One hundred fifty-seven patients wha underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for FIGO stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the cervix between February l975 and May 1987 were retros-pectively analysed to identify specific risk factors associsted with treatment failures. Prognostic factors inciuded clinical stage, histologic cell type, degree of differentiation, size of primary tumor, depth of stromal invasian, lymph-vaseular space invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Treatment results were evaluated according to the recurrence rate and 2-year absolute recurrence-free survival(NED) rate by the prognostie faetors and treatment modalities. Patients with lymph node me tases had a significantly higher incidence of bulky primary(-> 4cm), depth of stromal invasion(> 60% thickness), and lymph-vascular invasion(P<0.005). There was significant difference in the recurrence rate and 2-year, NED rate between cervical carcinoma stage IB and I1A(P <0.005). The pat,ients who had bulky primary tum~or(>4cm) and/or depth of stromal invasion (>60% thickness) had a higher recurrence and lower 2-year NKD rate(P<0.025, P<0.005), Unfortunately, it was not possible to demonstrate that these detrimentel effects could be overeorne by postoperetive radiation. When adjoined for these risk group, traditionally reported poor prognostic factors such as nodal metatasis, cell type and differentiation, lyrnphi-vascular mvasion assume less importance in our studies. In this study, prognosis is most inf1ueneed by clinical stage, depth of stromal invasion, and size of primary tumor,
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Failure*

An analysis of echocardiograms was made in 50 patients with pericardial effusion of various origins, diagnosed by clinical and M-mode echocardiographic examinations. In these cases the estimated volume of pericardial effusion ranged between 40 ml and 999 ml. The width of echo-free space behind the left ventricular wall which reflect the amount of effusion showed a significant positive correlation with the systolic excursion and the diastolic mean velocity of both right and left ventricular epicardial surfaces. The echocardiographic patterns of so-called pseudo-mitral valve prolapse and a notch on the right ventricular epicardial surface during systole were found more frequently in patients with large pericardial effusion. Thus, in pericardial effusion, and echocardiographic examination is useful for the visualization of the abnormal motions of cardiac structures as well as for its diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Echocardiography* ; Humans ; Pericardial Effusion* ; Prolapse ; Systole

No abstract available.

Pain, traumatic arthritis, joint stiffness and joint subluxation are common sequelae of fracture dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the finger. Many kinds of methods were used to treat fracture dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint. The prognosis is greatly influenced by the method and the time of treatment. Authors treated 4 cases of fracture dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint with 3 different method. For a case with small bony fragment, we used the extension block splint of McElfresh. For a old case, we used the volar plate arthroplasty mothod of Eaton. And for two cases with large bony fragment, we used the force couple splint method of Agee after open reduction and internal fixation. The results were satisfactory.
Arthritis ; Arthroplasty ; Dislocations ; Fingers ; Joints ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Splints

PURPOSE: For the production and evaluation of the tissue-equivalent phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used agarous gel and oil as a basic component of the mixture and added Tween 80 for the stabilization of phantoms. We did the test for homogeneity and measured T1 and T2 relexation times of each phantom tube. RESULTS: T1 relaxation time ranged from 642 to 2781 msec and T2 relaxation times from 42 to 157 msec. Each phantom was significantly different in T1 relaxation time and T2 relaxation time (p < .0001). CONCLUSION: Tissue equivalent phantom may provide good information on the optimal sequence before MR imaging of patients and may be valuable if it is used with the patients' MR imaging.
Agar ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Polysorbates ; Relaxation

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Female ; Mammaplasty* ; Mastectomy*

The cardiac dimensions and functions were studied by analyzing simultaneously recorded M-mode echocardiograms and phonocardiograms in 24 cases of essential hypertension with no evidence of heart faliure, and also in 20 healthy adults for comparison. Thirteen hypertensives out of 24 had findings consistent with left ventricular hypertrophy on either routine chest roentgenograms or electrocardiograms or both(group II) and the remaining 11 had no such findings(group I). The posterior wall and septal thickness, and isovolumic relaxation time were significantly was increased even in the group I as well as in the group II. The isovolumic relaxation time was correlated well with the septal thickness in both groups. In contrast, a significant increase in left atrial and left ventricular systolic dimensions was noted only in the group II, and so was a significant reduction in the fractional shortening and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. These findings suggest that the echocardiographic examination is useful in patients with essestial hypertension for the early dagnosis of the increased thickness of the posterior wall and the septum, and the abnormality during early diastolic relaxation of the left ventricle, prior to the appearance of the ventricular hypertrophy on the routine chest films amd/or electrocardiograms, and also that echocardiograms enable early detection of the systolic dysfunction of the hypertrophied left ventricle in the absence of apparent failure.
Adult ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Relaxation ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma(BCC) is the commonest type of skin malignacy, and its incidence is increasing. As a result, the number of cases requiring treatment by dermatologists may also be increasing. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clarify the presentation pattern of BCC and to assessce the surgical treatment used in the dermatological surgery clinics in Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul City Boramae Hosptial between 1994 to 1998. METHOD: We reviewed the medical records and checked clinical aspects and surgical treatment methods. RESULTS: The Total number of patients was 33. There were 21 Females and 12 males. The Mean age was 63.1. The most common anatomical site was the face and scalp(30 cases, 91%). The mean size of the tumor was 12.2 by 9.6 mm. BCCs were removed by complete surgical excision with a normal skin margin of 2 to 4 mm. The local flap was most commonly used to repair surgical wounds (55%) and primary closure was used in 39% of patients. A Pedicle flap and full thickness skin graft were also used in surgical defect reconstruction. CONCLUSION: With increasing public awareness and earlier presentation there may be a reduction in tumor size at the time of diagnosis. As most BCCs are found on the head and neck and are usually more or less than 1cm in diameter, it is thought that appropriate education of surgical skills should be needed and offered.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Medical Records ; Neck ; Seoul ; Skin ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries*

No abstract available.
Acanthoma*

Bcl-2 oncoprotein is being localized to mitochondria and interfering with programmed cell death (apoptosis) independent of promoting cell division in the lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. The bcl-2 oncoprotein expression has been reported in follicular lymphomas as well as in diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia and a variable propotion of Hodgkin's lymphoma cases. Recent evidence suggests that some lymphomas protected from apoptosis is conferred through expression of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) latent membrane protein which turn to cause upregulation of bcl-2. To define the role of the bcl-2 oncoprotein and EBV in lymphoid malignancy, we tried immunohistochemical studies with anti-bcl-2 antibody and In situ hybridization (ISH) with EBV-encoded small nuclear RNAs(EBER) in the paraffin embedded sections of 46 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases and 20 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) cases. Bcl-2 oncoprotein expression was found in 37 of 46 cases (80%) of NHL with relatively strong cytoplasmic staining, and in 14 of 20 cases (70%) of HL with weak cytoplasmic staining in limited small numbers of RS, Hodgkin and lacunar cells. The widespread presence of bcl-2 oncogene in many different types of both NHL and HL supports that the extended cell survival through overexpression of bcl-2 gene protein may be a growth advantage of neoplastic lymphoid cells. In the ISH analysis for EBV, the presence of EBV was detected in 17 of 20 cases (85%) of HL, compared to 6 of 44 cases(13.6%) of NHL. It appears to be no direct correlation between overexpression of bcl-2 oncoprotein by neoplastic lymphoid cells and the presence of EBV in NHL but it seems to be a definite association between EBV and HL.