Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing grit among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2023 involving 135 nursing students from a college in J City, South Korea. The survey included measures of positive psychological capital, mindset, and grit. At the same time, stress, as part of the general characteristics, was evaluated through the power values of high beta waves in brain waves. Statistical analyses included t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Positive correlations were found between positive psychological capital, mindset, and grit in nursing students. Volunteer experience and positive psychological capital were identified as significant factors influencing grit. Conclusion To enhance grit among nursing students, it is essential to encourage participation in volunteer activities at the societal, educational, and familial levels, in conjunction with interventions to strengthen positive psychological capital.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing grit among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2023 involving 135 nursing students from a college in J City, South Korea. The survey included measures of positive psychological capital, mindset, and grit. At the same time, stress, as part of the general characteristics, was evaluated through the power values of high beta waves in brain waves. Statistical analyses included t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Positive correlations were found between positive psychological capital, mindset, and grit in nursing students. Volunteer experience and positive psychological capital were identified as significant factors influencing grit. Conclusion To enhance grit among nursing students, it is essential to encourage participation in volunteer activities at the societal, educational, and familial levels, in conjunction with interventions to strengthen positive psychological capital.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing grit among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2023 involving 135 nursing students from a college in J City, South Korea. The survey included measures of positive psychological capital, mindset, and grit. At the same time, stress, as part of the general characteristics, was evaluated through the power values of high beta waves in brain waves. Statistical analyses included t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Positive correlations were found between positive psychological capital, mindset, and grit in nursing students. Volunteer experience and positive psychological capital were identified as significant factors influencing grit. Conclusion To enhance grit among nursing students, it is essential to encourage participation in volunteer activities at the societal, educational, and familial levels, in conjunction with interventions to strengthen positive psychological capital.

Purpose: This study aimed at identifying factors related to persistent postoperative pain after cardiac surgery and estimating their effect sizes. Methods: The literature search and selection was conducted in four different databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and PQDT) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Statement. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. For the meta-analysis, R was used to analyze 30 effect sizes of for both individual and operative factors as well as publication biases from a total of nine studies. Results: The meta-analysis revealed that persistent postoperative pain after cardiac surgery was related to one individual factor (gender) and two operative factors (acute postoperative pain and use of the internal mammary artery). Operative factors (OR=5.26) had a larger effect size than individual factors (OR=1.53). Conclusion Female gender, acute pain after surgery, and use of the internal mammary artery are related factors to persistent postoperative pain. The development of interventions focusing on modifiable related factors, such as acute postoperative pain, may help to minimize or prevent PPP after cardiac surgery.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing grit among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2023 involving 135 nursing students from a college in J City, South Korea. The survey included measures of positive psychological capital, mindset, and grit. At the same time, stress, as part of the general characteristics, was evaluated through the power values of high beta waves in brain waves. Statistical analyses included t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Positive correlations were found between positive psychological capital, mindset, and grit in nursing students. Volunteer experience and positive psychological capital were identified as significant factors influencing grit. Conclusion To enhance grit among nursing students, it is essential to encourage participation in volunteer activities at the societal, educational, and familial levels, in conjunction with interventions to strengthen positive psychological capital.

