No abstract available.
Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Foreign Bodies* ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Granuloma ; Lasers, Gas* ; Lip*

PURPOSE: To introduce a novel adjuvant technique to locate cyclodialysis cleft using a laser pointer in a gonioscopic view. CASE SUMMARY: A 36-year-old man complaining of blurred vision in his left eye after blunt trauma 2 weeks prior was referred to our hospital. Gonioscopy showed a cyclodialysis cleft from 3 to 4 o'clock and fundus revealed hypotonic maculopathy. After the failure of medical treatment, we tried various interventions such as injection of viscoelastic agent into the anterior chamber and intravitreal gas tamponade with transconjunctival cryotherapy. Since those were not successful, we decided to treat the patient with direct cyclopexy. For the preoperative localization of the cleft, we tried a new technique that uses a laser pointer. On gonioscopic examination, an assistant shot the laser toward the limbal area where the suspicious cleft was located. We were able to precisely locate the cyclodialysis cleft if the laser pointer light was seen through the cleft in the gonioscopic view. With the aid of a laser a pointer, the cleft was successfully closed. CONCLUSIONS: Localization with a laser pointer is simple, safe, rapid, and helpful for planning surgical repair of a cyclodialysis cleft without expensive equipment.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Cryotherapy ; Gonioscopy ; Humans ; Methods*

Surgical treatments for arthritis in the first metatarsophalangeal joint include arthrodesis, interposition arthroplasty using silicone or meniscus cartilage, and rarely arthroplasty. Although arthrodesis was performed successfully, pain can persist if the angle of fusion was inappropriate. Interposition arthroplasty can be tried for the treatment of persisting pain after the arthrodesis. Interposition arthroplasty using tensor fascia lata is known that has low risk of adhesions and easy to harvest. Compared to autologous grafts, grafting rates is high and low risk of rejection additionally. Herein, we report a successfully managed arthritis with severe pain with interposition arthroplasty using tensor fascia lata after a failed metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis.
Arthritis ; Arthrodesis* ; Arthroplasty* ; Cartilage ; Fascia Lata* ; Fascia* ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint* ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Transplants

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the factors related with posttraumatic symptoms and to estimate the prevalence of posttraumatic disorder of urban male firefighters. METHODS: From a study sample comprising 260 male firefighters from one fire station, the responses from 146 who had experienced one or more traumatic events, responded to the 'Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version' (IES-R-K) and didn't show any evidence of depression were analyzed. We surveyed the firefighters using a self-administered questionnaire including general characteristics, job-related characteristics, IES-R-K, and a 'Firefighters and paramedics' incident stressor'. RESULTS: The mean value of IES-R-K in this study was 11.3 and it was higher in the married firefighters than in the unmarried firefighters (p=0.005) and in the 24-hr shift workers than in the ordinary day shift workers (p=0.032). The frequency of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of the firefighters in this study using IES-R-K was 13.7%, with a cutoff point of 24/25. The overall number of experiences of 25 traumatic events was larger in emergency medical personnel and rescue workers than in other work functions (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in firefighters was estimated to 13.7% using IES-RK and was higher than the prevalence of PTSD in the general population. A program to manage the mental health and provide early detection for mental illness for firefighters is needed.
Depression ; Emergencies ; Firefighters ; Fires ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Rescue Work ; Single Person ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) of some music college freshmen majoring in string instruments. METHODS: The study subjects were 199 freshmen majoring in strings at three colleges in Seoul and surrounds. The symptom prevalence and related factors of PRMDs were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. The Southampton Protocol was used to diagnose PRMDs. RESULTS: The freshmen had played for 9 years and 7 months on average. The symptom prevalence of PRMDs according to the modified-NIOSH surveillance criteria was 73.4%. The shoulder was the most prevalent symptom complaint site. The prevalence of PRMDs by the Southampton Protocol was 54.3% and myofascial pain syndrome was the most common. The instrument (violin or viola vs. cello or bass), regular breaks, self perceived evaluation of playing posture and regular computer use had a significant association with the symptom prevalence of PRMDs in univariate logistic regression analysis (p<0.05). The instrument, regular breaks and regular computer use were significant variables affecting the symptom prevalence of PRMDs in multivariate logistic regression analysis (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that music college freshmen playing strings are a high risk group for musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, the prevention of PRMDs requires the establishment of an ergonomic playing-environment, and the education of comfortable posture and stretching program such as musical warming up and physical stretching. It is especially important to form an effective treatment and rehabilitation system based on earlier diagnosis for musicians who are suffering from the PRMDs.
Diagnosis ; Education ; Logistic Models ; Music* ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; Posture ; Prevalence* ; Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Seoul ; Shoulder ; Viola

OBJECTIVE: To suggest rotation angles of fluoroscopy that can bypass the carotid sheath according to vertebral levels for cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI). METHODS: Patients who underwent cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from January 2009 to October 2017 were analyzed. In axial sections of cervical spine MRI, three angles to the vertical line (α, angle not to insult carotid sheath; β, angle for the conventional TFESI; γ, angle not to penetrate carotid artery) were measured. RESULTS: Alpha (α) angles tended to increase for upper cervical levels (53.3° in C6-7, 65.2° in C5-6, 75.3° in C4-5, 82.3° in C3-4). Beta (β) angles for conventional TFESI showed a constant value of 45° to 47° (47.5° in C6-7, 47.4° in C5-6, 45.7° in C4-5, 45.0° in C3-4). Gamma (γ) angles increased at higher cervical levels as did α angles (25.2° in C6-7, 33.6° in C5-6, 43.0° in C4-5, 56.2° in C3-4). CONCLUSION: The risk of causing injury by penetrating major vessels in the carotid sheath tends to increase at upper cervical levels. Therefore, prior to cervical TFESI, measuring the angle is necessary to avoid carotid vessels in the axial section of CT or MRI, thus contributing to a safer procedure.
Carotid Arteries ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Needles* ; Spine ; Vascular System Injuries

