OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to 1) conduct a discrimination analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder using MMPI profile through artificial neural network analysis and logistic regression analysis, 2) to make a comparison between advantages and disadvantages of the two methods, and 3) to demonstrate the usefulness of artificial neural network analysis of psychiatric data. PROCEDURE: The MMPI profiles for 181 schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder patients were selected. Of these profiles, 50 were randomly placed in the learning group and the remaining 131 were placed in the validation group. The artificial neural network was trained using the profiles of the learning group and the 131 profiles of the validation group were analyzed. A logistic regression analysis was then conducted in a similar manner. The results of the two analyses were compared and contrasted using sensitivity, specificity, ROC curves, and kappa index. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis and artificial neural network analysis both exhibited satisfactory discriminating ability at Kappa index of greater than 0.4. The comparison of the two methods revealed artificial neural network analysis is superior to logistic regression analysis in its discriminating capacity, displaying higher values of Kappa index, specificity, and AUC(Area Under the Curve) of ROC curve than those of logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Artificial neural network analysis is a new tool whose frequency of use has been increasing for its superiority in nonlinear applications. However, it does possess insufficiencies such as difficulties in understanding the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Nevertheless, when used in conjunction with other analysis tools which supplement it, such as the logistic regression analysis, it may serve as a powerful tool for psychiatric data analysis.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Learning ; Logistic Models* ; MMPI* ; Mood Disorders ; ROC Curve ; Schizophrenia ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Statistics as Topic

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experience of clinical nurses regarding training programs for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their educational needs. Methods: Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis, and quantitative data were analyzed according to Borich's formula. Data for the study were collected in March 2021 from 16 nurses who had completed a nursing program for critically ill patients with COVID-19 and were working at three hospitals designated for COVID-19. Results: Participants' experiences were classified into three major categories, namely “Participation experiences and perceptions of the training program,” “Recommendations for improving the training program,” and “Perceptions of working in an infectious environment,” and 10 subcategories. According to Borich's formula, the most pressing educational needs in respiratory and non-respiratory nursing, respectively, were for “nursing care for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation” and “application of continuous renal replacement therapy and caring for patients.” Conclusion To prepare for the periodic emergence of communicable infectious diseases throughout the world and cultivate nursing staff to care for critically ill patients, it is necessary to develop nursing education programs with content corresponding to nurses' needs. This study can be used as base data for cultivating nursing staff for critically ill patients with communicable infectious diseases in keeping with clinical nurses’ educational needs and basic educational materials for nursing students.

Tumors are rare causes of calf pain and usually present insidiously. A 69-year-old woman developed sudden severe pain and a hard palpable mass in her left calf that persisted for 6 months without a history of trauma. Although a myofascial trigger point was initially suspected, subsequent ultrasonography revealed two well-defined heterogeneous masses in the calf muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multi-lobulated mass involving the soleus, tibialis posterior muscle, and deep peroneal neurovascular bundle, suggesting a soft tissue sarcoma. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed a heterogeneous hypermetabolic lesion in the left calf, suggesting malignancy. The patient received an incisional biopsy of her left calf lesion and was diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma. The patient underwent a wide excision with partial fibulectomy of the left calf and received chemotherapy for metastasis in the left upper lobe of the lung. Although rare, soft tissue sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis if calf pain and a palpable mass persist despite conservative management, and imaging studies are essential for distinguishing tumors from other causes of calf pain.

Olfactory receptors (ORs), which are primarily responsible for olfactory sensation in the nasal epithelium, constitute the largest family of genes in the human genome. The majority of ORs are orphan receptors with unknown ligands; however, recent studies have revealed their expression in non-olfactory tissues, implying that ORs may be involved in various physiological processes beyond olfaction. This review highlights recent findings on the roles of ORs in cancers, including prostate, breast, and lung cancer, as well as their involvement in other diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and viral infections. Additionally, we explore emerging knowledge about the role of ORs in metabolic regulation, focusing on their effect on triglyceride metabolism, glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion, and lipid accumulation. Advancements in technology, such as structural analysis, have accelerated research on OR ligands and their functions, potentially positioning ORs as novel therapeutic targets for various diseases. This review highlights the need for further research into the non-olfactory roles of ORs and their potential as targets for future therapeutic interventions.

