It is very important to select the appropriate operative method in cancer surgery. For proximal gastric cancer, a total gastrectomy (TG) has usually had less morbidity and mortality than an extended total gastrectomy (ETG). To compare and evaluate the results of a TG with those of an ETG, the authors analyzed 50 cases treated by a TG and 50 cases treated by an ETG during the last 12 years. The results were as follows: The post operative complication rates were 34% for a TG and 54% for an ETG, the average operation time was 3 hours 53 minutes for a TG and 3 hours 42 minutes for an ETG, the postoperative fasting period was 7.1 days for a TG and 6.5 days for an ETG, and the mean length of hospital stay was 21.4 days for a TG and 22.6 days for an ETG. the ETG had a higher complication rate than the TG, but there was no statistical difference between the operation times, the postoperative fasting periods, and the length of stay in the hospital. from our experience, it is suggested that the ETG is easier, or almost the same, to carry out than the TG procedure. Therefore, we recommend an ETG for proximal gastric cancer to achieve better curative results.
Fasting ; Gastrectomy* ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Stomach Neoplasms*

We performed an analysis of corneal astigmatism of 123 eyes with suturing(sutured group) and 56 eyes without suturing(sutureless group) after phacoemulsification and PCL implantation through 7.0 mm straight incision wound 2.0-2.5 mm from superior limbus by use of algebraic and vector methods for two years following surgery. In both groups, the amount and axis of astigmatism were continued to change for 2years(p>0.05). The amount of astigmatisms in sutureless group was less than in sutured group until 2 months postoperatively(p<0.01), no significant difference from 3 months to 6 months postoperatively(p>0.05). Astigmatic changes in sutureless group were stable and had lower against-the-rule shift than the sutured group after 6 months postoperatively(p<0.01). Surgically induced astigmatism was stabilized after 1 month postoperatively in sutured group and after 2 weeks psotoperatively in suture less group(p<0.01), and it was lower in suture less group than sutured group during the two years postoperatively.(p<0.01).
Astigmatism ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cataract* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Phacoemulsification ; Sutures* ; Wounds and Injuries

The arthroscopic procedure has been one of the useful treatment modalitis in osteoarthritis of the knee, which does not respond to conservative treatment. Authors reviewed the resuJts of 61cases of 61 patients(18 males and 43 females) that had been treated with arthroscopic procedures including arthroscopic simple )avage, partial menisectomy, removal of the loose bodies, synovectomy and chondroplasty. The purpose of this study is to evaluate indication and effectiveness of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritic knee. 1. Seventy-one percent of sixty-one patients had relief of pain and other clinical symptoms after arthroscopic procedures. 2. Sixty-one pereent were still good at last follow-up more, than one year. 3. The favorable results were obtained after removal of loose bodies or partial menisectomy in association with osteoarthritic knee cornpared with the other procedures. And the poor results were obtained in patients with severe degenerative changes and severe cartilage defects of both femoral condyles. 4. The normal-alignment knees had much better results after arthroscopic surgery compared with valgus or varus knees. Our results suggest that arthroscopic surgery can be one of the good alternative treatment methods for osteoarthritic knee and a time-saving procedure before arthroplastic surgery.
Arthroscopy ; Cartilage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee* ; Male ; Osteoarthritis

Postoperative hyphema following cataract extraction surgery is not usually a serious complication and clears quickly in the most cases. Sutureless cataract surgery was reported to have less incidence of postoperative hyphema than conventional cataract surgery. We analyzed the incidence of postoperative hyphema in each group according to the depth and the length of scleral pocket incision in 500 eyes with the sutureless cataract surgery via superior incision during two years. One day after surgery, 90 cases(18.0%) had hyphema and most of them(74.4%) showed grade 1 severity. The incidence of hyphema was 23.0% in the deep incision group and only 11.9% in the superficial incision group(p<0.01). The percentage of grade 1 hyphema was 66.6% in the deep group and 92.6% in the superficial group, then severity was greatly reduced in the superficial incision group(p<0.01). The incidence of hyphema in the group of 7.0 mm in length was highest among the 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 mm groups(p<0.01), and the shorter the incision length, the milder the serverity of hyphema(p<0.01). The incidence of hyphuma was the lowest(6.2%) in the group of 6.0 mm in length and superficial incision, and it was the highest(28.5%) in the 7.0 mm in length and deep incisional group(p<0.01).
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Hyphema* ; Incidence*

PURPOSE: To identify the localization of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in human corneal cells and to evaluate its ability to act as a local immunosuppressive factor. METHODS: The expression profile of IDO was obtained with RT-PCR and Western blot of in a primary culture of human corneal cells (fibroblasts, epithelial cells and endothelial cells). In order to investigate the immunosuppressive function of IDO, immune cells were cultured in a human corneal cell-conditioned medium, and their prolifleration was identified by the MTT assay. Moreover, apoptotic effects of IDO in immune cells treated with IFN-gamma were also investigated with apoptosis ELISA. RESULTS: Among the three different types of human corneal cells analyzed, mRNA and protein expression of IDO was observed only in human corneal fibroblasts. Immune cells cultured in a human corneal fibroblast-conditioned medium showed inhibited proliferation. Moreover, IFN-gamma-induced expression of IDO significantly enhanced apoptotic ability in a dose-depandant manner. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that human corneal fibroblasts are relatively immuno-resistant and that expression of IDO may be one of the factors involved in the immune tolerance observed in corneal grafts.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibroblasts ; Humans* ; Immune Tolerance ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; RNA, Messenger ; Transplants

