No abstract available.
Amino Acids* ; Animals ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Horns* ; Neurons* ; Rats* ; Receptors, GABA*

Tri- and tetra-cyclic antidepressants are known to cause dry mouth among other several major complications. The present study was designed to compare the degree of reduced salivation due to antidepressants and to explore whether intracellular calcium-increasing agents ameliorate the salivation. Effects of antidepressants and agents increasing intracellular calcium on the cholinergic submandibular secretion and blood flow induced by the chorda stimulation or intra-arterial acetylcholine were observed in anesthetized cats. Effects of antidepressants and calcium-mobilizing agents on K+ efflux were also observed in excised gland slices. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Salivary secretion in response to the chorda stimulation (3 V, 20 Hz, 1 msec) was significantly attenuated by antidepressants in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the blood flow was not affected. 2. Salivary secretion and increased blood flow evoked by intra-arterial acetylcholine (20 microgram/kg) were markedly diminished by antidepressants, the magnitude of which was amitryptyline>imipramine >mianserin in order. 3. Cholinergic salivation was significantly decrease by cyclopiazonic acid, a calcium pump inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum, or by BAPTA/AM, a specific intracellular calcium chelator. 4. Caffeine and ryanodine potentiated the cholinergic salivation and ameliorated the depressed salivary secreation due to antidepressants. 5. Calcium ionophore A 23187 ameliorated the depressed salivation due to antidepressants. 6. Antidepressants inhibited the K+ efflux, which were restored by caffeine or A 23187. These results suggest that the depressed salivary secreation due to antidepressants is ameliorated by increasing intracellular calcium levels.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; Caffeine ; Calcimycin ; Calcium* ; Cats ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Mouth ; Ryanodine ; Salivation*

The tension lowering effects of Diamox and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are well known and they are widely used against a various forms of glaucomas. This paper deals with the clinical experiences in normal and glaucomatous human eyes with Diamox-Sequels, kindly supplied by Lederle Laboratories and Yuhan Corp. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal healthy persons, 15 females and 20 males, were studied on their 45 eyes. Glaucomatous disease had been ruled out by careful examinations of intraocular pressure, visual fields and fundus. They had been also checked for the diurnal variations of intraocular pressure during the daytime. One capsule (500mg) of Diamox Sequels was given to each individual and the changes in the intraocular pressure were studied at various time intervals up to 53 hours after the administration. Tonometry was carried out by the Goldmann's applanation tonometer. The effects of Diamox Sequels on the glaucomatous eyes were studied in the same way. The glaucomatous eyes included 10 eyes of 7 chronic simple glaucoma patients, 5 eyes of 3 chronic narrow-angle glaucoma patients and 5 eyes of 5 secondary glaucoma subjects. They received one capsule of Diamox Sequels and the intraocular pressure was measured one or two times daily. The results of long-term treatment were also studied by daily administration of one capsule of Diamox Sequels, follow-up periods being from 3 to 19 days. No medication, oral or local, of antiglaucomatous drugs were allowed for at least 3 days prior to this study. The differences due to age, sex and type of glaucoma were not considered here. At the same time, the effects of a single 500mg of ordinary Diamox tablet were studied in normal ~md glaucomatous eyes. RESULTS: (1) Normal eyes. The intraocular pressure began to fall 1 hour after the administration. The tension gradually fell and the maximal reduction of tension occurred after 9.8 hours and the extent of maximal fall was 4.5mm Hg on the average, 29.4 % of the original intraocular pressure. The tension gradually rose and returned to the original level between 23~50 hours (average 43 hours). Side effects were noted in 4 cases, e.g., 11.4 %. (2) Glaucomatous eyes. The effects were noted within the first 1~2 hours and became maximal after 13 hours, the extent of the maximal fall 40.1 % of the original pressure, e.g., 16.2 mmHg. The original tension was restored after 30 hours. By long-term administration of Diamox Sequels, 8 eyes(40 %) showed excellent results, their intraocular pressure maintained below 21 mmHg. Sede-effects were noted in 3 cases(20.0 %). COMMENTS: The effects of Diamox Sequels and Diamox tablet on normal and glaucomatous subjects were summarized in table 1. As shown, Diamox Sequels has the longer duration of hypotensive actions and the time of maximal fall of intraocular pressure delayed considerably, as compared with Diamox tablet. In almost all cases, its action continued for more than 24 hours. In glaucomatous eyes, the time of maximal reduction of ocular tension was slightly later and the maintenance of low tension was slightly shorter than those in normal eyes. The extent of the maximal fall, however, was almost the same after administration of Diamox Sequels and Diamox. Side effects were encountered in 11~20% of cases by Diamox Sequels, and in 40-60% of cases by Diamox. This is one of the most striking advantages of Diamox Sequels over Diamox. Thus it is concluded that Diamox Sequels has the longer hypotensive actions and fewer side effects.
Acetazolamide* ; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Manometry ; Strikes, Employee ; Visual Fields

