PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of olopatadine and ketotifen to stabilize mast cells using human umbilical cord blood-derived mast cells (hCBMCs). METHODS: Using cultured hCBMCs, we divided the cells into the Ketotifen fumarate treatment group, the Olopatadine hydrochloride treatment group, the positive control group, and the negative control group. The histamine release inhibition rate was then observed. RESULTS: Ketotifen and olopatadine both showed the highest inhibition rate of histamine release at a concentration of 10(-3.5)M (Ketotifen, 48% and Olopatadine, 62%). The histamine release inhibition rate of olopatadine was 28% at a concentration of 10(-5.5)M, but ketotifen demonstrated a low histamine release inhibition rate at the same concentration. Ketotifen and olopatadine showed no histamine release inhibition at concentrations of 10(-2)~10(-2.5)M, and 10(-6)M. CONCLUSIONS: Ketotifen and olopatadine demonstrated histamine inhibition in the concentration range of 10(-3) to 10(-5)M. Olopatadine showed a slightly stronger response than ketotifen in the inhibition of histamine release.
Histamine ; Histamine Release ; Humans* ; Ketotifen* ; Mast Cells* ; Umbilical Cord* ; Olopatadine Hydrochloride

To report keratitis with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, which occurred in a healthy patient after wearing contact lenses for 6 months. A 24-year-old male patient visited our hospital with ocular pain. This patient had a history of wearing soft contact lenses for 6 months, about 10 hours per day. At initial presentation, slit lamp examination showed corneal stromal infiltrations and small epithelial defect. Microbiological examinations were performed from corneal scrapings, contact lenses, and the contact lens case and solution. The culture results from contact lenses, contact lens case and solution were all positive for Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. Thus, we could confirm that the direct cause of keratitis was contamination of the contact lenses. The patient was treated with 0.3% gatifloxacin. After treatment, the corneal epithelial defect was completely healed, and a slight residual subepithelial corneal opacity was observed. We diagnosed keratitis with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica in a healthy young male wearing soft contact lenses. We conclude that Elizabethkingia meningoseptica should be considered as a rare but potential pathogen for lens-related keratitis in a healthy host.
*Chryseobacterium ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic/*adverse effects/*microbiology ; Flavobacteriaceae Infections/*complications ; Humans ; Keratitis/*etiology/*microbiology ; Male ; Young Adult

To report keratitis with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, which occurred in a healthy patient after wearing contact lenses for 6 months. A 24-year-old male patient visited our hospital with ocular pain. This patient had a history of wearing soft contact lenses for 6 months, about 10 hours per day. At initial presentation, slit lamp examination showed corneal stromal infiltrations and small epithelial defect. Microbiological examinations were performed from corneal scrapings, contact lenses, and the contact lens case and solution. The culture results from contact lenses, contact lens case and solution were all positive for Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. Thus, we could confirm that the direct cause of keratitis was contamination of the contact lenses. The patient was treated with 0.3% gatifloxacin. After treatment, the corneal epithelial defect was completely healed, and a slight residual subepithelial corneal opacity was observed. We diagnosed keratitis with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica in a healthy young male wearing soft contact lenses. We conclude that Elizabethkingia meningoseptica should be considered as a rare but potential pathogen for lens-related keratitis in a healthy host.
*Chryseobacterium ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic/*adverse effects/*microbiology ; Flavobacteriaceae Infections/*complications ; Humans ; Keratitis/*etiology/*microbiology ; Male ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of glucose concentrations on the formation of reactive oxygen products and cellular injury in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. METHODS: Human lens epithelial (HLE) cells were cultured with high glucose (200 mg/100 ml, 300 mg/100 ml, 400 mg/100 ml) and normal glucose (100 mg/100 ml) contained Modified Egle's Medium (MEM). The amounts of reactive oxygen products were assayed by dihydroethidium (DHE). Paraquat-induced cytotoxicity was determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 -diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. RESULTS Reactive oxygen products of human lens epithelial cells increased 110%, 250% and 630% in the high glucose (200 mg/100 ml, 300 mg/100 ml, 400 mg/100 ml) media compared to the normal glucose (100 mg/100 ml) media. The paraquat-induced cells toxicity was increased by the high glucose. CONCLUSIONS: High glucose increased the formation of reactive oxygen products in human lens epithelial cells. These results suggest that high glucose can induce cataract formation in diabetic patients.
Cataract ; Epithelial Cells* ; Glucose* ; Humans* ; Oxygen*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of glucose concentrations on the formation of reactive oxygen products and cellular injury in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. METHODS: Human lens epithelial (HLE) cells were cultured with high glucose (200 mg/100 ml, 300 mg/100 ml, 400 mg/100 ml) and normal glucose (100 mg/100 ml) contained Modified Egle's Medium (MEM). The amounts of reactive oxygen products were assayed by dihydroethidium (DHE). Paraquat-induced cytotoxicity was determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 -diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. RESULTS Reactive oxygen products of human lens epithelial cells increased 110%, 250% and 630% in the high glucose (200 mg/100 ml, 300 mg/100 ml, 400 mg/100 ml) media compared to the normal glucose (100 mg/100 ml) media. The paraquat-induced cells toxicity was increased by the high glucose. CONCLUSIONS: High glucose increased the formation of reactive oxygen products in human lens epithelial cells. These results suggest that high glucose can induce cataract formation in diabetic patients.
Cataract ; Epithelial Cells* ; Glucose* ; Humans* ; Oxygen*

