No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Prevalence*

No abstract available.

Studies of urinary incontinence have so far paid little attention with female urinary incontinence (FUI). The aims of this study are to define the nature and extent of psychological stress in women with FUI in the absence of other abnormality. Thirty women aged 24 to 51 were diagnosed as FUI and 30 women as control group without FUI. Diagnostic procedure included a history taking, physical examination, and urodynamic evaluation. Personality traits were assessed by means of the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and the Beck depression inventory (BDI) in 30 FUI women. The results were compared with a control group of c,0ntinent women. The mean patient age were 39.6 years in FUI and 40.5 years in control group. Among the FUI patients, 23 (77%) were genuine stress incontinence (GSI), and 7 (23%) were GSI with urge incontinence (UI). State anxiety inventory was 44.78 +/-10.27 in FUI group and 39.97 +/- 4.49 in control group, there was a significant difference (p=0.025). Depression inventory were 8.67 +/- 7.91 in FUI and 4.47 + 2.09 in control group, with a significant difference also (p=0.007). However, trait-anxiety inventory was 44.70 +/-9.54, and 40.80 +/- 5.31, respectively without no significant difference (p>0.05). The results of this study were that FUI was `associated with state-anxiety and depression. Although FUI is not a severe physical disability, many psychological problems are associated with it.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Female* ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Stress, Psychological ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Urodynamics

In 1948, Kegel first described biofeedback therapy with perineometer for the treatment of genuine stress incontinence and reported a 90% improvement in 455 patients treated. After then, most urologists and gynecologist favored the anti-incontinence surgery in spite of the effectiveness of pelvic floor exercise. However, pelvic floor muscle exercise is regarded as ""something good to do"" before considering surgery, nowadays. This study evaluated the efficacy of the pelvic floor muscle exercise for the treatment of genuine stress incontinence patients with mild symptoms and pelvic relaxation. We treated 31 patients with pelvic floor muscle exercise with perineometer and followed up all of the patients for 3 months. Twenty seven out of thirty one cases improved incontinence symptom. Sixty five percent of cases showed less than 2 gm urine leak after one hour pad test and 48% of cases showed the increase of vaginal tone (mean 13.2mmHg) with perineometer. This study shows the improvement of genuine stress incontinence symptom is mainly due to perineal blockage just before the increase of intraabdominal pressure.
Biofeedback, Psychology ; Humans ; Pelvic Floor* ; Relaxation

This study evaluated the Comparison of the Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle exercise and Biofeedback treatment for Genuine Stress Incontinence I assigned 60 participants to 2 groups : 30 to the pelvic floor muscle exercise group and 30 to the biofeedback group. Treatment protocol lasted for 6 weeks. Peak pressure, and duration time of pelvic muscle contraction were evaluated by a perineometer. Lower urinary symptoms, sexual matter and life style scores were achieved by using Jackson's scale. The treatment efficacy of the pelvic floor muscle exercise is compared with the biofeedback group and the main results of the comparison are as follows: 1. Pelvic muscle contraction 1) The peak pressure in the biofeedback group was significantly increased(P=0.000). 2. The frequency and quantity of incontinence 1) The frequency of incontinence in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased(P=0.000). 2) The quantity of incontinence in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased(P=0.000). 3. The lower urinary symptoms Daily frequency(P=0.000), nocturia(P=0.000), urgency(P=0.000), bladder pain(P=0.000), unexplained incontinence(P=0.048), wearing protection(P=0.022), changing outer clothing(P=0.005), hesitancy(P=0.008), intermittent stream(P=0.000), abnormal strength of stream(P=0.004), retention(P=0.000), incomplete emptying(P=0.000), and inability to stop mid steam(P=0.006) of the lower urinary symptoms in the biofeedback group were significantly decreased. 4. The sexual matters The dry vagina(P=0.004) and pain during sexual intercourse(P=0.002) in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased. 5. The life style. The fluid intake restriction(P=0.007), affected daily task(P=0.003), avoidance of places & situation(P=0.003), interference in Physical activity(P=0.002), interference in relationship with other people(P=0.01), and feeling about the rest of life with urinary symptom(P=0.000) in the biofeedback group were significantly decreased. In conclusion, the biofeedback treatment was more effective than the pelvic floor muscle exercise in genuine stress incontinence.
Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Clinical Protocols ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Muscle Contraction ; Pelvic Floor* ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder

