No abstract available.
Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Meconium* ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Radiation has been used in t,he medical field of dragnosis and treatment. There is widely used ionizing radiat:ion such as naturally occuring r-rays or machine-made X-ray. This radiation is able to induce the structural and functional alterations of the mammalian cells. But we have few detailed reports on the effects of radiation on epidermal cells and their immune functions. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the effect of radiation on cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes were irradiated with 2,6, l0Gy from a Co saurce and stimulated by 100 U/ml of ekratinocyte immediately after irradiation. We investigated cell numbers and morphological changes, DNA synthesis and HLA-DR antigen expression. RESULTS: After exposure to r-ray, the proliferation of keratinocytes and melanocytes decreased in a time and dose dependent fashion to each control group. Tliey showed decreased density, a larger size and a round appearance after radiation exposure and an especially shortened and decreased number of dendrites in the melanocytes. In DNA synthesis counted using [H]-thymidine incorporation, the keratinocvtes decreased values in a dose depen(lent manner at 24 and 72 hours after irradiation but no differense was observed at 168 hours. In melanocytes, there was a greater decrease than that of keratinocytes. The melanin content/cell in all radiation exposed groups increased in a time and dose dependent fashion t,o each contr ol group. HLA-DR antigen expression on keratinocytes after radiat,ion exposure decreased to the control group, but there were no significant differences acccirding to the dose of radiation, And there were no significant diifferences of HLA-DR antigen expression on the melanocytes betweer. controls and the radiation exposed groups. CONCLUSION: Antiproliferative activity was dependent on the exposure time and dose of r-ray exposure. According to the time after radiation exposure, melanogenic activity was stimulated. The expression of HLA-DR, antigen decreased in keratinocyte after radiation exposure but there was no decrease in melanocytes.
Cell Count ; Dendrites ; DNA ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Humans* ; Keratinocytes* ; Melanins ; Melanocytes*

BACKGROUND: Radiation has been used in t,he medical field of dragnosis and treatment. There is widely used ionizing radiat:ion such as naturally occuring r-rays or machine-made X-ray. This radiation is able to induce the structural and functional alterations of the mammalian cells. But we have few detailed reports on the effects of radiation on epidermal cells and their immune functions. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the effect of radiation on cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes were irradiated with 2,6, l0Gy from a Co saurce and stimulated by 100 U/ml of ekratinocyte immediately after irradiation. We investigated cell numbers and morphological changes, DNA synthesis and HLA-DR antigen expression. RESULTS: After exposure to r-ray, the proliferation of keratinocytes and melanocytes decreased in a time and dose dependent fashion to each control group. Tliey showed decreased density, a larger size and a round appearance after radiation exposure and an especially shortened and decreased number of dendrites in the melanocytes. In DNA synthesis counted using [H]-thymidine incorporation, the keratinocvtes decreased values in a dose depen(lent manner at 24 and 72 hours after irradiation but no differense was observed at 168 hours. In melanocytes, there was a greater decrease than that of keratinocytes. The melanin content/cell in all radiation exposed groups increased in a time and dose dependent fashion t,o each contr ol group. HLA-DR antigen expression on keratinocytes after radiat,ion exposure decreased to the control group, but there were no significant differences acccirding to the dose of radiation, And there were no significant diifferences of HLA-DR antigen expression on the melanocytes betweer. controls and the radiation exposed groups. CONCLUSION: Antiproliferative activity was dependent on the exposure time and dose of r-ray exposure. According to the time after radiation exposure, melanogenic activity was stimulated. The expression of HLA-DR, antigen decreased in keratinocyte after radiation exposure but there was no decrease in melanocytes.