PURPOSE: To introduce a more efficient and time-saving scleral fixation technique for a posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens and to report the clinical results. METHODS: A foldable acrylic 3-Piece IOL was sutured to the sclera via a small corneal incision. The guiding hollow needle was not used, which differs from other ab externo techniques. Instead, the curved long needle was directly pulled out through the cornea. The scleral flap was not used to bury the scleral suture knot; Instead, the scleral suture knot was translocated at the temporal area. RESULTS: A total of 30 cases were studied retrospectively. The mean follow-up period was 2 years. The IOL was correctly positioned in all cases. There were no major complications, such as endophthalmitis or suture erosion through the conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the authors' experience, the modified ab externo and one-knot technique is a faster and easier technique than the conventional ab externo technique.
Cornea ; Endophthalmitis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclera ; Sutures

PURPOSE: To introduce a more efficient and time-saving scleral fixation technique for a posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens and to report the clinical results. METHODS: A foldable acrylic 3-Piece IOL was sutured to the sclera via a small corneal incision. The guiding hollow needle was not used, which differs from other ab externo techniques. Instead, the curved long needle was directly pulled out through the cornea. The scleral flap was not used to bury the scleral suture knot; Instead, the scleral suture knot was translocated at the temporal area. RESULTS: A total of 30 cases were studied retrospectively. The mean follow-up period was 2 years. The IOL was correctly positioned in all cases. There were no major complications, such as endophthalmitis or suture erosion through the conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the authors' experience, the modified ab externo and one-knot technique is a faster and easier technique than the conventional ab externo technique.
Cornea ; Endophthalmitis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclera ; Sutures

PURPOSE: To investigate the regional characteristics and the factors that influence final visual acuity in corneal laceration and use the results for prevention and treatment of corneal laceration. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients who visited the Chosun University Medical Center from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010 were retrospectively surveyed. The incidence of corneal laceration, sex, age, monthly and seasonal distribution, cause, site and length of corneal laceration, secondary operation, complications, and ocular trauma score were reviewed statistically. In additional, the factors influencing visual prognosis were investigated. RESULTS: The incidence was more common in males (94.1%) and in the 6th-decade of life (29.4%). The corneal laceration was more common in the summer (38.2%) and in September (26.5%) and the most common cause was stone (39.7%) and metal (35.3%), respectively. The corneal laceration tended to occur at the corneal center. The most common first operation was primary closure (81.9%), and the secondary operation was most often performed due to a traumatic cataract (32.1%). The factors that significantly influenced the final visual acuity were initial visual acuity, length and site of laceration, and secondary operation. CONCLUSIONS: The present survey investigated the regional characteristics and important factors influencing final visual acuity. Results show initial visual acuity, the length and site of laceration, and the secondary operation significantly influenced final visual acuity.
Academic Medical Centers ; Cataract ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate choroidal blood flow changes in eyes with high myopia according to the pulsatile components of ocular blood flow analysis. METHODS: A total of 104 subjects (52 males and 52 females) were included in this study. One eye of each participant was randomly selected and assigned to one of four refractive groups, designated as, hyperopes (n = 20; refractive error, > or =+1.00 diopter [D]), emmetropes (n = 28; refractive error, +/-0.75 D), lower myopes (n = 33; refractive error, -1.00 to -4.75 D), and high myopes (n = 23; refractive error, < or =-5.00 D). Components of pulse amplitude (OBFa), pulse volume (OBFv), pulse rate (OBFr), and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) were analyzed using a blood flow analyzer. Intraocular pressure and axial length were measured. RESULTS: Pulsatile components of OBFa, OBFv, and POBF showed positive correlations with refractive error and showed negative correlations with axial length (r = 0.729, r = 0.772, r = 0.781, respectively, all p < 0.001; r = -0.727, r = -0.762, r = -0.771, respectively, all p < 0.001). The correlations of refractive error and axial length with OBFr were irrelevant (r = -0.157, p = 0.113; r = 0.123, p = 0.213). High myopes showed significantly lower OBFa, OBFv, and POBF than the other groups (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Axial length changes in high myopes potentially influence choroidal blood flow, assuming the changes are caused by narrowing of the choroidal vessel diameter and increasing rigidity of the choroidal vessel wall. These finding explains the influence of axial length on OBFa, OBFv, and POBF, but not on OBFr. Thus, changes in axial length and the possible influence of these changes on the physical properties of choroidal vessels is the mechanism believed to be responsible for putting high myopes at risk for ocular vascular diseases.
Adult ; *Axial Length, Eye ; Choroid/*blood supply ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myopia/diagnosis/*physiopathology ; Regional Blood Flow/*physiology ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of glucose concentrations on formation of reactive oxygen products and cellular activity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS: Human retinal pigment epithelial cells were cultured with high glucose (200 mg/100 ml, 300 mg/100 ml, 400 mg/100 ml) and normal glucose (100 mg/100 ml). The amounts of reactive oxygen products were assayed with dihydroethidium (DHE). Paraquat-induced cellular activity was determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. RESULTS: Reactive oxygen products of human retinal pigment epithelial cells were increased 120%, 250% and 390% in high glucose (200 mg/100 ml, 300 mg/100 ml, 400 mg/100 ml) media compared to those of normal glucose (100 mg/100 ml) media. Paraquat-induced cell toxicity was increased by high glucose concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: High glucose increased formation of reactive oxygen products in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. These results suggest that high glucose can make human retinal pigment epithelial cells more sensitive to oxidative cellular injury.
Epithelial Cells* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Oxygen* ; Retinaldehyde*