This study evaluated the Comparison of the Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle exercise and Biofeedback treatment for Genuine Stress Incontinence I assigned 60 participants to 2 groups : 30 to the pelvic floor muscle exercise group and 30 to the biofeedback group. Treatment protocol lasted for 6 weeks. Peak pressure, and duration time of pelvic muscle contraction were evaluated by a perineometer. Lower urinary symptoms, sexual matter and life style scores were achieved by using Jackson's scale. The treatment efficacy of the pelvic floor muscle exercise is compared with the biofeedback group and the main results of the comparison are as follows: 1. Pelvic muscle contraction 1) The peak pressure in the biofeedback group was significantly increased(P=0.000). 2. The frequency and quantity of incontinence 1) The frequency of incontinence in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased(P=0.000). 2) The quantity of incontinence in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased(P=0.000). 3. The lower urinary symptoms Daily frequency(P=0.000), nocturia(P=0.000), urgency(P=0.000), bladder pain(P=0.000), unexplained incontinence(P=0.048), wearing protection(P=0.022), changing outer clothing(P=0.005), hesitancy(P=0.008), intermittent stream(P=0.000), abnormal strength of stream(P=0.004), retention(P=0.000), incomplete emptying(P=0.000), and inability to stop mid steam(P=0.006) of the lower urinary symptoms in the biofeedback group were significantly decreased. 4. The sexual matters The dry vagina(P=0.004) and pain during sexual intercourse(P=0.002) in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased. 5. The life style. The fluid intake restriction(P=0.007), affected daily task(P=0.003), avoidance of places & situation(P=0.003), interference in Physical activity(P=0.002), interference in relationship with other people(P=0.01), and feeling about the rest of life with urinary symptom(P=0.000) in the biofeedback group were significantly decreased. In conclusion, the biofeedback treatment was more effective than the pelvic floor muscle exercise in genuine stress incontinence.
Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Clinical Protocols ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Muscle Contraction ; Pelvic Floor* ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder

From October 1990 through July 1991, 187 women who complained of urinary incontinence underwent investigation in the department of urology, especially urodynamically, compared with 42 women with female urethral syndrome as control group. The following results were obtained ; mean functional urethral length was 3.1+/-0.9cm and mean maximal urethral closure pressure was 80.2+/-2.4cmH2O in genuine stress incontinence patients. But each results of female urethral syndrome were 3.6+/-0.7cm and 121.1+/-3.8cmH2O, respectively, and were higher than those of genuine stress incontinence (p <0.05 ). The incidence of positive pressure equalization of genuine stress incontinence was higher than that of control group, as 85.6% and 14.3% (p<0.05). The findings of uroflowmetry and cystometry showed within normal limits in genuine stress incontinence and poor voiding pattern in female urethral syndrome. Conclusively. urodynamic study was important for diagnosis and follow up of genuine stress incontinence.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urodynamics* ; Urology

PURPOSE: We reviewed 19 patients with interstitial cystitis from March 1992 to August 1996. All patients were treated with simple hydrodistention of bladder, and we followed the results of their effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Most of the patients were middle aged women(mean age: 50.4 years). On cystoscopy, glomerulations were noted in all patients. Major symptoms were frequency(100%), dysuria(74%), urgency(74%) and suprapubic discomforts(47%). Simple hydrodistention was used in all patients. Mean bladder capacity was 150m1(50-280) in 1 month after procedure compared with 114m1(50-190) before procedure. Hematuria was noted during postoperative period in all patients. RESULTS: As the result of the postoperative urodynamic study, 5 out of 19 patients(26.3%) had no more symptoms, 9 patients(47.4%) was improved, but 5 patients(26.3%) showed no improvement. Sixteen of 19 patient were followed up 1.5-14(mean: 71) months, previous symptoms were recurred in 12 patients 3-4 months after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the results show short-term effects, simple bladder hydrodistention would be one of the effective treatment modalities of interstitial cystitis.
Cystitis, Interstitial* ; Cystoscopy ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urodynamics

