This prospective observational case series study included 6 eyes of 6 consecutive glaucomatous patients. Each patient underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, and received a 1.25 mg of subconjunctival bevacizumab injection at completion of the trabeculectomy. Study eyes included two with neovascular glaucoma, three with uveitic glaucoma, and one with secondary glaucoma following vitrectomy. All eyes had undergone failed glaucoma laser/surgical treatment or an intraocular surgical procedure. Intraocular pressure (IOP) at the following postoperative visits: preoperative, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months, was measured. We also evaluated postoperative bleb findings and complications. IOP measured at each visit was 37.5+/-14.4 mmHg, 6.2+/-3.4 mmHg, 8.3+/-7.2 mmHg, 12.0+/-4.4 mmHg, 10.8+/-3.1 mmHg, and 12.2+/-3.3 mmHg, respectively, for each visit. All eyes had functioning blebs with normal IOP at postoperative 6 months with no additional IOP-lowering medication.
Adult ; Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*administration & dosage ; Conjunctiva ; Female ; Glaucoma/*drug therapy/etiology/*surgery ; Glaucoma, Neovascular/drug therapy/surgery ; Humans ; Injections, Intraocular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy/*methods ; Uveitis/complications ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Vitrectomy/adverse effects

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the lives of small independent restaurant owners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The participants were 15 small independent restaurant owners operating independent small restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected individually through in-depth interviews from September 30, 2022, to January 20, 2023. The transcribed interview content analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach. Results: Analysis of the psychological resistance experience of small independent restaurant owners with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in 6 themes, 15 sub-themes, and 40 codes. The core category is revealed as the struggle for survival under the blind spot of uncertainty and helplessness. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the casual condition was operational difficulties in restaurants affected by the impact of COVID-19, and the contextual condition was bewilderment due to unprecedented circumstances. The central phenomenon was a life shattered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervening condition was enduring adversity with hope. The action/interaction strategies to control the phenomenon revealed ongoing struggles in the face of the hardships. In consequence, fostering resilience amid grappling with feelings of helplessness was revealed. Conclusion This study lays the groundwork for designing successful COVID-19 rehabilitation programs. This study shows that the improved climate of the small restaurant industry plays an important role in alleviating the burden of small independent restaurant owners.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the lives of small independent restaurant owners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The participants were 15 small independent restaurant owners operating independent small restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected individually through in-depth interviews from September 30, 2022, to January 20, 2023. The transcribed interview content analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach. Results: Analysis of the psychological resistance experience of small independent restaurant owners with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in 6 themes, 15 sub-themes, and 40 codes. The core category is revealed as the struggle for survival under the blind spot of uncertainty and helplessness. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the casual condition was operational difficulties in restaurants affected by the impact of COVID-19, and the contextual condition was bewilderment due to unprecedented circumstances. The central phenomenon was a life shattered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervening condition was enduring adversity with hope. The action/interaction strategies to control the phenomenon revealed ongoing struggles in the face of the hardships. In consequence, fostering resilience amid grappling with feelings of helplessness was revealed. Conclusion This study lays the groundwork for designing successful COVID-19 rehabilitation programs. This study shows that the improved climate of the small restaurant industry plays an important role in alleviating the burden of small independent restaurant owners.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the lives of small independent restaurant owners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The participants were 15 small independent restaurant owners operating independent small restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected individually through in-depth interviews from September 30, 2022, to January 20, 2023. The transcribed interview content analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach. Results: Analysis of the psychological resistance experience of small independent restaurant owners with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in 6 themes, 15 sub-themes, and 40 codes. The core category is revealed as the struggle for survival under the blind spot of uncertainty and helplessness. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the casual condition was operational difficulties in restaurants affected by the impact of COVID-19, and the contextual condition was bewilderment due to unprecedented circumstances. The central phenomenon was a life shattered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervening condition was enduring adversity with hope. The action/interaction strategies to control the phenomenon revealed ongoing struggles in the face of the hardships. In consequence, fostering resilience amid grappling with feelings of helplessness was revealed. Conclusion This study lays the groundwork for designing successful COVID-19 rehabilitation programs. This study shows that the improved climate of the small restaurant industry plays an important role in alleviating the burden of small independent restaurant owners.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the lives of small independent restaurant owners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The participants were 15 small independent restaurant owners operating independent small restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected individually through in-depth interviews from September 30, 2022, to January 20, 2023. The transcribed interview content analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach. Results: Analysis of the psychological resistance experience of small independent restaurant owners with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in 6 themes, 15 sub-themes, and 40 codes. The core category is revealed as the struggle for survival under the blind spot of uncertainty and helplessness. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the casual condition was operational difficulties in restaurants affected by the impact of COVID-19, and the contextual condition was bewilderment due to unprecedented circumstances. The central phenomenon was a life shattered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervening condition was enduring adversity with hope. The action/interaction strategies to control the phenomenon revealed ongoing struggles in the face of the hardships. In consequence, fostering resilience amid grappling with feelings of helplessness was revealed. Conclusion This study lays the groundwork for designing successful COVID-19 rehabilitation programs. This study shows that the improved climate of the small restaurant industry plays an important role in alleviating the burden of small independent restaurant owners.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the lives of small independent restaurant owners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The participants were 15 small independent restaurant owners operating independent small restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected individually through in-depth interviews from September 30, 2022, to January 20, 2023. The transcribed interview content analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach. Results: Analysis of the psychological resistance experience of small independent restaurant owners with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in 6 themes, 15 sub-themes, and 40 codes. The core category is revealed as the struggle for survival under the blind spot of uncertainty and helplessness. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the casual condition was operational difficulties in restaurants affected by the impact of COVID-19, and the contextual condition was bewilderment due to unprecedented circumstances. The central phenomenon was a life shattered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervening condition was enduring adversity with hope. The action/interaction strategies to control the phenomenon revealed ongoing struggles in the face of the hardships. In consequence, fostering resilience amid grappling with feelings of helplessness was revealed. Conclusion This study lays the groundwork for designing successful COVID-19 rehabilitation programs. This study shows that the improved climate of the small restaurant industry plays an important role in alleviating the burden of small independent restaurant owners.

