General information is summarized, that is necessary to introduce a scientific assessment of the human health and exposure issue concerning dioxin and dioxin-like compound. Scientific literatures were reviewed to assess the background exposures to the dioxin-like compounds for normal residents. Epidemiologic studies were also reviewed to assess malignant and nonmalignant effects of dioxins. In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a human carcinogen, primarily based on occupational cohort studies. The US Environmental Protection Agency made the same decision in it's Draft Dioxin Reassessment. Epidemiologic evidences point to a generalized excess of all cancers, without any pronounced excess at specific sites. Reported non-cancer effects included a range of conditions affecting most systems. Among them, chloracne, elevation in gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alterations in reproductive hormones are related to TCDD. Other adverse outcomes, such as lipid concentrations, diabetes, circulatory and heart diseases, immunologic disorders, neurobehavioral effects, and developmental outcomes require further study before their respective relationships to TCDD can be more definitively assessed.
Chloracne ; Cohort Studies ; Dioxins* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Heart Diseases ; Humans* ; International Agencies ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin ; Transferases ; United States Environmental Protection Agency

To measure the mutagenic activity of micro-organic pollutants in drinking water, mutagenic test was conducted using Salmnella typhimurium TA 98 strain on the water sample taken from three water supply station and six tap water in Seoul in July and November 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The average amounts of organic matters in raw, treated, and tap water sampled in July were 0.38mg/l, 0.28mg/l, and 0.45mg/l, respectively, and sampled in November were 0.34mg/l, 0.24mg/l, and 0.22mg/l, respectively. The amount of organic matters of tap water sampled in November did not increase while that of tap water sampled in July increased compare to those of raw or treated water. 2. The amount of organic matters is the highest in neutral fraction compare to acidic and basic fractions. 3. In the five out of six tap water and raw water of Paldang and Kuui station sampled in July, the mutagenic ratios were greater than two (both direct and indirect mutagenicity). 4. In the three out six tap water and raw and treated water of Kuui station sampled in November, the mutagenic ratios were greater than two. 5. While mutagenic were low in acidic and basic fraction, they were high in neutral fraction. The samples which had high mutagenic activity in the total amount also showed high mutagenic activity in neutral fraction. 6. While mutagenic activity was decreased after the treatment of water, it was increased in tap water as the distance from the water supply station increases.
Drinking Water* ; Drinking* ; Seoul* ; Water ; Water Supply

No abstract available.
Dimethylformamide* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver*

Adenomyotic cyst is very rare disease, their sizes are mostly lesser 5mm. The intrauterine adenomyotic cyst may arise from progressive expansion of cyst due to progressive menstrual bleeding. Authors experienced a case of large adenomyotic cyst within myometrium occuring in a l9-year-old woman, and who was accompanied with endometriosis. The cyst was about 3 x 3em sized, and had chocolate colored thick viscous contents, We experienced one case of adenomyotic cyst which was thought to be degenerated uterine myoma, so we report the case with a brief review of the concerned literatures.
Animals ; Cacao ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Mice ; Myometrium* ; Rare Diseases

We compared the pain produced during different phases of phacoemulsification cataract surgery using a scleral pocket incision under pinpoint anesthesia with that under intracameral anesthesia. This prospective study comprised each 100 cataract patients who had no complications influencing the degree of pain during surgery. Patients were asked about pain immediately after each phase and pain occurring during each phase was measured using 4 step verbal scale(from 0 to 4). In both anesthesia,conjunctival reposition was the most painful.Pinpoint injection was statistically significantly more painful than induction of intracameral anesthesia.The pain score during conjunctival reposition and at 1hr after surgery were significantly higher under intracameral anesthesia than under pinpoint, but during most of phases under both anesthesia,the pain score was relatively low. Intracameral anesthesia is easy,safety and dose not require additional ocular damage during induction of anesthesia,so if combined with topical anesthesia,it is very effective during cataract surgery using scleral pocket incision.
Anesthesia* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Acute cholecystitis after cardiac surgery is rare but carries a high mortality. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) is effective and useful device for mechanical assistance for heart. We reported a case of 34-year-old patient who had experienced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure during cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis after cardiac surgery. Thus, the patient was mechanically supported with IABP and hemodynamics and cardiac function were improved.
Adult ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Heart ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Thoracic Surgery

Recently physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model has important role in industrial and environmental health. One of problem in application of PB-PK models is that they have uncertainties that is due to different input parameters according to authors. In order to develope a PB-PK model that hag good validity, the effect of several input parameters on simulation results was studies. Chemicals studied were perchloroethylene, toluene and styrene. Simulation of alveolar concentration, blood concentration and urinary metabolites was performed for three solvents, respectively. Input parameters discusses were physiological parameters, metabolic parameters and partition coefficient of chemicals. By comparing simulation results according to several pairs of parameters with experimental data, input parameters that showed best fit were decided.
Environmental Health ; Solvents ; Styrene ; Tetrachloroethylene ; Toluene ; Volatile Organic Compounds*