Cell Count ; Dendrites ; DNA ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Humans* ; Keratinocytes* ; Melanins ; Melanocytes*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate early CT and MRI findings of cerebral sparganosis, to correlate the imaging findings with histopathologic findings, and to determine capability of CT and MRI to differentiate live worm from the dead. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After scolices of three to four spargana, which were obtained from naturally infected snakes, were introduced into cerebral hemispheres of 21 mongrel cats, sequential brain CT and MRI were performed at the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th week, and the imaging findings were analyzed and compared with the histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Spargana were found in 16 sites of 10 cat brains(48%);they were located in basal ganglia(5 cases), periventricular white matter and centrum semiovale(4 cases), subdural(2 cases) or subarachnoid spaces(1 case), and lateral ventricle(2 cases). The larvae were also observed in the contralateral hemisphere(3 cases). The lesions without larvae(presumably tracts) were found in 22 sites of 14 cat brains(67%) ;they were located in periventricular white matter and centrum semiovale(11 cases), basal ganglia(5 cases), midbrain(3 cases) and frontal 10be(2 cases). The lesions without larvae were also found in the contralateral hemi- sphere (7 cases). On CT, the lesions with larvae showed high density in 75%(9/12) and were enhanced in 38%(3/8) as a nodular pattern. On MRI they showed iso-(7/11) or low signal intensity(4/11) on Tl-weighted images, mainly isosignal intensity on proton density- weighted images, and variable signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Contrast enhancement of variable shapes was seen in 50%(4/8). The lesions without larvae showed iso-(14/22) or low density(6/22) on CT and were rarely enhanced(2/17). On MRI they mostly showed isosignal intensity on both T1-weighted and proton density- weighted images, and variable signal intensity on T2- weighted images. They were enhanced in 29%(5/17) on contrast-enhanced MRI. Dilatation of ipsilateral ventricle was found in 43% (9/21) ;it was seen as early as the second week in 5 cats. On histopathologic examinations, there was only mild degree of inflammation and edema around both the larvae and the lesions without larvae in most cases. Granulation tissues, small calcifications, and small morrhages were observed nearby the larvae in six, one and two cases, respectively. At the lesions without larvae, small calcifications and hemorrhages were found in three and nine cases, respectively. It was not possible to determine the viability of the larvae by using CT or MRI findings and even by histopathologic findings. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the spargana actively move within brain tissue in early stage, cause mild degree of inflammation and edema around the larvae and the tracts, but presumably produce early degeneration of cerebral white matter, resulting in dilatation of ipsilateral ventricle. Additionally, CT may differ. entiate the lesions with worms from tracts(the lesions without worms), but viability of the larvae can not be determined by either CT or MRI.
Animals ; Brain ; Cats ; Cerebrum ; Diagnosis* ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Granulation Tissue ; Hemorrhage ; Inflammation ; Larva ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Protons ; Snakes ; Sparganosis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cutting efficiency of coarse grit diamond burs with air-turbine handpiece on natural tooth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four groups of coarse grit diamond bur were selected: Komet (A), Shofu (B), Premier (C), and Mani (D). The extracted maxillary central incisors were used, and ten cuts were made on each specimen, using the rotary diamond burs. The surface of each bur was measured at the upper, middle, and bottom of the bur with confocal laser scanning microscope and imaged with SEM. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and t-test at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The surface roughness was measured. At the A diamond bur, the Sa values were 52.93 microm, 48.32 microm, 46.79 microm, 45.06 microm, and 43.43 microm for control, test 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The Sa values were 50.68 microm, 45.62 microm, 44.41 microm, 44.10 microm, and 42.46 microm for B diamond bur, 58.02 microm, 55.53 microm, 52.22 microm, 48.26 microm, and 45.36 microm for C diamond bur, and 50.11 microm, 46.73 microm, 45.46 microm, 42.58 microm, and 41.80 microm for D diamond bur. Surface roughness after each bur use showed significant changes, but no significant difference was found in surface roughness change between bur systems. CONCLUSIONS: Surface roughness in the same bur system showed significant differences after each tooth preparation. However no statistically significant differences were found in surface roughness between bur systems. The SEM images between control and test 4 showed the abraded particles.
Diamond ; Humans ; Incisor ; Tooth ; Tooth Preparation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a dental image processing system using a three-dimensional (3D) camera and stereovision technology. The reliability of the system for measuring axial wall convergence angles was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The new system predicted 3D coordinate points from 2D images and calculated distances and angles between points. Two examiners measured axial wall convergence angles for seven artificial abutments using a traditional tracing-based method (TBM) and the stereovision-based method (SVBM). Five wax abutment models of simplified abutment forms were made and axial wall convergence angles of wax models were measured by both methods. The data were statistically analyzed at the level of significance, 0.05. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients showed excellent intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliabilities for both methods. Bland-Altman plots and paired t-tests showed significant differences between measurements and true values using TBM; differences were not significant with SVBM. CONCLUSION: This study found that the SVBM reflected true angle values more accurately than a TMB and illustrated an example of 3D computer science applied to clinical dentistry.
Dentistry

PURPOSE: To determine the uroflow rates of normal Korean pediatric male, uroflowmetry was peformed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of the 237 normal children who ranged in age from 2 to 14 years(mean: 7.2+/-2.1years)was available for this study. Uroflow 1 data(peak and average flow) were plotted in volume-related nomograms in 3 different age groups : 2 to 4, 5 to7 and 8 to 14 years old. RESULTS: The mean peak flow(10.3+/-3.7, 12.2+/-4.9 and 14.3+/-5.2m1/sec) and average flow(6.4+/-2.6, 7.1)3.0 and 8.3+/-3.4m1/sec) were increased significantly with increasing age(p<0.05). In a same voided volume the peak and average flow rates were not increased significantly with increasing age but, in a same age group they were significantly increased according to the volume voided (p<0.05). Peak and average flow rates in the circumcision group(13.7+/-6.7, 8.3+/-4.7m1/sec) was not significantly different from non-circumcision group(10.9+/-5.0, 16.1+/-3.0ml/sec). CONCLUSIONS: These uroflow rate nomograms will be useful for the assessment of voiding action related to the voided volume and age in Korean pediatric males.