Male hypogonadism refers to decrease in Leydig cell function, diminished or absent spermatogenesis, or both in tandem. The results of clinical investigation on 29 patients with male hypogonadism seen in urology department of Severance hospital from May, 1980 to August, 1982 are reported. The results were as follows; 1. Physical findings varied according to whether onset occurred before or after puberty. 2. The major physical finding was delay in sexual maturation. In addition, gynecomastia was found in 7 cases, hyposmia or anosmia in 4 cases, secondary bilateral anorchia in 4 cases, cryptorchidism in 3 cases and mental retardation in 1 case. 3. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (eunuch group), testicular volume was 2.5 +/- 0.8 ml. In patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (eunuchoid group), testicular volume was 2.4 +/- 1.8ml. 4. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, penile length was 4.4 +/- 1.2cm. In patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, penile length was 2.8 +/- 1.4cm. 5. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, serum FSH was 62.4 +/- 20.5mlU/ml, serum LH 65.0 +/- 23.6mlU/ml, serum testosterone 1.6 +/- 1.4ng/ml and serum prolactin 10.2 +/- 4.2ng/ml. In patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, serum FSH was 3.5 +/- l.9mlU/ml, serum LH 5.3 +/- 2.8mlU/ml and serum testosterone 0.9 +/- 0.6ng/ml. 6. The cause of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism was Klinefelter's syndrome in 5 cases, prepubertal traumatic bilateral anorchisms in 2 cases, postpubertal bilateral anorchisms for seminoma or torsion in 2 cases. Testicular atrophy was found in 3 cases, 2 cases having past history of mumps orchitis and 1 case having past history of trauma. In 3 cases, no etiology could be identified. 7. The causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism was a kallmann's syndrome in 4 cases. In two other cases, a pituitary lesion was suspected but could not be confirmed due to absence of pituitary hormone reserve function test. Two cases were identified as gonadotropin deficiency with growth hormone deficiency. 8. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, androgen replacement therapy with a testosterone preparation was performed. After the treatment, improvement of male secondary sex characteristics such as hair growth, voice change, enlargement of penis size and scrotum size was noted. Promotion and maintenance of sexual potency was also noted. 9. The patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism were treated with androgen, HCG or HCG and HMG. However, due to the short period of therapy and follow-up, no firm conclusions about treatment efficacy in this group can be drawn. However, the best therapy to promote fertility should have been human chorionic gonadotropin combined with human menopausal gonadotropin. In conclusion, it appears that long-term treatment with androgen preparation promotes sexual potency and improves male secondary sex characteristics in hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. In addition, long-term treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin combined with human menopausal gonadotropin may provide an efficient means of treating patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism to obtain potency and fertility.
Adolescent ; Atrophy ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Cryptorchidism ; Fertility ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonadotropins ; Growth Hormone ; Gynecomastia ; Hair ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Intellectual Disability ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Klinefelter Syndrome ; Male* ; Mumps ; Olfaction Disorders ; Orchitis ; Penis ; Prolactin ; Puberty ; Scrotum ; Seminoma ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Maturation ; Spermatogenesis ; Testosterone ; Treatment Outcome ; Urology ; Voice

GnRH test was performed in male hypogonadism which included hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, Kallmann's syndrome, oligospermia and azoospermia, total 24 cases. The results were as follows: 1. GnRH test is most useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected gonadotropins deficiency. 2. GnRH test is helpful in the differentiation of hypothalamic from pituitary disorder, but single GnRH test does not reliably differentiate. 3. GnRH test facilitate the differentiation between delayed puberty and isolated gonadotropins deficiency. 4. GnRH test is useful in the evaluation of patients with oligospermia or azoospermia, especially with normal basal hormone level, to diagnose the primary lesion. 5. GnRH test is valuable in the determination of treatment modality in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and infertile men.
Azoospermia ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Infertility, Male ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Male* ; Oligospermia ; Pituitary Diseases ; Puberty, Delayed