Since MacLean's observation of the possibility of imipramine hydrochloride usefulness in 1960, it has been widely used in the therapy of childhood enuresis. The authors observed 25 cases receiving imipramine therapy and urethral dilatation for primary nocturnal enuresis. Of the 25 patients, 18 boys and 7 girls 4 to 18 years old, in this study, 8 received urethral dilatation because of lower urinary tract stricture. 2 of 8 were no more bed-wetting during sleep. But the other 6were persistent enuretic. 23 cases, 17 without urinary tract disorder and the above 6, were taken imipramine hydrochloride 50mg or 75rag according to the body weight of patients for 28 days one hour before bedtime. During the therapy with imipramine, the effect was excellent in 11 cases, fair in 10 and no effect in 2. After the cessation of the drug, follow-up observation was done at least 1 month. The response was as followed; Complete response in 4 cases, good response in 10, transient response in 7 and no response in 2. Over-all results of complete and good response to the enuretic children through both the administration of imipramine and instrumental dilatation of urethral stricture were 16 case(64%), transient response in 7 cases(28%) and no effect in 2 cases(8%).
Adolescent ; Body Weight ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Enuresis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Imipramine* ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Tract

Renal angiography is a highly valuable diagnostic procedure for the detection and exact evaluation of various renal disease, especially differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. During the period of January 1978 to December 1983, 39patients who had been taken renal angiography were analysed and following results were obtained. 1. Male to female ratio of performing renal angiography was approximately 1:1 and peak incidence was fifth decade. 2. Indication of renal angiography was renal mass, abnormal I.V.P. and R.G.P., renal bleeding, kidney donor, hypertension, in order of its frequency. 3. The most frequent diagnosis encountered was renal cell carcinoma (15 cases), diagnostic accuracy of renal angiography was 93.3%. 4. Arterial embolization of renal cell carcinoma was tried in 2 cases preoperatively, and it was found that this was a valuable method in reducing blood loss, in performing operation.
Angiography* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Male ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.
Adult ; Humans

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an atypical form of severe renal parenchymal infection, characterized by yellow lobulated masses macroscopically and massive inflammatory cell, foamy histiocyte microscopically. Preoperative diagnosis confused with hypernephroma, pyonephrosis with stone, other renal inflammatory disease. We report two cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, diagnosed by microscopical finding and literature has been reviewed briefly.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diagnosis ; Histiocytes ; Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous* ; Pyonephrosis

Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; Malocclusion

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is an uncommon bone tumor, defined as a tumor in which two components -a low-grade chondrosarcoma and a high-grade non-cartilaginous sarcoma-coexist with abrupt interface. We report a rare case of giant-cell rich dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma occurred in the right distal femur shaft of a 60 year-old female. The plain X-ray film showed an irregular radiolucent mass. The T2-weighted MRI revealed a heterogeneous high signal intensity. It was an irregular mass composed of bluish-white, translucent chondroid elements and yellowish solid components with extraosseous invasion. Microscopically, a low-grade chondrosarcoma and a giant-cell rich spindle cell sarcoma with areas resembling giant cell tumor were recognized with abrupt transition. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a S100 protein positivity in chondroid cells and a few spindle cells. CD68 was strongly positive in giant cells. Vimentin was positive in both components and smooth muscle actin was positive in some spindle cells. There was no cytokeratin, desmin and myogenin immunopositivity. It is important to be aware of this rare variant of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma to avoid the misdiagnosis of more common bone tumors including giant cell tumors.
Actins ; Chondrosarcoma* ; Desmin ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Femur ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myogenin ; Sarcoma ; Vimentin ; X-Ray Film

Megameatus intact prepuce (MIP) is an unusual variant of hypospadias and comprised 3 percent of all hypospadias. Embryologically, maldevelopment of glandular epithelial infolding would appear to be the abnormal process responsible for MIP formation. We have performed the pyramid procedures in 3 patients seen with the MIP variant during 14 months and achieved good results. The pyramid procedure optimizes a safe and simple dissection of the megameatus-urethra, and allows for subsequent reduction and caliber of both with excellent functional and cosmetic results.
Female ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; Male

OBJECTIVE: In order to facilitate total removal with preservation of the facial nerve, the authors applied presigmoid(PS) approach in some patients with recurrent acoustic neurinoma(AN) patients who had undergone previous retrosigmoid(RS) approaches. The surgical outcomes of PS approach were retrospectively analyzed and compared to those of RS approaches and we suggest the indication of PS approach for recurrent AN. METHODS: From 1989 to 1999, twenty-one of 183 operated AN patients underwent re-operation due to regrowth of the residual tumors. Nine of the 21 recurrent tumors were removed by PS approach and 12 cases underwent RS approach. The surgical extent of removal and the facial nerve preservation rate were compared between the two different approaches. RESULTS: In PS approaches, the total removal was achieved in four patients(44%) and the facial nerve could be identified and preserved anatomically in all patients. Among 12 cases who underwent RS approaches, the rate of total removal was 44% and the facial nerve identified and preserved in only 5 cases (42%). The rate of facial nerve preservation was significantly different between two modes of approaches (p=0.0007). CONCLUSION: PS transpetrosal approach is recommended in recurrent AN patients who had underwent RS approach previously and already lost the hearing. Early identification of the facial nerve and easy removal of the tumors can be achieved using the PS approach.
Acoustics* ; Facial Nerve ; Hearing ; Humans ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Neuroma, Acoustic* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Unlike wired endoscopy, capsule endoscopy requires additional time for a clinical specialist to review the operation and examine the lesions. To reduce the tedious review time and increase the accuracy of medical examinations, various approaches have been reported based on artificial intelligence for computer-aided diagnosis. Recently, deep learning–based approaches have been applied to many possible areas, showing greatly improved performance, especially for image-based recognition and classification. By reviewing recent deep learning–based approaches for clinical applications, we present the current status and future direction of artificial intelligence for capsule endoscopy.
Artificial Intelligence* ; Capsule Endoscopy* ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Specialization

Pheochromocytoma may cause anatomic and functional cardiac abnormalities. Various echocardiographic abnormalities have been observed, including systolic anterior movement, global hypokinesis as well as hypokinesis of the base and the apex of LV. There are no previous reports of serial echocardiographic finding in patients with pheochromocytoma. We experienced a 38-year-old woman with pheochromocytoma who suffered from acute myocardial injury. Echocardiography revealed that the acute myocardial injury started in the base in the early phase and subsequently extended to the mid-portion of left ventricule. The injury persisted longer in the base than the mid-portion. than 1.5 times the adjacent normal coronary artery.
Adult ; Coronary Vessels ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Pheochromocytoma