Adolescent ; Child ; Circumcision, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male* ; Nomograms*

PURPOSE: In recent years, the authors experienced a distinctive clinical entity of multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations in infants. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of this entity, examine th possible pathogenesis and the effective treatment. METHODS: Seven infants underwent abdominal exploration under suspicion of surgical abdomen and were noted to have multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations without evidence of necrotizing enterocolitis by the members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The clinical courses, operative findings, bacterial cultures, pathologic findings, treatment and prognosis of these seven cases were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The characteristics of this entity are as follows : The initial presenting symptoms were all different. Despite conservative treatment with a broad spectrum of antibiotics, diarrhea and abdominal distention developed and progressively grew worse. At laparotomy, all patients exhibited numerous typical transverse linear ulcerative lesions with pin-point perforations scattered mainly in the small bowel. Histologic evaluations of the resected specimens revealed mucosal ulcerations with neutrophil infiltration, submucosal microabscesses and colonies of gram-positive cocci. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was the predominant organism cultured from the body fluid. Only two cases, the completely-resected one and the one immediately treated with vancomycin after operation, survived. CONCLUSION: We think this distinct clinical entity exhibiting multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations is caused by MRSA occurring in infants. It has a high mortality because it is verydifficult to diagnosis in young infants before laparotomy. Vancomycin is highly effective in treating MRSA, so we think the early diagnosis of this entity can make the treatment successful.
Abdomen ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Body Fluids ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Early Diagnosis ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intestinal Perforation ; Laparotomy ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Mortality ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus ; Ulcer* ; Vancomycin

PURPOSE: In recent years, the authors experienced a distinctive clinical entity of multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations in infants. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of this entity, examine th possible pathogenesis and the effective treatment. METHODS: Seven infants underwent abdominal exploration under suspicion of surgical abdomen and were noted to have multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations without evidence of necrotizing enterocolitis by the members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The clinical courses, operative findings, bacterial cultures, pathologic findings, treatment and prognosis of these seven cases were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The characteristics of this entity are as follows : The initial presenting symptoms were all different. Despite conservative treatment with a broad spectrum of antibiotics, diarrhea and abdominal distention developed and progressively grew worse. At laparotomy, all patients exhibited numerous typical transverse linear ulcerative lesions with pin-point perforations scattered mainly in the small bowel. Histologic evaluations of the resected specimens revealed mucosal ulcerations with neutrophil infiltration, submucosal microabscesses and colonies of gram-positive cocci. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was the predominant organism cultured from the body fluid. Only two cases, the completely-resected one and the one immediately treated with vancomycin after operation, survived. CONCLUSION: We think this distinct clinical entity exhibiting multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations is caused by MRSA occurring in infants. It has a high mortality because it is verydifficult to diagnosis in young infants before laparotomy. Vancomycin is highly effective in treating MRSA, so we think the early diagnosis of this entity can make the treatment successful.
Abdomen ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Body Fluids ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Early Diagnosis ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intestinal Perforation ; Laparotomy ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Mortality ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus ; Ulcer* ; Vancomycin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the marginal fit of three-unit bridges produced using LAVA CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) system and conventional PFG in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: #11, 13 resin teeth were prepared on dentiform, then duplicated. Twenty resin models were fabricated, ten for PFG 3-unit bridges and ten for LAVA 3-unit bridges. Each bridge was cemented on the resin model. Marginal discrepancy was measured with stereoscopic microscope (Nikon DS-Fi 1, Nikon, Japan) at a magnification of x75. Independent t-test was done for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean marginal discrepancy values and standard deviations of the PFG bridges was 97.1 +/- 18.7 microm for incisors, 76.6 +/- 21.8 microm for canines; that of the LAVA bridges was 90.4 +/- 26.7 microm for incisor, 110.2 +/- 30.2 microm for canines. The mean marginal discrepancy between PFG and LAVA for incisor did not show significant difference (P>.05). But for canine, the mean marginal discrepancy of PFG bridges was smaller than that of LAVA bridges (P<.05). CONCLUSION: The LAVA CAD/CAM 3-unit bridges and the PFG 3-unit bridges showed clinically acceptable marginal discrepancy.
Incisor ; Tooth