The purpose of this study is provide a basic data for the prevention and management of musculoskeletal symptoms in Korea seamen. 569 seamen's questionnaire had been acquired at Korea Marine Training and Research Institute from February 24 to March 31 in 1997. The results of this study were as follows; Prevalence in musculoskeletal symptom within recent 12 months was 68.5%. It was 76.3% in seamen who had graduated from colleges or universities and 56.0% in seamen who had graduated from elementary school(p<0.01). The more working hours(p<0.01), services on the vessel(p<0.01), and the less job atisfaction(p<0.05), the higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms were. The distribution of musculoskeletal symptoms by the part of the body was turned out as Back ; 43.6%, knee ; 23.9%, shoulder ; 19.3%. The officers had more frequency of symptom around the neck than the ratings(p<0.01) and the seamen who work at the engine room were more frequent in elbow than those at deck department(p<0.05). In the duration of pain, 55.4% were less than one week, 20.6% less than 30 days, and 24.0% 30 days and more. the cause of symptom was turned out as 34.5% by excessive hard work and 30.1% was unknown. For the treatment of the musculoskeletal symptoms, 40.3% with symptomes did not have any medical treatment, 27.6% was self-treated and 22.7% was treated at hospital. This study shows that musculoskeletal disorders are seamen's important health problem and they can not properly take medical service due to the out of home for a long period as characteristics of occupation.
Academies and Institutes ; Elbow ; Knee ; Korea* ; Neck ; Occupations ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Shoulder

OBJECTIVE: The conceptual framework for the international classification for patient safety (ICPS) was released in January 2009. Since then, a Korean version of ICPS was developed. This paper describes the translation process and evaluates the validity of the Korean version. METHODS: Two research groups were involved in the development of the Korean version of ICPS. The draft of the Korean version was developed through intensive consultations with experts and extensive consensus building efforts. Subsequently, a modified Delphi method was used to develop the final version. Twenty-one experts, including professors in medicine and nursing, quality experts, and clinical experts, had been engaged in the process. A back translation was also done to evaluate the validity of the final Korean version. The level of agreement between the original version and the back translated version in terms of 48 key concepts was evaluated. The levels were classified as complete, partial, and no agreement. RESULTS: Thirty concepts (62.5%) agreed completely, 11 concepts (22.9%) agreed partially, and seven concepts (14.6%) had no agreement. Overall, the agreement between the original and the back translation was 85.4%. CONCLUSION: Because no standard classification currently exists for patient safety in Korea, this Korean version of ICPS can be used as a standard. However, the relevance and utility of this classification must be further evaluated through clinical field tests.
Consensus ; Humans ; Korea ; Patient Safety ; Referral and Consultation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an eye-health program based on social learning theory (EPST) of preschoolers and evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was utilized and 141 six-year-old preschoolers and their parents participated (experimental group=69, control group=72) in the study. The EPST in this study included eye-health education and eye exercises. Attention, memory, replay, motivation, reinforcement, and self-efficacy were used as interventional strategies. To examine the effectiveness of EPST, proficiency in eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 21.0 using the Shapiro-Wilk test, χ2-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: Following the intervention, eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that EPST is effective in improving eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity in preschoolers, and its wider implementation in educational institutions will promise improved eye-health among preschoolers.
Child, Preschool ; Community Health Nursing ; Education ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Exercise ; Health Education ; Humans ; Memory ; Motivation ; Parents ; Refractive Errors ; Social Learning* ; Visual Acuity

Recently patient safety has become overwhelming issue in Korean healthcare societies. Since ancient period, it has been essential principle of medicine. But the word of patient safety was recently emerged. It is more patient-centered concept than error, malpractice, and iatrogenesis, which are focused on healthcare providers. Main domains of healthcare quality are patient safety, effectiveness, timeliness, and patient-centeredness. Patient safety is not only the core of healthcare quality but also the principle of other qualities. It became standard of care, standard of accreditation, standard of medical device quality, and so on. It also works as driving forces of health industry, health information technology, and simulation-based medical education. Nowadays safe health technologies are most competitive in healthcare. The era of patient safety was just begun. Improving patient safety is a big challenge to us. Action plans at the level of whole Korean healthcare societies are urgently needed and innovative solutions should be sought.
Accreditation ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education, Medical ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Malpractice ; Medical Informatics ; Patient Safety ; Quality of Health Care ; Standard of Care

