In some blepharochalasis patients, upper blepharoplasty alone is not satisfactory because of narrow distance between eyebrow and eyelash. On that occasion, eyebrow lift is advisable. There are many methods of classical eyebrow lift, such as direct excision, transblepharoplasty approach, anterior hairline technique, and so on. But they are not so effective, have a tendency to recur and also give rise to side effects; unacceptable scar, facial nerve palsy, sensory loss and hematoma, etc. Some patients who have prominent nasolabial folds, are reluctant to perform face lift procedure due to psychologic or economic burden. The authors performed the eyebrow lift procedure separately or simultaneously with face lift or forehead lift. After making 2 or 3 slit incisions, we passed absorbable suture material, 3-0 vicryl, through suborbicularis oculi fat layer. Then it was passed through subperiosteal plane and fixated to the temporalis fascia. When patients complain prominent nasolabial folds, malar fat pad was elevated also in the same manner. This methods is effective and has minimal complication such as facial nerve palsy, scar, sensory loss. Recurrent tendency was rarely observed during follow- up. Dimples were observed at slit incision sites but they disappeared within 2 or 3 weeks. Eyebrow lift and malar fat lift by absorbable suture elevation with subperiosteal dissection is a simple and less morbid. Because of its effectiveness and little side effect or complication, this procedure can be a useful method.
Adipose Tissue ; Blepharoplasty ; Cicatrix ; Eyebrows* ; Facial Nerve ; Fascia ; Forehead ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Nasolabial Fold ; Paralysis ; Polyglactin 910 ; Rhytidoplasty ; Sutures*

BACKGROUND: To prevent sudden unexpected movement of patients during surgery, muscle relaxants are used to maintain intense neuromuscular blockade.They are administered by intermittent bolus or continuous infusion.Rocuronium is often used for continuous infusion because it is known to lack cumulative effects. The purpose of this study was to compare recovery times from intense neuromuscular block to reappearance of muscle twitches after 0.1 Hz single twitch stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy five patients were randomized to one of 3 groups.Patients in group 1 were administered a single bolus of rocuronium; groups 2 and 3 were given continuous infusion of rocuronium for 1 and 2 h, respectively.During anesthesia, neuromuscular blockade was monitored by TOF-watch(R) and regulated so as not to exceed more than 5 (PTC) during the infusion. After infusion, PTC was counted every 5 min until single twitch heights had reappeared and the time till the twitch reappeared was calculated. RESULTS: There was a good correlation between the time it took to observe a PTC and the first response of TOF time in each group.In a parallelism test, there were no significant differences. There were also no significant differences in recovery times from PTC to the reappearance of a single twitch between groups. CONCLUSIONS: There are no significant differences in recovery times-from deep neuromuscular blockade to reappearance of single twitch-regardless of the infusion time.When a PTC occurs during deep neuromuscular blockade, it may predict the remaining time of reappearance of a single twitch response.
Androstanols ; Anesthesia ; Factor IX ; Humans ; Muscles ; Neuromuscular Blockade