No abstract available.
Torticollis*

No abstract available.
Arthroscopy* ; Elbow*

The degenerative arthritis following total menisectomy has led to consideration of the need for meniscal transplantation, this study evaluates the morphologic and histologic changes fol lowing fresh meniscal autograft and allograft in therabbits. Transplantation of the medial meniscus was carried out in two groups of 32 rabbits(autograft group=16 rabbits, allograft group=16 rabbits). The morphological and histological changes of the transplanted auto-and allografted menisci and the articular cartilage of the medial femoral and tibial condyle were observed at 2,4,6,8,10,12,22,28 weeks postoperatively. There were no significant differences between auto and allograft groups in gross appearance. Histologically, the fibrous adhesion was noted between grafted meniscus and joint capsule 2 weeks after operation, but complete healing was seen at the suture sites without rejection phenomenon at 6 weeks in both groups. There were prominent inflammatory reactions such as lymphocytes and inflammatory cells infiltration during early postoperative stages(2,4 weeks) only in the allograft group, and more prominent fibrotic reactions in the allograft group than auto-graft group. The results of this study suggest that meniscal allografts are able to adapt to the host tissues, survive within the joint environment, and provide a functional replacement for the removed meniscus, but further studies for graft-host immune response and a method to take the maintenance and deposits of graft must be needed to perform the meniscal allograft in human.
Allografts ; Autografts ; Cartilage, Articular ; Humans ; Joint Capsule ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Lymphocytes ; Menisci, Tibial ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Rabbits ; Sutures ; Transplants

A sensitive thermometer utilizing thermistor as a sensing element has been constructed in order to measure the temperatures in various ocular tissues. The Wheatstone bridge was used to detect the changes in thermistor resistance. The out-put of the bridge was fed into a single-stage differential DC amplifier and read by an micro-ammeter. There was a linear relationship between temperature and meter scale. The thermistor was inserted into the inferior conjunctival sacs of 158 healthy normal human eyes. The average temperature was found to be 35.14 +/- 1.08 (in C). No difference due to sex and age distribution was found to exists. Preliminary temperature measurement has been done on rabbits. Their results are shown graphically in Fig. 3.
Age Distribution ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Thermometers*

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of phase I cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) on physical capacity in patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Eighty seven patients who underwent CABG in our hospital were enrolled on the study. Among them, excluding 17 during the study, the results of 70 patients were included in the final data. Subjects were classified into two groups according to the participation in the phase I CRP; participation group (n=35) and non-participation group (n=35). The CR was executed for the participation group until patients' discharge. The variables including resting heart rate (RHR), oxygen saturation, walking distance in 6 minutes, and forced expiration amount were measured at initial phase, discharge and follow-up at 1 month after discharge. From the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) were calculated, and differences in each variable before, during, after the treatment and between groups were tested using repeated measure analysis of variance using SPSS ver. 18.0 statistics program for Window. For the effects and results with a statistical significance, post-hoc test was made using t-test. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the RHR and the walking distance in 6 minutes. While there was no significant difference in the oxygen saturation and the maximum expiration amount. As conclusion, the Phase I CRP after CABG showed a effect on the significant improvement of physical capacity by decreasing the RHR and increasing the walking distance in 6 minutes, exerting a positive influence on the recovery after the CABG operation.
Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Vessels ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Transplants ; Walking

No abstract available.
Busan* ; Infection Control*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Renal Veins* ; Thrombosis*