Dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Excessive energy intake impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and function, decreasing adenosine-5’-triphosphate production and negatively impacting metabolically active tissues such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Compromised mitochondrial function disturbs lipid metabolism and increases reactive oxygen species production in these tissues, contributing to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of bioactive food components, such as resveratrol, quercetin, coenzyme Q10, curcumin, and astaxanthin, by enhancing mitochondrial function. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of how these bioactive compounds ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic diseases.

Dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Excessive energy intake impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and function, decreasing adenosine-5’-triphosphate production and negatively impacting metabolically active tissues such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Compromised mitochondrial function disturbs lipid metabolism and increases reactive oxygen species production in these tissues, contributing to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of bioactive food components, such as resveratrol, quercetin, coenzyme Q10, curcumin, and astaxanthin, by enhancing mitochondrial function. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of how these bioactive compounds ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic diseases.

Dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Excessive energy intake impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and function, decreasing adenosine-5’-triphosphate production and negatively impacting metabolically active tissues such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Compromised mitochondrial function disturbs lipid metabolism and increases reactive oxygen species production in these tissues, contributing to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of bioactive food components, such as resveratrol, quercetin, coenzyme Q10, curcumin, and astaxanthin, by enhancing mitochondrial function. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of how these bioactive compounds ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic diseases.

Dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Excessive energy intake impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and function, decreasing adenosine-5’-triphosphate production and negatively impacting metabolically active tissues such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Compromised mitochondrial function disturbs lipid metabolism and increases reactive oxygen species production in these tissues, contributing to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of bioactive food components, such as resveratrol, quercetin, coenzyme Q10, curcumin, and astaxanthin, by enhancing mitochondrial function. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of how these bioactive compounds ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic diseases.

Adult-onset egg allergy is rare compared to child-onset egg allergy, and the component-resolved diagnosis test is effective in evaluating food allergy. We herein report a 24-year-old woman with late-onset egg-yolk allergy diagnosed as bird-egg syndrome. The prolonged exposure to pet parrots' dander or dropping through the respiratory system caused sensitization to the Gal d 5 component and resulted in a cross-reaction to egg yolk. Since the patient was suspected of the syndrome by her history, the skin prick test, ISAC ImmunoCAP, and serum ImmunoCAP test were performed. By confirming Gal d 5 component by ISAC ImmunoCAP, the patient was diagnosed with the syndrome. In patients with newly adult-onset food allergy, the clinician must identify the environmental conditions which can cause cross-sensitization and perform the causative component test.

Coronary artery involvement remains the most important complication with Kawasaki disease (KD). Additional myocardial injury can be caused by inflammatory response and ischemic event. However, the long-term outcome of myocardial function has not been fully known in KD. The purpose of this study is to evaluate myocardial function in school-aged children who had the past history of KD. Sixty-seven children in the second grade of elementary schools, who had the past history of KD, were included. Echocardiographic measurements of each coronary artery and myocardial function were obtained as the long-term follow-up data, and compared with the baseline data at the time of initial presentation of KD. The mean age of the subjects was 8.6 ± 2.4 years, and 4.3 ± 3.4 years have passed since the diagnosis of KD. Among the echocardiographic data, interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole (IVSd), LV internal diameters at end-systole (LVIDs), maximal velocity of late diastolic filling across mitral valve (mitral A) flow, maximal velocity of early diastolic filling across mitral valve (mitral E)/A ratio, mitral inflow E wave to peak early diastolic tissue velocity (E/E') ratio showed significant differences between the baseline and follow-up measurements. Coronary Z-score of left main artery (LMA), left anterior descending (LAD), and right coronary artery (RCA) showed no significant difference. The school-aged children with the past history of KD may have diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, appropriate assessment of myocardial function would be recommended during the follow-up period in children with KD.
Arteries ; Child* ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome*

Objectives: With the recent global mpox outbreak, the JYNNEOS vaccine (Modified VacciniaAnkara-Bavarian Nordic) was developed as a third-generation smallpox vaccine and initiallyfavored for mpox immunization. Vaccine-associated side effects contribute to vaccinehesitancy. Consequently, tracking adverse events post-immunization is crucial for safety management. This study used data from the national active vaccine safety surveillance conducted in Korea from August 25 to November 24, 2022 to detect potential safety signals and adverse events. Methods: Data on health conditions following vaccination were gathered from web-based surveys and reported via active surveillance through the Immunization Registry Information System. This follow-up system functioned via a text message link, surveying adverse events and health conditions beginning on the second day post-vaccination. Information aboutspecific adverse events, including both local and systemic reactions, was collected. Results: The study included 86 healthcare workers who had received at least 1 dose of the JYNNEOS vaccine. Among the respondents, 79.1% reported experiencing at least 1 adverse event, with the majority being local reactions at the injection site. The incidence of adverse events was higher following the first dose (67.9%) than after the second dose (34.4%). The most frequently reported adverse event for both doses was mild pain at the injection site. Conclusion The study provides crucial information on the safety of the JYNNEOS vaccine, demonstrating that most adverse events were manageable and predominantly localized to the injection site. Nonetheless, additional research is needed on the safety of various vaccineadministration techniques and the vaccine’s effects on broader demographics.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and assess the compatibility of current risk scoring systems from Japan that were developed to predict intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). The authors previously investigated another prediction model for patients with refractory KD in Korea. A retrospective study involving 350 patients with KD who were admitted between January 2014 and December 2015 was performed. Patients younger than 2 years were excluded for the propensity score matching in this study. Patients were classified into IVIG responders and IVIG resistance groups. The well-known Harada, Kobayashi, and Egami risk scores were calculated for each patient, and the proportion of high-risk patients was compared between the two groups for each risk score. Logistic regression analysis revealed that platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were independent predictors of IVIG resistance. Multivariate analysis suggested that platelets and CRP were risk factors. Risk-scoring systems from Japan have good specificity but low sensitivity. Among the three risk scoring systems, the Kobayashi risk score demonstrated significant differences between the IVIG resistance and IVIG responder groups in Korean patients with KD. It is very important to identify IVIG-resistant patients to protect them from ongoing coronary arterial lesion(s); therefore, early prediction and timely optimal additional treatment is of significant benefit. It would be helpful to construct a highly sensitive, exclusive scoring system for Korean patients with KD.
Aspartate Aminotransferases ; C-Reactive Protein ; Child* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Japan ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Propensity Score ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense are morphologically similar to each other, and only genetic method can differentiate clearly between the 2 species. A strobila of diphyllobothriid tapeworm discharged from a 7-year-old boy was analyzed to identify the species by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene sequencing. He and his family (total 4 persons) ate slices of 3 kinds of raw fish 16 days before visiting our outpatient clinic. All family members complained of abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. They all expelled tapeworm strobilae in their stools. They were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel and then complained of no more symptoms. The cox1 gene sequencing of the strobila from the boy revealed 99.9% (687/688 bp) similarity with D. nihonkaiense and only 93.2% (641/688 bp) similarity with D. latum. Thus, we assigned this tapeworm as D. nihonkaiense. This is the first report of D. nihonkaiense infection in a family in Korea, and this report includes the 8th pediatric case in Korea. The current report is meaningful because D. nihonkaiense infection within a family is rare.
Animals ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Child ; Diphyllobothriasis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*parasitology ; Diphyllobothrium/*classification/enzymology/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; *Family Health ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Praziquantel/therapeutic use ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Treatment Outcome

Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense are morphologically similar to each other, and only genetic method can differentiate clearly between the 2 species. A strobila of diphyllobothriid tapeworm discharged from a 7-year-old boy was analyzed to identify the species by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene sequencing. He and his family (total 4 persons) ate slices of 3 kinds of raw fish 16 days before visiting our outpatient clinic. All family members complained of abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. They all expelled tapeworm strobilae in their stools. They were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel and then complained of no more symptoms. The cox1 gene sequencing of the strobila from the boy revealed 99.9% (687/688 bp) similarity with D. nihonkaiense and only 93.2% (641/688 bp) similarity with D. latum. Thus, we assigned this tapeworm as D. nihonkaiense. This is the first report of D. nihonkaiense infection in a family in Korea, and this report includes the 8th pediatric case in Korea. The current report is meaningful because D. nihonkaiense infection within a family is rare.
Animals ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Child ; Diphyllobothriasis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*parasitology ; Diphyllobothrium/*classification/enzymology/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; *Family Health ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Praziquantel/therapeutic use ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Treatment Outcome