No abstract available.
Korea

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of drinking patterns and the prevalence of hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder with the assessment of alcohol policy needs in community population of urban city in Korea. METHODS: Data was collected from 1,000 residents in a single urban city in Korea, from June 1 to July 31, 2011 by a questionnaire. As research tools, socio-demographic characteristics composed of variables based on study purpose, alcohol problems and alcohol use disorder state scales composed with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test(AUDIT) and Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener(CAGE), and the assessment of alcohol policy needs in community population questions were used. RESULTS: The lifetime experience of alcohol drinking was 97.4%. For the frequency of drinking, 21.9% of population responded 2 to 4 times per weekly. 24.4% of male had one time or more high risk drinking, defined as having four or more drinks in a sitting, per week. 51.6% experienced the first time drinking of alcohol in adolescence. The lifetime prevalence of hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder were 14.9% and 3.3%, respectively using AUDIT. Alcohol use disorder were 9.6% with the CAGE scale. Problem drinking were 8.4% in this study. They requested the program such as prevention education(57.2%), construction of liaison system to treatment facilities( 50.1%), alcohol counseling and intervention(41.7%), and rehabilitation program(39.8%). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that alcohol problem and alcohol use disorder were much prevalent, and these problem started in the earlier age. It is necessary to develop an effective alcohol prevention program or policy with considering the needs in community population.
Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking ; Counseling ; Drinking ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: To elucidate longitudinal changes of complex body composition phenotypes and their association with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A total of 17,280 (mean age, 48.1±8.2 years) Korean adults who underwent medical check-ups were included. The mean follow-up duration was 5.5±0.5 years. Body compositions were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis. Four body composition phenotypes were defined using the median of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index and fat mass index: low muscle/low fat (LM/LF); high muscle (HM)/LF; LM/high fat (HF); and HM/HF groups. RESULTS: Of the individuals in the LM/LF or HM/HF groups, over 60% remained in the same group, and over 30% were moved to the LM/HF group. Most of the LM/HF group remained in this group. In the baseline HM/LF group, approximately 30% stayed in the group, and the remaining individuals transitioned to the three other groups in similar proportions. Incident diabetes was significantly lower in participants who remained in the HM/LF group than those who transitioned to the LM/LF or LM/HF group from the baseline HM/LF group in men. ASM index was significantly associated with a decreased risk for incident diabetes in men regardless of obesity status (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.71 per kg/m²; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.97 in non-obese) (adjusted OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.98 in obese) after adjusting for other strong risk factors (e.g., baseline glycosylated hemoglobin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). CONCLUSION: Maintenance of ASM may be protective against the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men, regardless of obesity status.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Body Composition ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Electric Impedance ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Phenotype ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical usefulness and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial thickness (ET) in women with endometrial hyperplasia or cancer (EH+). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 29,995 consecutive women who underwent transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) for an incidental finding of a thickened endometrium at the health screening and promotion center at Asan Medical Center between 2006 and 2010. Among 959 patients with endometrial abnormalities, 92 patients were included in this study. A total of 867 patients were excluded: 416 were lost to follow-up; 263 did not undergo endometrial biopsy; 155 had endometrial polyps; 17 had submucosal myomas; and 16 had insufficient tissue samples. Endometrial histology was the reference standard for calculating accuracy. RESULTS: Of the 92 patients, 78 (84.8%) had normal pathology, while 14 (15.2%) had endometrial pathology (EH+), including 5 patients (35.7%) with simple hyperplasia without atypia, 3 (21.4%) with complex hyperplasia, and 6 (42.9%) with endometrial carcinoma, all stage Ia. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.593–0.906). The cut-off value for ET was 8 mm, indicating that TVS ET had a fair accuracy in diagnosing carcinoma, had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 62.9–100.0%) and a specificity of 24.3% (95% CI, 15.2–36.3%). CONCLUSION: TVS is useful for detecting EH+, with a cut-off value for ET of 8 mm having a high sensitivity for detecting endometrial pathologies and the ability to identify women highly unlikely to have EH+, thereby avoiding more invasive endometrial biopsy.
Biopsy ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Incidental Findings ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Mass Screening ; Myoma ; Pathology ; Polyps ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Sarcopenia has emerged as an important risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although aging is the main cause of sarcopenia, the longitudinal association between age-related body composition changes and NAFLD development has not been fully investigated. Thus, we evaluated whether age-related increased fat mass or decreased muscle mass is an independent risk factor for incident NAFLD. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 4,398 initially NAFLD-free subjects who underwent routine health examinations during 2004 to 2005 and returned for a follow-up during 2014 to 2015. Their body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. RESULTS: At the 10-year follow-up, 591 out of 4,398 participants (13.4%) had developed NAFLD. In men and women, both increased fat mass and decreased appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) with aging were significantly associated with incident NAFLD after adjustment. A subgroup analysis according to the baseline obesity status showed that increased fat mass was significantly associated with incident NAFLD in obese and nonobese subjects. However, decreased ASM was significantly associated with incident NAFLD in nonobese but not in obese subjects. According to ΔASM tertiles (decrease of ASM), the odds ratios for incident NAFLD in nonobese subjects were 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.84) for the second tertile and 1.81 (95% CI, 1.34 to 2.45) for the third tertile after adjustment (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A progressive increase in fat mass and a loss of ASM with aging were significantly associated with incident NAFLD. This association was more prominent in nonobese subjects.
Aging ; Body Composition ; Cohort Studies* ; Electric Impedance ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease* ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies* ; Risk Factors* ; Sarcopenia ; Ultrasonography