This study investigated how three Asian countries–Republic of Korea (ROK), Republic of China (Taiwan), and Singapore–considered as standouts, responded to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of governance system, health sector innovation, and social distancing to draw lessons that other countries can learn from. The countries were commonly in success of the response in early stage of the pandemic thanks to their effective and efficient strategies paired with advanced information and communications technology (ICT). Consequently, the three jurisdictions reported lower confirmed cases as well as fatality rate of the infectious disease compared to other high-income countries. In addition, the countries’ previous experiences with other pandemics, including influenza A, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome, enabled them to establish resilient public health systems and gain public acceptance to governmental control or surveillance during national infectious disease-related crises outbreaks. Advanced ICT infrastructure and digital technology were used as effective tools for testing, tracing, and treatment of the pandemic in collaboration with the private sector as a crucial player. The ROK, Taiwan, and Singapore adopted different strategies between containment and mitigation policy to flatten the epidemic curves effectively according to their own situation and judgement. Despite the exemplary aspect of the three nations in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, a few limitations were also observed in terms of vaccination and unequal consequences of the pandemic among people. These should be further discussed in order to be prepared for future pandemics.

PURPOSE: To report a case of optic neuropathy from vitamin B12 deficiency associated with chronic alcoholism and malnutrition. CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old man with a complaint of declining visual acuity in both eyes without pain was found to have a temporal optic disc pallor in the left eye. The patient had a history of chronic alcoholism and malnutrition for the previous 7 months. Visual field examination showed central scotoma in both eyes. The vitamin B12 level was undetectable by a blood biochemistry test. Blood dyscrasia such as anemia or thrombocytopenia was not found. The vitamin B12 level became normal after intramuscular cobalamin injections, and visual acuity and visual field tests recovered after 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Optic neuropathy from vitamin B12 deficiency can be solely present without other systemic manifestations in a patient with chronic alcoholism and malnutrition. Prompt diagnosis by thorough history taking and vitamin B12 supplementation can reverse the disease.
Alcoholism ; Anemia ; Biochemistry ; Eye ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Pallor ; Scotoma ; Thrombocytopenia ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency ; Vitamins

PURPOSE: To report two cases of trabeculectomy with biodegradable collagen material conducted on two post-vitrectomy patients. CASE SUMMARY: The first patient was a 43-year-old woman with uncontrolled increased intraocular pressure (IOP) after pars plana vitrectomy with scleral buckling for diabetic retinopathy and vitreous hemorrhage. Another patient, a 28-year-old woman with aphakia, also had uncontrolled increased IOP after pars plana vitrectomy with encircling scleral buckling for retinal detachment. For both of these patients, we performed trabeculectomy using mitomycin C and recently developed biodegradable collagen matrix. In the first case, the IOP was increased three months after the surgery, for which needling was done. After needling, the IOP was well controlled in the range of 16 to 19 mmHg up to eight months postoperatively with stilling anti-glaucomatous eyedrops (Cosopt(R), Xalatan(R)). In the second case, IOPwas increased one week after the surgery, but it was well controlled between 14 to 21 mmHg up to nine months postoperatively with anti-glaucomatous eye drops (Combigan(R)). CONCLUSIONS: Biodegradable collagen matrix can possibly reduce the surgical failure of trabeculectomy and it is especially suitable for high risk patients when combined with anti-metabolic agents like MMC.
Adult ; Aphakia ; Collagen ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Retinal Detachment ; Scleral Buckling ; Trabeculectomy ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: To compare the aberration change in the pseudophakia with three types of acrylic intraocular lenses (IOL) as well as with normal phakic eyes METHODS: This single-center prospective study comprised of 51 cataract patients who underwent cataract surgery and 12 phakic eyes. Fourteen eyes received an Acrysof(R) MA60BM, 18 eyes, a Sensar(R) AR40, and 19 eyes, an Corneal(R) ACR6D. One month after cataract surgery, the aberration of the eyes was measured using a Hartmann-Shack type aberrometer. The same test was performed for 12 normal phakic eyes. The individual Zernike polynomials, and the root mean square (RMS) values of the third and the fourth order aberration among the groups were compared. The total RMS value of each group was also compared. RESULTS: The RMS value of the third and the fourth order aberration was similar in each group. In addition, there was no significant difference in the total RMS value among the groups. An individual Zernike coefficient (Z3(3); triangular astigmatism with a base on the y axis) showed a significant difference in all the IOL implanted groups compared to the normal phakic eyes. CONCLUSIONS: An ocular higher-order aberration after these 3 acrylic IOL implantations in cataract surgery is similar to that of the normal phakic eyes, but can differ in the local aberration.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Prospective Studies ; Pseudophakia*