No abstract available.
Polyps*

We obtained the following results by reviewing the radiographic findings of 15 cases of Sinus Valsalva rupturewho were diagnosed surgically at Seoul National University Hospital since 1979. 1. Among distribution was from 15years to 40 yeass with the mean age of 24 years. Among the 15 cases, 9 cases were male and 7 were female. 2.Ruptured sinus is right coronary sinus projecting to right ventricle in all 15 cases. Combined diseases areventricular septal defect in 12 cases, Aortic Valvular heart disease in 4 cases, and narrowing of rightventricular outflow tract in 2 cases, and aneurysmal dilatation of right pulmonary artery in 1 case. 3. Chestx-ray findings were that of left to right shunt, i.e, cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary vascularity but werenormal in 3 cases. 4. Aortography showed sequential leakage of dye form right coronary sinus to right ventricleand finally to pulmonary artery in 9 cases, and in 9 cases of them the leakage is directly to right ventricularoutflow tract without filling of sinus portin of the ventricle, i.e., type I. 5. The leakage was well shown inleft ventricular diastolic phase and not shown in systolic phase. 6. Ventricular septal defects were not detecteddefinitely in spite of taking left ventriculography. 7. Cineangiography is essential for detecting accurate site,degree and direction of sinus valsalva rupture and other associated cardiac abnormality.
Aneurysm ; Aortography ; Cardiomegaly ; Cineangiography ; Coronary Sinus ; Dilatation ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; Rupture ; Seoul

We analyzed 105 cases reports published in the Journal of the Korean Radiological Society between 1975 and 1985. The objectives of this study were to find out(1) whether those case reports were truly original or not as far as domestic pulications were concerned and (2) whether their citations of domestic literatures were correct. In two papers, we found previous reports published already in the domestic journal in spite of the authors' claim as their "first case reports". In 105 cases reports, only 94 references were cited while 151 omitted. It is concluded that a case report must include a statement to authentically clarify whether similar report had been previously published through meticulous review of published literatures. We also recommend to computerize the index domestic literatures.

No abstract available.
Death Certificates* ; Korea*

Cerebral infarction is caused by decreased perfusion to the brain. In the evaluation of the infarction, CT has been widely used but MRI ans SPECT recently tend to increase in use. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of MR imaging with that of 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine(HMPAO) single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) in the patients with cerebral infarction in the points of (1) number of detected lesion, (2) size of the lesion, and (3) correlation with clinical neurologic deficits. Sixty-one patients with cerebral infarctions(acute: 23, subacute:30, chronic:8) were reviewed. In all patients, MRI and corresponding 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT examinations were performed within a reasonable time span. We analyzed the fiadings of (1) clinical neurologic examination, (2) MR and, (3) Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT independently they were compared later on. The lesion of SPECT was larger than the seen on MRI in 9 of 23 acute cases, 13 of 30 subacute cases, and 3 of 8 chronic cases. The lesion on MRI was larger than that on SPECT in seven acute cases, six subacute, and only one case in chronic stage. In the remaining cases, the size of the lesion was similar to that on both SPECT and MRI. For the detection of lesion, MRI was superior to SPECT in 15 acute cases, 13 subacute cases, and four chronic cases, while SPECT was super or to MRI in four of 30 cases at subacute stage, and one of 8 cases at chronic stage. In conclusion, there was a tendency that the detection rate of the lesion was higher on MRI but the lesion was larger on SPECT. The lesions detected on both MRI and SPECT correlated well with clinical symptoms.
Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Perfusion ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.
Humans

