Foreign body (FB) ingestion of children is a common pediatric emergency requiring medical attention. Pediatric emergency physicians and gastroenterologists often encounter nervous and distressed situations, because of children presenting with this condition in the common clinical practice. When determining the appropriate timing and indications for intervention, physicians should consider multiple patient- and FB-related factors. The utilization of a flexible endoscopy is considered safe and effective to use in these cases, with a high success rate, for the effective extraction of FBs from the gastrointestinal tract of a child. Additionally, a Foley catheter and a magnet-attached Levin tube have been used for decades in the case of FB removal. Although their use has decreased significantly in recent times, these instruments continue to be used for several indications. Using a Foley catheter for this purpose does not require special training and does not necessarily require sedation of the patient or fluoroscopy, which serve as advantages of utilizing this method for foreign object retrieval. An ingested magnet or iron-containing FB can be retrieved using a magnet-attached tube, and can be effective to retrieve an object from any section of the upper gastrointestinal tract that can be reached. Simple and inexpensive devices such as Foley catheters and magnet-attached tubes can be used in emergencies such as with the esophageal impaction of disk batteries if endoscopy cannot be performed immediately (e.g., in rural areas and/or in patients presenting at midnight in a facility, especially in those without access to endoscopes or emergency services, or in any situation that warrants urgent removal of a foreign object).
Catheters ; Child ; Eating ; Emergencies ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; Esophagus ; Fluoroscopy ; Foreign Bodies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Methods ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ; Urinary Catheterization

Alterations in the expression of genes that control the cell cycle may be of critical importance in tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. The major regulatory events leading to cell proliferation occur in Gl phase of cell cycle, and the deregulated expression of Gl cyclins is related to oncogenesis. Cyclins Dl and E play important roles in the progression of cell through Gl phase of the cell cycle. Amplification and/or overexpression of the cyclin Dl gene and aberrant expression of cyclin E has been described in various forms of human cancer. However, the role of cyclins Dl and E in cervical cancer has been poorly defined. In this study, we examined the expression of cyclins Dl and E by Northern blot technique and the status of human papil- lomavirus(HPV) type 16 and 18 by polymerase chain reaction in 25 cases of cervical carcinoma to explore the relationship between cyclins Dl and E and cervical cancer. We found cyclin Dl expression showed down-regulated expression in cervical cancer but cyclin E expression was increased in cancer group. Other clinicopathological prognostic factors were not correlated with cyclins D1 and E expression. Further study based on larger numbers of cases with correlation of cyclins D1 and E status and survival data will be needed to elucidate the use of cyclin expressions as prognostic factor.
Blotting, Northern ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin E ; Cyclins* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice* ; Plants, Medicinal* ; Sarcoma 180* ; Sarcoma*

The Epidemiological study of glaucoma in Korean is essential because the prevalence and distribution of glaucoma can be different among race and country. We surveyed the prevalence and distribution of glaucoma in Korean careerrnen aged 20 years or older who visited Yongdong Severance Hospital to undergo a regular physical examination during the year of 1992 and the total number of subjects examined was 4959 adults. A mainstay of the screening consisted of applanation tonometry and direct ophthalmoscopy, followed by automatic perimetry as a recall examination. Patients with suspected abnormalities in either the IOP >or=22mmHg or the optic disc findings such as high cup/disc ratio (>or=0.7) were referred for recall examination as the second stage of the visual field test. Overall prevalence of glaucoma obtained was 2.04% (101 patients) and the most common type of glaucoma was low tension glaucoma, 1.71% (85 patients). The prevalence of glaucoma increase with aging especially in low tension glaucoma.
Adult ; Aging ; Continental Population Groups ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Manometry ; Mass Screening ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence* ; Visual Field Tests

