No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

No abstract available.

Transverse testicular ectopia is an uncommon anatomical abnormality in which both gonads migrate toward the same hemiscrotum. A case report, review of the embryology, differential diagnosis and suggested management are detailed witha brief review of literature.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Embryology ; Gonads

BACKGROUND: An outbreak of measles was reported again in 2000 nationwide. For that reason, research was done to evaluate the necessity of relevant re-vaccination and efficacy of primary vaccination of MMR when measles was prevalent, by way of comparative study for serological test results of the patients hospitalized at SAMSUN HOSPITAL in Busan in 2000. METHODS: From Jan to Dec 2000, we reviewed 108 cases with medical history confirmed as measles by clinical and serological examination and checked whether inoculation of primary vaccination of MMR was done or not and the date of vaccination through telephone survey, separated. The study subjects were into two groups, vaccinated, and unvaccinated, and antibody of measles were checked according to sex, season, and age. RESULTS: It was observed that a great number of people caught measles in May-June comprising 56 case (58.3%) among 108 cases analyzed and the wide range of an attack of measles was under two years of age with 37 cases (34.3%) under one year of age and 33 cases (30.6%) between 1-2 year old. CONCLUSION: According to the results of serum diagnosis of the measles case study, vaccination for measles is needed at the age of 6 month to one year because all those under one year of age who had not received a vaccine contacted the disease. The importance of booster was raised for those above 3 years old because those who had prior vaccination against measles contacted the disease.
Busan ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Measles* ; Seasons ; Serologic Tests ; Telephone ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: There are some controversial opinions on the prognostic value of metastasis- associated tumor markers in breast cancer. Out of them, the overexpression of c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene or CD44 gene has been debated on their activities in promoting metastatic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To detennine the relationship between expression of these genes, and, clinicopathological parameters and disease outcomes including relapse and survival, 48 archival paraffin-embeded breast-cancer tissues were stained using monoclonal antibody against each gene product by immunohistochemical staining method, and the result was analyzed. RESULTS: The positive expression rates of c-erbB-2 and CD44 genes were 45.8% and 18.8%, respectively. The expression rates of both genes were 14.6% and 50% of cases showed no expression of either gene. Except the statistically significant positive correlation between CD44 and tumor size (P=0.003), the expression of c-erbB-2 or CD44 expression had no significant relationship with tumor size, stage, lymph node status, and disease recurrence (P>0.05). In the positive expression cases for CD44, disesase-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in months were shorter than the negative ones (53+/- 8 vs. 64+/-5 and 67+/-8 vs. 77+/-5 S.E.). And, the c-erbB-2 positive cases had longer OS than the negative ones (78+/- 6 vs. 71+/- 6). The OS of positive co-expression cases with the c-erbB-2 and CD44 was shorter than that of one-gene expression ones (66+/- 6 vs. 75+/-7). Thus the OS result observed in the expression of c-erbB-2 alone was reversed in the co-expression study. Though these results had no statistically significant level (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: We suggest a question if there is any interaction or dependency between c-erbB-2 and CD44 expression in view of disease process including OS. Finally, further randomised controlled studies are advisable for the reproducible and significant results.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Lymph Nodes ; Recurrence ; Biomarkers, Tumor

No abstract available.
Humans ; Survival Rate*

Osmidrosis is a symptom of foul odor at the axillae due to bacterial decomposition in apocrine sweat gland. It usually developed at puberty or adolescence and cause ruined clothing and negative social life. Complete removal of sweat gland from axillae is an essential of treatment. Various methods of surgical treatment were applied for osmidrosis axillae but nobody can easily obtain perfect result and escape from many surgical complications such as bleeding, skin necrosis, scar contraction and recurrence 4).Recently author tried new non-surgical method for removal of sweat gland with excellent results, and introduce it with literature.
Adolescent ; Axilla* ; Cicatrix ; Clothing ; Electrocoagulation* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Odors ; Puberty ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Sweat Glands ; Sweat* ; United Nations

No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Atrial*

OBJECTIVE: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is the least invasive surgical option for patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, the indications and long term outcomes of GKRS are still controversial. Additionally, a series with uniform long-term follow-up data for all patients has been lacking. In the present study, the authors analyzed long-term outcomes in a series of patients with TN who underwent a single GKRS treatment followed by a minimum follow-up of 60 months. METHODS: From 1994 to 2009, 40 consecutive patients with typical, intractable TN received GKRS. Among these, 22 patients were followed for >60 months. The mean maximum radiation dose was 77.1 Gy (65.2-83.6 Gy), and the 4 mm collimator was used to target the radiation to the root entry zone. RESULTS: The mean age was 61.5 years (25-84 years). The mean follow-up period was 92.2 months (60-144 months). According to the pain intensity scale in the last follow-up, 6 cases were grades I-II (pain-free with or without medication; 27.3%) and 7 cases were grade IV-V (<50% pain relief with medication or no pain relief; 31.8%). There was 1 case (facial dysesthesia) with post-operative complications (4.54%). CONCLUSION: The long-term results of GKRS for TN are not as satisfactory as those of microvascular decompression and other conventional modalities, but GKRS is a safe, effective and minimally invasive technique which might be considered a first-line therapy for a limited group of patients for whom a more invasive kind of treatment is unsuitable.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Microvascular Decompression Surgery ; Radiosurgery ; Trigeminal Neuralgia