No abstract available.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure* ; Ventilation*

No abstract available.
Spinal Stenosis*

Recently spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis have become major causes of low back pain in the orthopaedic field and numerous methods have been designed for its treatment. The authors used the LSDS with posterolateral fusion for 12 cases of spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis having low back pain and tenderness, which were operated on during the 4 years from Jan. 1983 to Jan. 1986 at Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital. The advantages of LSDS with posterolateral fusion are as follows. l. In the case of distraction spondylodesis of interspinous process between L4 and Sl; A. the diameter of intervertebral formaina as well as of the whole spinal canal is widened. B. decompression is accomplished. C. the mechanical stress on the posterior columns of vertebral arch is lessened because the plumb line is anteriorly transferred. 2. Technique of LSDS; the knee-elbow position has the advantages of maximal kyphosis together with expansion of the space between the vertebral arches, as well as a reduction in the tendency to bleed because the blood collects in the abdominal vessels. 3. Internal fixation of grafted bone is not necessary. 4. A large surface area for unit mass of graft is in contact with blood supply. 5. Hypertrophy or displacement of graft can not encroach upon the epidural space; as may occur in certain circumstances following posterior fusion. The results of treatment are follows; l. In the case of improvement of symptoms after facet infiltration and knee-elbow position, satisfa- ctory results after LSDS were obtained. 2. The progression of slipping was not occurred after LSDS. 3. In increased lumbar lordosis, we have noted the instability especially with the changes from the mean values in Fergusons angles. 4. In the slip angle, there is some tendency to the lumbosacral instability correlating with the in- crease in the body weight. 5. We have also noted that the functional result was not closely related with degree of displacement.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Decompression ; Epidural Space ; Hypertrophy ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Low Back Pain ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ; Protestantism ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Fusion ; Spondylolisthesis ; Spondylolysis ; Stress, Mechanical ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: To determine correlations among ambulatory renin activity, ambulatory blood pressure and microalbumin excretion rate, 66 Korean essential hypertensives were studied after 4 week wash-out period. The ambulatory blood pressure was monitored every 30 minutes and mean BP were calculated automatically. Urinary microalbumin excretion rate(UAER) and ambulatory plasma renin activity(aPRA) collected at mid-day were measured by radioimmunoassays. Subjectives were divided into 2 groups by aPRA value(2ng/ml/hr). RESULT: 14 cases were high renin group and 52 cases low renin group. The mean BP were 148.83/94.69mmHg in low renin group, and 146.57/98.07mmHg in high-renin group without difference. UAER were not different also between both groups. 23.07%(4/14) of non-dippers were included in high renin group and 25.58%(12/52) in low renin group without statistical difference. The aPRA was significantly related to UAER and systolic and diastolic mean blood pressure. Also UAER was related significantly to day mean blood pressures. CONCLUSION: Thus aPRA is thought to be a meaningful indicator to predict hypertensive renal target organ damage as well as blood pressure measured with 24-hr ABPM.
Blood Pressure* ; Hypertension* ; Plasma* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Renin*

No abstract available.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism*

No abstract available.
Ganglion Cysts* ; Paralysis* ; Peroneal Nerve*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Osteochondrodysplasias*

No abstract available.
Clavicle* ; Dislocations*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of combined transvaginal ultrasound and beta-hCG discriminatory zone for diagnosing intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy in early abnormal pregnancy. METHODS: Initial ultrasound findings and beta-hCG level were compared with final pregnancy outcome in 164 early pregnant women who visit our hospital with vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value by the combination of two diagnostic tools were calculated. Statistic analysis of collected data used x2 of SPSS(9.0). RESULTS: Of 90 women with normal outcome, 64(71.1%) had a gestational sac 5mm, and in 47 cases, the hCG level was above 1,800 mIU/ml. Transvaginal ultrasound was non-diagnostic in 47(28.6%) of 164 women, and especially, 43(53.1%) of 81 cases with beta-hCG levels below 1,800 mIU/ml. The portion of accurate ultrasound diagnosis was significantly higher in women above 1,800 mIU/ml (85.5%, 71 of 83 cases) compard with levels below 1,800 mIU/ml (37.0%, 30 of 81 cases) : P < 0.001; Relative Risk(RR) 2.31; CI 95%. Sensitivity of transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy was 90.2%, 79.3%, and 66.7% in women who presented with beta-hCG levels above 1,800 mIU/ml, and 41.0%, 23.5%, and 75% below 1,800 mIU/ml, respectively. And, negative predictive value was 83.9%, 89.7%, and 98.8% in each of intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy above 1,800 mIU/ml, and 64.6%, 60%, and 97.3% below 1,800 mIU/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosing abnormal early pregnancy were poor except cases of ectopic pregnancy when beta-hCG levels were low than discriminatory zone. Ultrasound impressions were well related with beta-hCG levels.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gestational Sac ; Humans ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnant Women ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography* ; Uterine Hemorrhage

STUDY DESIGN: The lumbar segmental motions were analysed in asymptomatic volunteers. OBJECTIVES: To obtain normative data on flexibility and Graf's instability degree in sagittal plan of the normal lumbar spine. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Although several clinical and radiological measurement tech niques are available, little is known about the normal range of lumbar spine motion. As a consequence, the diagnostic evaluation of radiographs are frequently based on subject opinions rather than object reality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors have checked lumbar flexion-extension Yiews of 95asymptomatic volunteers who were divided into 5 groups by the age, and then their flexibility and Graf's instability degree were calculated by Graf's method with using Graf/Bar Mark II(digitalizing table) and personal computer program(RachisR). Evaluation of the sexual difference and comparison of the difference of each age group in spine level were done RESULTS: 1. There were significant differences in flexibility among age groups(p<0.05) and highest flexibility was observed in group 1 (age: 15-19yrs) and 15-19 segment 2. Flexibility was not different between male and female(p>0.05). 3. Graf's instability degree was not different among 5 age groups(p>0.05), and between male and female(p>0.05). 4. The mean Craf's instability degree was below 8o in L2-3, L3-4, and L4-5 segment, but above 8 in L5-S1 segment(male: 11.62+/-9.27 , female. 11.11+/-8.70). CONCLUSIONS: Although we observed small subjects, these results are the basic steps toward more objective and careful interpretation of flexibilty and Graf's instability degree.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microcomputers ; Pliability* ; Reference Values ; Spine ; Volunteers