The aim of this study is to investigate visual exploration of children and adolescents during dental treatment by examining time ratio of eye opening in various age groups.
This study reviewed 5 - 15 year-old patients who visited the department of pediatric dentistry of Yonsei University Dental Hospital from March to October 2018. Restorative treatment or sealant application was done by one pediatric dentist. A trained observer used 2 stopwatches to measure total treatment time and time of open eye. Average ratios of eye opening were calculated and compared.
60 patients were investigated, with 15 patients in each age group. Average ratio of eye opening increased as age decreased (p < .001). The average of 13 - 15 year-olds was significantly shorter than that of children younger than 12 years (p < .005).
This study indicated that children have higher rates of eye opening during dental treatment than adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays 2-year 'Compulsory Clinical Training Program' is on issue. The perception and opinions for the new training system of residents and interns may be essential to establish ideal postgraduate medical education. METHODS: A questionnaire survey of postgraduate trainee from March to April 2008 was performed by person to person method. Gender, age, specialty, the location and the facility of the hospital, and 7 questions reflecting individual perception and opinions for the 'Compulsory Clinical Training Program' were reviewed. RESULTS: Among in 1,314, 1,284 subjects completed the survey fully. We divided 1,284 sujects into 4 groups; Intern; Resident of Family Medicine; Resident of Internal Medicine or Pediatrics; Resident of other than Family Medicine, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics. About the vision for independent clinical skills through the 'Compulsory Clinical Training Program', most were negative. They were afraid of 'prolongation of current Internship' or 'unclear quality of the training course'. In case of setting the 'Compulsory Clinical Training Program', most chose additional resident courses for specialty. The main opinion about the ideal model of a primary physician was medical doctors who obtained primary care specialty. CONCLUSION: Most of the residents and interns think that the specialists of family medicine, internal medicine or pediatrics are suitable for primary care. And on wishing the additional residency course even after 'Compulsory Clinical Training Program', they doubt about the efficacy of the new training system.
Clinical Competence ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Internship and Residency ; Pediatrics ; Primary Health Care ; Specialization ; Vision, Ocular ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Despite acceptance of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair for repair of inguinal hernia, it is still considered to require a prolonged learning curve. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the learning curve for laparoscopic TEP repair among beginner surgeons with or without a supervisor. The current study was conducted to observe the learning curve for laparoscopic TEP repair performed by a surgeon without a supervisor. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the consecutive 143 patients was conducted to document patients' demographics, hernia types, operative time, and operative outcomes after the operation. Patients were divided into 7 consecutive groups, each comprising 20 patients. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 52.5 years (+/- 18.9 SD), ranging from 16 to 89 years. The learning curve of this technique was almost horizontal throughout the time course. The mean operative time was quite stable among each group. Comparison of the mean operation time and the length of hospital stay among each group did not show significant differences. There was one recurrence in group V. CONCLUSION: The learning curve for laparoscopic TEP repair is not that prolonged if there is an experienced specialized supervisor and opportunities to observe the entire procedure performed by the supervisor are available. It is not the laparoscopic instrument skills but the way the procedure is performed that is important for successful outcomes.
Demography ; Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Learning Curve* ; Learning* ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

This study aimed to investigate parents’ and dentists’ perceptions of the national oral health screening for infants and children (OHS), and evaluate the dentists’ accuracy of analyzing the results of OHS. A questionnaire survey was conducted, face-to-face or online, for 90 parents of children who received OHS in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Yonsei University Dental Hospital and 100 dentists working at local clinic or university dental hospital from May to October 2021. Most parents and dentists were aware of the importance of OHS, and approximately 96.7% of parents were satisfied with OHS. The requirements of parents and dentists about OHS were different. The reasons for having difficulties in explaining parents after OHS and the opinions on appropriate period and number of OHS were disagreed between pediatric dentists and general dentists. Regardless of dentists’ major, work experience, elapsed period after taking online education program, the accuracy of the examination result was low. In this study, various opinions of parents and dentists on OHS were collected. Efforts should be made to enhance the oral health of infants and children by considering the requirements of parents and dentists and improving the accuracy of examination results.

This study aimed to investigate the frequency of dental visits after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and adolescents in comparison to that of adults. The data on the number of dental visits on the basis of different classification and treatment codes for all the age groups were provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from January 2017 to December 2020. To reduce the impact of the population change, dental visits per 1000 people was used. After the start of the pandemic, dental visits per 1000 people decreased in all age groups when analyzed for the diseases of pulp and periapical tissues classification code and dental visits per 1000 people decreased over 5 years age groups when analyzed for the pulp treatment code. Regarding the restorative treatment code, visits in the 0 - 19 years age group decreased after the pandemic. Based on the comparison of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases to that of monthly dental visits by treatment codes, the change rate of pulp and restorative treatments gradually decreased after the waves of the pandemic in February and August 2020 in Korea. Furthermore, dental visits per 1000 people for gingivitis and periodontal disease classification code increased after the pandemic in all age groups. The rate of decrease in dental visits per 1000 people for restorative treatments in children and adolescents was higher than that in adults. The rate of decrease in the number of dental visits for multi-visit pulp treatments showed a rapid decrease as compared to that of 1-visit pulp treatments after the pandemic. This study identified changes in the number of dental visits of children and adolescents after COVID-19 transmission in comparison to that observed in adults.

A pyramidal molar is which has completely fused roots with a solitary enlarged canal. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of pyramidal molars among adolescent.
A total of 1,612 patients’ panoramic radiographs were screened. A total of 12,896 first and second molars were evaluated. The relative incidence and the correlations regarding the location of pyramidal molar (maxillary versus mandibular) and gender were analyzed using the chi-square test.
The overall incidence of patients with pyramidal molars was 1.49%. 24 patients were found to have a pyramidal molar and it was more prevalent in women (18 women and 6 men). The prevalence of pyramidal molars from all first and second molars examined was 0.31%. 88 percent of pyramidal molars occurred in maxilla. All pyramidal molars were second molar.
Pyramidal molar has a relatively poor periodontal prognosis compared with common multi-rooted teeth and it is important to understand the structural characteristics of root canal during pulp treatment. Clinicians should be able to understand the anatomical properties of pyramidal molar and apply it to treatment and prognostic evaluation.