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of T2-weighted oblique coronal imaging in the diagnosis of anteriorcruciate ligament (ACL) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MRI findings of 12 patients with ACL injury and a groupof 12 with normal ACL were respectively reviewed in terms of nonvisualization or focal defect, morphologic changeand increased signal intensity of ACL. Diagnostic accuracy in the conventional sagittal or coronal plane and inthe T2-weighted oblique coronal plane was also compared. T2-weighted oblique coronal scanning was performed, withthe imaging plane parallel to the direction of the intercondylar roof. RESULTS: In the ACL injury group,conventional MR imaging showed nonvisualization or focal defect (10/12), morphologic change (7/12), displacement(4/12), and increased signal intensity (9/12). T2-weighted oblique coronal imaging showed nonvisualization orfocal defect (11/12), morphologic change (5/12), and increased signal intensity(9/12). In the normal ACL group,conventional MR imaging demonstrated false-positive findings, i.e. these mimicked ACL injuries. Nonvisualizationor focal defect (2/12), and morphologic change (1/12), and increased signal intensity (5/12) were seen.T2-weighted oblique coronal imaging demonstrated normal ACL as an anteromedial and posterolateral band ; therewere no false-positive cases. On T2-weighted oblique coronal scan, no normal ACL showed increased signal intersity; compared with conventional MR imaging, this difference was statistically significant(P < 0.005). Overall, thesensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of conventional sagittal or coronal plane and T2-weighted oblique coronalplane imaging were, respectively 92% and 92%, 58% and 100%, and 75% and 96%. CONCLUSION: On T2-weighted obliquecoronal scans, the visualization of all normal anterior cruciate ligaments was better than on conventional MRimages. When ACL injury is vague on conventional MR imaging, T2-weighted oblique coronal imaging is considered tobe useful for the differentiation of ACL injury and normal ACL.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the CT findings of histologically confirmed endobrnchial tuberculosis(EBTB) and to access their diagnostic value by comparing with the bronchoscopic findings. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We evaluated retrospectively the CT findings of 25 patients(male : female=5 : 20) with EBTB, and classified them into 3 types by their characteristic features, which are compared with the brochoscopic findings. The 3 types of CT features were as follows ; type 1 : central mass-like lesion with coarse calcific spots associated with atelectasis, type 2: caseous pneumonia with air-bronchogram associated with atelecatasis, type 3 : irregularly distorted and narrowed bronchovascular changes. RESULTS: Comparing the characteristic CT findings with the bronchoscopic findings, they were as follows ; type 1 showed completely occluded lumen by caseous or scar-like tissue with severely swollenmucosa, type 2 showed very thick tenacious mucous plug with anthracotic pigmentation of mucosa, type 3 showed chronic inflammatory change of mucosa with severely deviated or septated bronchial lumen by out-growing caseousgranulation tissue. A tracheal tuberculosis without parenchymal lesion was noted and the bronchoscopy showed caseous materials along the tracheal lumen to the carinal level. CONCLUSION: The characteristic CT findings ofthe bronchial wall and the changes of the adjacent tissues are related to the tracheobronchial tuberculous involvement. CT is useful for diagnosis of the endobronchial tuberculosis.
Adult* ; Bronchoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Pigmentation ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: The microRNA-221/222 (miR-221/222) gene cluster has been reported to be associated with the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), downregulation of estrogen receptor-α, and tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. We studied the expression of miR-222 in human breast cancer samples to analyze its relationship with clinicopathologic features of the tumor, including estrogen receptor status, expression of EMT markers, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of miR-222 in 197 invasive breast cancers. Expression of EMT markers (vimentin, smooth muscle actin, osteonectin, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin) was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: High miR-222 levels were associated with high T stage, high histologic grade, high Ki-67 proliferation index, and HER2 gene amplification. Its expression was significantly higher in the luminal B and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) subtypes than in the luminal A and triple-negative subtypes. In the hormone receptor-positive subgroup, there was a significant negative correlation between miR-222 and estrogen receptor expression, and miR-222 expression was associated with EMT marker expression. In the group as a whole, high miR-222 expression was not associated with clinical outcome. However, subgroup analyses by hormone receptor status revealed that high miR-222 expression was a poor prognostic factor in the hormone receptor-positive subgroup, but not in the hormone receptor-negative subgroup. CONCLUSION: This study showed that miR-222 is associated with down-regulation of the estrogen receptor, EMT, and tumor progression in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, indicating that miR-222 might be associated with endocrine therapy resistance and poor clinical outcome in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Actins ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cadherins ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Estrogens ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Multigene Family ; Muscle, Smooth ; Osteonectin ; Phenobarbital ; Prognosis ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Tamoxifen

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change of axial length (AL), intraocular pressure (IOP), and corneal astigmatism after scleral shortening with scleral invagination in the rabbit eye. METHODS: The authors performed scleral shortening (3 mm) with scleral invagination in two groups of 6 eyes each: 180 degrees (group 1) and 360 degrees (group 2). RESULTS: Average AL shortening was more prominent in group 2 (0.5 +/- 0.17 mm) than in group 1 (0.37 +/- 0.29 mm), but the difference was not statistically significant. IOP increased immediately after the procedure and was maintained at a high level through 2 months postoperatively. Induced corneal astigmatism was more prominent in group 1 than in group 2. The difference was statistically significant in group 1 (p< 0.05) but not in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: In the scleral shortening with scleral invagination procedure, a large amount of scleral invagination resulted in more shortening of axial length, but there was more corneal astigmatism in 180-degree invagination of the sclera than in 360-degree. Further research is required to determine the effect of the extent of scleral invagination on the change of these values.
Animals ; Astigmatism/*etiology ; Corneal Diseases/*etiology ; Eye/*pathology ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Postoperative Period ; Rabbits ; Sclera/*surgery