Background/Aims: Little is known about the association between infantile colic and the later onset of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: This study examined all 917 707 children who were born in Korea between 2007 and 2008. Infantile colic was defined with 1 or more diagnoses of ICD-10 code R10.4 or R68.1 at the age of 5 weeks to 4 months, and infants with a diagnosis of infantile colic and without were allocated into the infantile colic group and the control group. IBS was defined as 2 or more diagnoses of ICD-10 code K58.X after 4 years of age. Each child was traced until 2017. The risk of IBS with infantile colic was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model with propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Results: After IPTW, 363 528 and 359 842 children were allocated to the control group and the infantile colic group, respectively. The infantile colic group had a higher risk of developing IBS in childhood (hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.12 [1.10 to 1.13]) than the control group.Moreover, the subgroup analyses according to the feeding status, birth weight, sex, or economic status, showed that the risk of IBS with former infantile colic remained statistically significant. Conclusions Children with a diagnosis of infantile colic during the infant period had a significant risk of developing IBS after 4 years of age.Understanding the pathogenesis of infantile colic in the neonatal period may reduce the prevalence and severity of functional gastrointestinal disorders from childhood to adolescence to adulthood.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic values of the 7th and 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging systems for patients with resected perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC). Materials and Methods: A total of 348 patients who underwent major hepatectomy for PHCC between 2008 and 2015 were identified from a single center. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared across stage groups with the log-rank test. The concordance index was used to evaluate the prognostic predictability of the 8th AJCC staging system compared with that of the 7th. Results: In the 8th edition, the stratification of each group of T classification improved compared to that in the 7th, as the survival rate of T4 decreased (T2, 31.2%; T3, 13.9%; T4, 15.1%; T1- T2, p=0.260; T2-T3, p=0.001; T3-T4, p=0.996). Both editions showed significant survival differences between each N category, except between N1 and N2 (p=0.063) in 7th edition. Differences of point estimates between the 8th and 7th T and N classification and overall stages were +0.028, +0.006, and +0.039, respectively (T, p=0.005; N, p=0.115; overall stage, p=0.005). In multivariable analysis, posthepatectomy liver failure, T category, N category, distant metastasis, histologic differentiation, intraoperative transfusion, and resection margin status were associated with OS. Conclusion The prognostic predictability of 8th AJCC staging for PHCC improved slightly, with statistical significance, compared to the 7th edition, but its overall performance is still unsatisfactory.

PURPOSE: Recently, the prevalence and disease burden of asthma have increased. Thus, the need for early diagnosis and appropriate management of asthma is emerging. However, it is difficult to identify the diagnosis, symptoms and the prevalence of asthma due to lack of reliable investigating items. The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized survey format in order to assess the prevalence of asthma in Koreans. METHODS: We investigated surveys and related information that are utilized to assess asthma diagnosis and prevalence by systematic review. After that, Delphi survey was conducted on 44 Korean allergists in order to develop a standardized survey in Korea. The process consisted of 3 serial rounds across 3 age groups. Each subsequent round narrowed investigating items for the decision of standard set about asthma prevalence, current asthma, and asthma aggravation. RESULTS: Lifetime asthma was defined as “ever doctor-diagnosed asthma” in all age groups. Current asthma was defined as “treatment for asthma during the past 12 months” in all age groups, and “doctor-diagnosed asthma during the past 12 months” was added on the ≥5-year-old and adult groups. “Wheezing ever” was defined as “wheezing at any time in the past,” and current wheeze was defined as “wheezing in the last 12 months.” Asthma aggravation was defined as “visits at the emergency department or admission due to asthma attack within the last 12 months” in all age groups. CONCLUSION: We established applicable nationwide definitions of “lifetime asthma,” “current asthma,” and “asthma aggravation” in Koreans by the Delphi survey.
Adult ; Asthma ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Korea ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: Transduodenal ampullectomy (TDA) has been reported in a limited number of cases and in a small number of case series. The aim of this study was to analyze perioperative and long-term oncological outcomes of patients with ampullary tumors who underwent TDA in a single large-volume center. METHODS: Through a retrospective review of data from 2004 to 2016, we identified 26 patients who underwent TDA at Asan Medical Center. RESULTS: Eleven of 26 patients underwent TDA for T1 and carcinoma in situ (high-grade dysplasia) cancer; these patients are still alive without recurrence. A major in-hospital complication (3.8%) occurred in 1 case, but there was no case of 90-day mortality. In addition, none of the patients was diagnosed as having newly developed diabetes mellitus after TDA. No significant differences were found between open and laparoscopic-TDA in terms of operation time, painkiller use, and hospital stay. CONCLUSION: TDA is a feasible and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of selected patients with ampullary tumors. It is an alternative treatment option in cases of ampullary tumors not amenable to endoscopic papillectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Ampulla of Vater ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies