss.
Child ; Child, Institutionalized* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Toxoplasma*