No abstract available.
Twins, Conjoined*

No abstract available.
Twins, Conjoined*

Two cases of vaginal injury due to Coitus are presented. One is the case of the laceration of midportion of posterior vaginal wall with shock and the other one in the laceration of posterior vaginal fornix and pelvic peritoneum. They are all in multiparity. And a review of literature on vaginal injury due to coitus is made briefly.
Coitus* ; Female ; Lacerations ; Parity ; Peritoneum ; Shock

The effectiveneas of compression plate fixation in promoting fracture healing could be due to a specific stimulus of compression on bone formation or to enhanced immobilization. ASI type heavy plate fixation for fracture of the femoral shaft was examined on occasions in three patient in the period 1971–1973. We believe that the major effect of the compression as applied through a compression plate is that of enhanced stabilization.
Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Osteogenesis

PURPOSE: Based on the questionnaires for dry eyes in 2006, we have investigated the current status and new trends in the recognition and management of the dry eye. METHODS: We ask the 15 questionnaires to 197 ophthalmologists. After reorganizing the data based on each questions, we compared the result with the most current studies in Korea and other countries as well. Then, we report the current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye. RESULTS: Dry eye patients account for take up about 20-30% of total outpatients and it is currently accepted etiology that dry eye inflammation is related to the function of the immune system. Patient's symptoms and slit lamp examination are important for diagnosis. An anti-inflammatory therapy is needed for patients with moderate to severe dry eye. CONCLUSIONS: Increasingly, there are positive attitudes toward accepting that persistent dry eye is an inflammatory disease; therefore, there are increases in use of an anti-inflammatory agent for treatment.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immune System ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety of posterior subtenon's injection of triamcinolone acetonide (PSTA) after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA). METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 34 patients who had previously treated with IVTA. Patients were categorized as steroid responder or non-responder. Responders were defined as having a relative intraocular pressure increase of 5 mmHg and absolute intraocular pressure greater than 24 mmHg. Relative risk of intraocular pressure was prospectively evaluated after PSTA. RESULT: Eighteen eyes were categorized as steroid responders after IVTA injection and sixteen eyes were categorized as non-responders. For the actual amount of increase in the intraocular pressures, the steroid responder group (39%) was shown to be statistically higher than the non-responder group (6%) (P=0.044). However, the mean pressure values did not show a significant difference (P>0.05). Only one eye required the use of glaucoma medications and the intraocular pressure remained normal after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: PSTA is a relatively safe treatment method after IVTA injection regardless of steroid responsiveness.
Eye ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Prospective Studies ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Recent reports have noted the increase of and questioned the justification for cesarean section rate in the past decade. This study was carried out retrospectively based on the clinical charts of 510 patients who had been performed cesarean section among 3,357 deliveries at Yeungnam University Hospital from May, 9, 1983 through Nov., 30, 1986. The results were as follows 1. Overall incidence of cesarean section was 15.7% of total deliveries. Of these, 10.9% were by primary cesarean section and 4.7% by repeat operation. There has been a gradual increase in the cesarean section rate. 2. In the distribution of age, the 26-30 aged group was the most prevalent (60.2%). 3. The most common indications for cesarean section were previous cesarean section (30.2%), CPD (26.9%), malpresentation (22.7%), and fetal distress (3.5%). In primipara, CPD was the most frequent and in multipara malpresentation. 4. A great proportion (31.6%) was done at 40th gestational week. 5. In the weight distribution of infants, the group of 3,000-3,499 gm was the most prevalent (39.8%), premature baby was 9.1%, and giant baby was 5.6%. 6. In the type of operation, lower segment transverse cesarean section was the most (97.5%). 7. In the combined surgery, sterilization was the most prevalent and the next was ovarian cystectomy, hysterectomy, and myomectomy in order. 8. In the type of the anesthesia, general anesthesia was 83.5%. 9. Maternal morbidity was 14.7. Among the cause of this morbidity, wound infection was the most and the next was urinary tract infection, fever of unknown origin. and atonic bleeding in order. 10. It was found that 18.4% was maternal morbidity in the patients below 10 gm Hb. In this group, maternal morbidity was markedly increased as the level of Hb was decreased. 11. Maternal morbidity was increased as the duration of ruptured membrane was prolonged. In the group of over 24 hours after rupture of membrane, it was markedly increased (44.4%). 12. Maternal morbidity was increased as the duration of labor was prolonged. In the group of over 12 hours after the onset of labor, it was 24.6%. 13. Maternal morbidity of lower segment transverse cesarean section was the least (14.1%). 14. Maternal morbidity of emergency cesarean section was about two times as much as elective cesarean section.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Cesarean Section* ; Cystectomy ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Infant ; Membranes ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Sterilization ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Wound Infection

