Fibrovascular ingrowth of 55 cases of intraorbital hydroxyapatite sphere was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging about 5 months postoperatively at the Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine from April 1993 through May 1998. Of them, evisceration was performed in 35 cases; enucleation in 14 cases, and secondary implantation in 6 cases. Fibrovascularization was classified into 4 groups by width and strength of enhancement, Grade 3-4 and 5 cases showed delayed fibrovascularization, Grade 1. Driling for peg could be performed within 1 month in the cases with Grade 3 fibrovasculariztion. In cases of delayed fibrovascularizated Grade 1 or Grade 2, driling should be performed after confirmation of complete fibrovascular ingrowth by repeated magnetic resonance imaging.
Durapatite* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Ophthalmology ; Orbit*

Purpose: Regular aerobic exercise improves exercise capacity and quality of life in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), but it remains unclear whether aerobic exercise would improve vascular function in children with CHD. We tested the hypothesis that acute bout of virtual reality (VR) exergame would improve vascular function in children with CHD. Methods: In a single-arm study, eight children (age, 9±1 years; five males) with CHD participated in VR exergame (30 minutes at 40% of heart rate reserve) using a stationary cycle ergometer with a head mount display. Endothelial function and arterial stiffness as surrogate markers of vascular function were assessed via reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AIx) using peripheral arterial tonometry at baseline and 30 minutes after VR exergame. Results: Compared to baseline, VR exergame improved in RHI (1.08 [0.96–1.30] to 1.16 [1.09–1.36], p＜ 0.05) and natural log transformed RHI (0.07 [−0.04–0.26] to 0.15 [0.09–0.31], p＜ 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed for decrease AIx (−1.00 [−9.00–9.50] to −7.00 [−14.00–8.75], p=0.547) and AIx@75 (−6.50 [9.75–3.50] to −4.50 [−13.00–4.50], p=0.735) (all index values are reported as median [interquartile range]). Conclusion These findings suggest that a single bout of VR exergame has the potential to improve vascular endothelial function in children with CHD.

Purpose: Numerous studies have reported the effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with aerobic exercise on vascular and postprandial function, but the effects of resistance exercise for interrupting prolonged sitting remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that intermittent resistance activity breaks would attenuate prolonged sittinginduced vascular and postprandial metabolic dysfunction. Methods: Fourteen healthy adults (age, 24±2 years; body mass index, 22.0±2.4 kg/m2 ) completed two trials in a randomized cross-over design. During a 4-hour sitting after a high-fat meal, the participants underwent either resistance activity (RA) with 10 repetitions of five exercises every hour or uninterrupted sitting as a control trial (SIT). Plasma glucose, triglycerides, and brachial artery blood pressure, along with blood flow and shear rate in the superficial femoral artery and carotid artery were measured at baseline and every hour during the 4-hour sitting period. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured at baseline, 2 hours, and 4 hours after the start of the sitting. Results: Plasma glucose and triglycerides increased after a high-fat meal in both RA and SIT groups without a significant interaction effect. In addition, while SIT group decreased brachial artery FMD (7.2%±2.0% to 6.5%±2.7% to 5.1%±2.6%), RA did not attenuate a decrease in FMD (7.6%±3.4% to 7.3%±3.1% to 6.7%±2.7%, interaction p=0.581). Conclusion Our findings indicate that interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent RA did not attenuate the negative effects of sitting on vascular function and postprandial metabolism in young healthy adults.

Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported to be the most common pathogen causing pyogenic liver abscess. K. pneumoniae liver abscess occurs fairly often in patients with diabetes mellitus, and is commonly associated with metastatic infections such as brain abscess, endophthalmitis, lung abscess, osteomyelitis, prostatitis, necrotizing fasciitis and infection in other sites. Although septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) is uncommon, it is a serious metastatic complication of K. pneumoniae liver abscess. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans are crucial in making the early diagnosis of SPE; however, it does not provide the basis for a definitive diagnosis. A 70-year-old man was referred to the Department of Pulmonology due to cough and an abnormal chest radiography. The chest CT scans revealed relatively well-demarcated, round multiple nodules with peripheral preponderance, cavitary mass in the right upper lobe of the lung and low-density hepatic cystic masses. Bronchoscopic examination and percutaneous needle aspiration of the lung were performed, but there was no evidence of malignancy. Finally, K. pneumoniae was grown from a bronchial washing specimen and blood culture. Intravenous carbapenem was administered over a 3-week period and follow-up CT scans showed improvement in both the lung and the liver. We report a case of K. pneumoniae liver abscess complicated with SPE requiring differential diagnosis of hematogenous metastatic malignancy on CT scans in an elderly patient.
Aged ; Brain Abscess ; Cough ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Liver Abscess* ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic ; Liver* ; Lung ; Lung Abscess ; Needles ; Osteomyelitis ; Pneumonia ; Prostatitis ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Pulmonary Medicine ; Radiography ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Sevoflurane anesthesia is associated with emergence agitation in children. This study examined the effect of a single intraoperative dose of ketamine and fentanyl on emergence agitation in children undergoing an adenotonsillectomy. METHODS: Ninety children, 3-10 years old, undergoing an adenotonsillectomy were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either normal saline (control group), ketamine 1 mg/kg (group K), or fentanyl 1microgram/kg (group F) after inducing anesthesia. Ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg was used for postoperative analgesia, and the anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. The recovery characteristics, including the time to extubation, the discharge time from the PACU, agitation, pain, and vomiting were assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the three groups regarding the time to extubation and discharge from the PACU. The incidence of emergence agitation in the control group, group K, and group F was 46.7%, 13.3%, and 33.3%, respectively. The incidence of emergence agitation and the pain score were significantly lower in group K than in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of vomiting was similar in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Children undergoing tonsillectomy with sevoflurane and 1 mg/kg of ketamine given after induction had a reduced incidence of emergence agitation without a delay in recovery. However 1microgram/kg of fentanyl had no effect on the incidence of emergence agitation.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia* ; Child* ; Dihydroergotamine* ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Ketamine* ; Ketorolac ; Tonsillectomy* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Gross anatomy and sectional anatomy of a monkey should be known by students and researchers of veterinary medicine and medical research. However, materials to learn the anatomy of a monkey are scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to produce a Visible Monkey data set containing cross sectional images, computed tomographs (CTs), and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of a monkey whole body. METHODS: Before and after sacrifice, a female rhesus monkey was used for 3 Tesla MRI and CT scanning. The monkey was frozen and sectioned at 0.05 mm intervals for the head region and at 0.5 mm intervals for the rest of the body using a cryomacrotome. Each sectioned surface was photographed using a digital camera to obtain horizontal sectioned images. Segmentation of sectioned images was performed to elaborate three-dimensional (3D) models of the skin and brain. RESULTS: A total of 1,612 horizontal sectioned images of the head and 1,355 images of the remaining region were obtained. The small pixel size (0.024 mm × 0.024 mm) and real color (48 bits color) of these images enabled observations of minute structures. CONCLUSION: Due to small intervals of these images, continuous structures could be traced completely. Moreover, 3D models of the skin and brain could be used for virtual dissections. Sectioned images of this study will enhance the understanding of monkey anatomy and foster further studies. These images will be provided to any requesting researcher free of charge.
Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ; Brain ; Dataset ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Head ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Primates ; Skin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Veterinary Medicine

Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Numismatics ; Palate ; Prognosis ; Recurrence