Trichuriasis is an intestinal infection of human beings caused by Trichuris trichiura, more commonly known as whipworm because of its whip-like appearance. It is characterized by the invasion of the colonic mucosa by the adult trichuris. It is prevalent throughout the world, especially in tropical areas. Diagnosis is made typically by the identification of characteristic barrel-shaped eggs in the feces, although adult worms may be seen rarely at sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. We report five cases of whipworm infection that was diagnosed on colonoscopic examination.
Adult ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Diagnosis* ; Eggs ; Feces ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Ovum ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Trichuriasis ; Trichuris

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Mechanical Thrombolysis ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Stroke ; Thrombectomy

We evaluated DNA protection effect of heat shock protein (HSP) against cytotoxic effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI). Cultured human corneal fibroblasts were divided into 4 groups. Control (Group I) was not exposed to a sub-lethal heat treatment. Other 3 groups were exposed to 43 degrees C for 1 hr, then incubated at 37 degrees C during different duration (1, 6, 24 hr, Group II, III, IV, respectively). Expression pattern of HSP 70 was analyzed by Western blot. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the relationship between HSP 70 expression and DNA damage was examined by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick and labeling (TUNEL) stain and single cell gel electrophoresis. Expression pattern of HSP 70 was dependent on recovery times. Cell viability following heat treatment was significantly increased and the TUNEL positive cell number was decreased at 6 hr. In single cell gel electrophoresis, tail moments were increased in a dose-dependent manner by SNAP and X/XO. Following heat treatment, tail moments showed decreased significantly at 6 hr. These results suggest that induction of HSP 70 by sub-lethal heat treatment is closely related with cytoprotective effects against oxidative stresses in human corneal fibroblasts.
Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cornea/*cytology ; DNA Damage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblasts/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Heat ; Heat-Shock Proteins 70/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology ; *Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine/pharmacology ; Xanthine/pharmacology ; Xanthine Oxidase/pharmacology

Extralobar pulmonary sequestration, a rare form of bronchopulmonary sequestration, is a congenital anomaly in which a portion of nonfunctioning lung tissue is surrounded by its own pleura and is supplied by a systemic artery. We describe a case of extralobar pulmonary sequestration with unusual features. CT scanning of the chest demonstrated a non-enhancing, hyperdense mass within the right major fissure, and thoracotomy revealed that the mass received blood from a branch of the right pulmonary artery and drained into the left atrium. The pathologic diagnosis was extralobar pulmonary sequestration.
Arteries ; Bronchopulmonary Sequestration* ; Diagnosis ; Heart Atria ; Lung ; Pleura ; Pulmonary Artery ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Follicle stmulating hormone ( FSH ) consist of alpha and beta subunits, which are encoded by se-parate genes. Pituitary release of FSH appears to be regulated by the hypothalamic GnRH and the gonadal steroid hormones. In addition, inhibin and follistatin produced by the gonad have been known to inhibit FSH secretion selectively. However, little is known about their regulation of the biosynthesis of FSH subunits at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In the pre-sent study, we studied the time course of changes in alpha and FSH beta subunit mRNA concentrati-ons after castration and the effects of ovarian steroids of changes in alpha and FSH beta subunit mRNA concentrations after castration and the effects of ovarian steroids on alpha and FSH beta subunit mRNA in ovariectomized rats in order to determine Whether FSH subunit synthesis is modulated at the pretranslational levels, and whether synthesis and secretion are differently regulated. Results are as follows : 1. The time course of the rise in the steady state alpha subunit and FSH beta subunit mRNA levels were observed after ovariectomy, which paralleled the increases in serum and pituitary FSH concentrations. The time course experiments revealed differences in the patterns of alpha and FSH beta subunit mRNA responses, the rise in FSH beta subunit mRNA levels being more pro- minent than the rise in alpha subunit mRNA. 2. FSH beta mRNA levels were negatively regulated by the single injection of progesterone but not by estradiol, suggesting that FSH beta subunit mRNA seemed to be more sensitive to ne-gative feedback by progesterone than estradiol. Similar results were obtained by the continuous treatment of ovarian steroids for 1~4 days, but inhibition was more prominent with continuous treatment. It is, therefore, concluded that estradiol and progesterone inhibit the synthesis of FSH at the pretranslational level by modulating the steady state levels of alpha and FSH beta subunit mRNA, progesterone effect being more promiment than that of estradiol and alpha and FSH beta subunit are regulated in a different manner.
Animals ; Castration ; Estradiol ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone* ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit ; Follistatin ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonads ; Inhibins ; Ovariectomy* ; Progesterone ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Steroids