Olfactory receptors (ORs), which are primarily responsible for olfactory sensation in the nasal epithelium, constitute the largest family of genes in the human genome. The majority of ORs are orphan receptors with unknown ligands; however, recent studies have revealed their expression in non-olfactory tissues, implying that ORs may be involved in various physiological processes beyond olfaction. This review highlights recent findings on the roles of ORs in cancers, including prostate, breast, and lung cancer, as well as their involvement in other diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and viral infections. Additionally, we explore emerging knowledge about the role of ORs in metabolic regulation, focusing on their effect on triglyceride metabolism, glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion, and lipid accumulation. Advancements in technology, such as structural analysis, have accelerated research on OR ligands and their functions, potentially positioning ORs as novel therapeutic targets for various diseases. This review highlights the need for further research into the non-olfactory roles of ORs and their potential as targets for future therapeutic interventions.

Olfactory receptors (ORs), which are primarily responsible for olfactory sensation in the nasal epithelium, constitute the largest family of genes in the human genome. The majority of ORs are orphan receptors with unknown ligands; however, recent studies have revealed their expression in non-olfactory tissues, implying that ORs may be involved in various physiological processes beyond olfaction. This review highlights recent findings on the roles of ORs in cancers, including prostate, breast, and lung cancer, as well as their involvement in other diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and viral infections. Additionally, we explore emerging knowledge about the role of ORs in metabolic regulation, focusing on their effect on triglyceride metabolism, glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion, and lipid accumulation. Advancements in technology, such as structural analysis, have accelerated research on OR ligands and their functions, potentially positioning ORs as novel therapeutic targets for various diseases. This review highlights the need for further research into the non-olfactory roles of ORs and their potential as targets for future therapeutic interventions.

Olfactory receptors (ORs), which are primarily responsible for olfactory sensation in the nasal epithelium, constitute the largest family of genes in the human genome. The majority of ORs are orphan receptors with unknown ligands; however, recent studies have revealed their expression in non-olfactory tissues, implying that ORs may be involved in various physiological processes beyond olfaction. This review highlights recent findings on the roles of ORs in cancers, including prostate, breast, and lung cancer, as well as their involvement in other diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and viral infections. Additionally, we explore emerging knowledge about the role of ORs in metabolic regulation, focusing on their effect on triglyceride metabolism, glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion, and lipid accumulation. Advancements in technology, such as structural analysis, have accelerated research on OR ligands and their functions, potentially positioning ORs as novel therapeutic targets for various diseases. This review highlights the need for further research into the non-olfactory roles of ORs and their potential as targets for future therapeutic interventions.

Olfactory receptors (ORs), which are primarily responsible for olfactory sensation in the nasal epithelium, constitute the largest family of genes in the human genome. The majority of ORs are orphan receptors with unknown ligands; however, recent studies have revealed their expression in non-olfactory tissues, implying that ORs may be involved in various physiological processes beyond olfaction. This review highlights recent findings on the roles of ORs in cancers, including prostate, breast, and lung cancer, as well as their involvement in other diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and viral infections. Additionally, we explore emerging knowledge about the role of ORs in metabolic regulation, focusing on their effect on triglyceride metabolism, glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion, and lipid accumulation. Advancements in technology, such as structural analysis, have accelerated research on OR ligands and their functions, potentially positioning ORs as novel therapeutic targets for various diseases. This review highlights the need for further research into the non-olfactory roles of ORs and their potential as targets for future therapeutic interventions.

OBJECTIVES: We developed a Korean version of the Brief Measure of Worry Severity(BMWS), and examined its reliability, validity, and factor structures. We also explored the associations of pathological worry with depression and anxiety. METHODS: Three hundreds fifty-two subjects including community population and college students completed the BMWS, and 27 subjects repeated the scale three weeks later. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's coefficient alpha and test-retest correlation. The external validity was examined by the correlation of the BMWS score with the scores of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Patient Health questionnaire-2(PHQ-2), State Anxiety Inventory(SAI), and Trait Anxiety Inventory(TAI). And principal component analysis was performed to evaluate the construct validity. The associations of pathological worry with depression and anxiety were explored using partial correlation analysis. RESULTS: Cronbach's coefficient alpha for the BMWS was 0.904 and test-retest correlation was 0.56(P<0.01). The Spearman correlation coefficients of the BMWS score with the scores of BDI, PHQ-2, SAI, and TAI were 0.60(P<0.01), 0.42(P<0.01), 0.36(P<0.01), and 0.59(P<0.01), respectively. The BMWS showed unifactorial construct. When controlling for TAI score, the correlation coefficient between the BMWS score and the BDI score was 0.357(P<0.01), and when controlling for BDI score the correlation coefficient between the BMWS score and the TAI score was 0.446(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the BMWS was found to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for measuring pathological worry. And we could identify the associations of the pathological worry with depression as well as anxiety.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Principal Component Analysis ; Questionnaires