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to accumulate the knowledge about medical abortion by assessment of the efficacy of medical abortion using methotrexate and misoprostol versus misoprostol in early pregnancy. METHODS: The 35 women at less than 56 days' gestation underwent medical abortion were reviewed prospectively. Seventeen women (group 1) underwent medical abortion using methotrexate with misoprostol and eighteen women (group 2) underwent using misoprostol alone. We measured percent change of serum beta-hCG, successful abortion, duration of vaginal bleeding, side effects. RESULTS: Overall success rate was 91.4%: success rate in group 1 was 100%, 84.2% in group 2. Vaginal bleeding lasted for a mean of 12 days (group 1), and 10 days (group 2). Percent change of serum beta-hCG level from day 1 to day 4 was 93.1 (group1), and -68.0 (group 2), that from day 1 to day 7 was -90.6 (group 1), and -97.6 (group 2). Side effects were minimal. CONCLUSION: No significant difference between group 1 (methotrexate and misoprostol) and group 2 (misoprostol alone) was found. Medical abortion is considered to be the therapy that is safe, and effective procedure in early pregnancy.
Female ; Humans ; Methotrexate* ; Misoprostol* ; Pregnancy* ; Prospective Studies ; Uterine Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) is a refractive surgery technique in which the cornea is covered with the epithelial flap after keratectomy. However, there have been reports of tissue damage by the alcohol utilized in this procedure while preparing the epithelial flap, which has led to novel methods. One of these is the mechanical designing of the epithelial flap named epipolis laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (Epi-LASIK). This study evaluates the histologic features and wound healing process of the corneal flap using Epi-Tome, which is the epithelial cutter of the newly introduced Epi-Lasik. METHODS: Twenty-four eyes of 12 dogs were devided into two groups. In one group (n=12), 20% alcohol was used and, in the other group (n=12), Epi-Tome (Gebauer, Germany) was used to make a corneal flap. The size change of a fluorescein-stained epithelial defect was followed postoperatively at 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours. RESULTS: The maximum decrease in defect size were observed at 0 to 6 hours in the Epi-Tome group, and from 6 to 12 hours in the alcohol group; the value were 10.01+/-5.32 mm2 and 9.23+/-4.75 mm2 respectively. Histologic review revealed that there was less tissue damage and smoother cut edge in the Epi-Tome group compared to the alcohol group, and the adhesion between stroma and epithelium was faster in the Epi-Tome group. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanically detached corneal flaps had favorable chances of survival such that re-epithelialization occurred early in the postoperative phase. A few epithelial fragments at a corneal section plane prevent corneal opacification and minimize inflammatory reaction, thus reducing postoperative pain.
Animals ; Cornea ; Dogs ; Epithelium ; Pain, Postoperative ; Re-Epithelialization ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Background/Aims: The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for treating undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer is controversial. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to compare the long-term outcomes of ESD and surgery for undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were used to search for relevant studies comparing ESD and surgery for undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer. The methodological quality of the included publications was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Nonrandomized Studies. The rates of overall survival, recurrence, adverse event, and complete resection were determined. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also evaluated. Results: This meta-analysis enrolled five studies with 429 and 1,236 participants undergoing ESD and surgery, respectively. No significant difference was found in the overall survival rate between the ESD and surgery groups (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 0.98–5.36; p=0.06). However, ESD was associated with a higher recurrence rate and a lower complete resection rate. The adverse event rate was similar between the two groups. Conclusions ESD with meticulous surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy may be as effective and safe as surgery in patients with undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer. Further large-scale, randomized, controlled studies from additional regions are required to confirm these findings.