No abstract available.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Mice*

It was previously reported that sudden loss of central vision and small residual fields in advanced glaucomatous eyes after filtering surgery. This study was undertaken to assess the risk of sudden wipe-out phenomenon on 57 eyes of advanced glaucomatous patients who could be followed up at least 8 weeks after filterlng surgery. The eyes were classified into three categones according to the seventy of visual field loss, evaluated with Humphrey computerized visual field analyzer and Goldmann perimetry using target with I-4-e. Sudden wipe-out phenomenon was divided into absolute and relative. The former was sudden complete loss of central vision immediately after filtering surgery. The latter was visual acuity decreasing 2 or more lines in Snellen visual acuity chart compared with before surgery or obvious progress1on of visual field defect at the t1me of 8 to 1O weeks after surgery However there were no absolute and relative sudden wipe-out phenomenon in our study. In the light of our experiences, it is concluded that filtering surgery can be performed with caution in advanced glaucomatous eye whenever it is indicated.
Filtering Surgery ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

Early detection of glaucoma by mass screening is the most practical approach for prevention of blindness. An epidemIOlogical study gives the most essential information on prevalence an distribution of the disease in relation to diverse background factors. But, before now, an epidemiological study for glaucoma has not been carried out in Korea. Our glaucoma survey was conducted in the health examination center of Yongdong Severance hospital during 1990 and 1991. The total numbers of subjects examined was 4424 persons aged 30 years or older. A mainstay of the screening consisted of applanation tonometry and fundus photography with a non-mydriatic camera, followed by automated perimetry as a recall examination. Overall prevalences of glaucoma obtained were primary open angle glaucoma 0.23% (10 patients), low tension glaucoma 2.04% (108 patients), and ocular hypertension 0.23% (10 patients). The mean lOP obtained with applanation tonometry was 14.04 +/- 2.99 mmHg for men and 14,07 +/- 2.67 mmHg for women. In additon, our data have pointed out that the lOP in different ages tends to be constant, whereas prevalences of glaucoma and low tension glaucoma increase with aging.
Adult* ; Aging ; Blindness ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Korea ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Male ; Manometry ; Mass Screening ; Ocular Hypertension ; Photography ; Prevalence* ; Visual Field Tests

Measurement of the depth and angle of the anterior chamber can provide valuable information for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of angle closure glaucoma. We measured the depth and angle of the peripheral anterior chamber in the normal and the angle closure glaucoma eyes by utilizing ultrasonographic biomicroscopy. We also measured the 4 directions of the depth and angle of the peripheral anterior chamber and iris thickness before and after dilation in the normal eyes. The mean depth and angle of the peripheral anterior chamber were 421 +/- 73 micro meter, 30.46 +/- 6.49 degree in the normal eyes and 294 +/- 25 micro meter, 29.12 +/- 3.75 degree in the angle closure glaucoma eyes respectively. The differences of the depth and angle of the peripheral anterior chamber between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05, respectively). The depth and angle of the peripheral anterior chamber significantly increased after dilation in the normal eyes(P<0.05, respectively). The thickness of the iris was 421 +/- 54 micro meter at the iris root site, 509 +/- 57 micro meter in at the middle site and 582 +/- 74 micro meter at the pupillary margin site.
Anterior Chamber* ; Diagnosis ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Iris* ; Microscopy, Acoustic* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVES: Hemophilia B has been known to result from more than 500 kinds of mutations. And it is difficult to find out a mutation specific for each family. Therefore, linkage analysis of DNA polymorphism within or near the factor IX gene has been frequently used in the clinical practice for molecular genetic diagnosis of hemophilia B. But the ethnic variation makes more difficult to apply useful markers in Caucasian population. To investigate the usefulness of the MseI and HhaI polymorphism in Korean population, we analysed the MseI and HhaI polymorphism. METHODS: Forty-five normal Korean and thirteen parents of the hemophilia B patients, using PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. RESULTS: The heterozygosity rate of MseI polymorphism was 49.7% and that of HhaI polymorphism was 25.5%. CONCLUSION: These data indicated that PCR-based analysis of MseI and HhaI polymorphism of factor IX was useful in molecular genetic diagnosis of hemophilia B in Korean population.
Diagnosis* ; DNA* ; Factor IX* ; Hemophilia A* ; Hemophilia B* ; Humans ; Molecular Biology* ; Parents ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Restriction Mapping

No abstract available.
Genetic Therapy* ; Oligonucleotides*