Intra-uterine fracture of normal bone is extremely rare. It was reported few cases in the other contries, but it was very rare in Korea. It is difficult to distinguish it from birth fracture and the other fractures or deformities seen at birth. The authors experienced a case of intra-uterine fracture of the femur in the middle third of the shaft, with abundant callus formation in infant without serious injury to the mother.
Bony Callus ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Femur ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Mothers ; Parturition

One of the complication during or after subclavian vein cannulation is intravascular catheter or wire embolization. Although some studies have reported safety of retaining foreign body embolization, and even death. The intravascular foreign body can be removed surgically or non-surgically. With improvement in instrument technology and technique, percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies has become a relatively common procedure. Commonly used methods to remove intravascular foreign bodies are loop snare and basket technique. Sometimes biopy forcep can be used. We have experienced 2 cases of non-surgical removal of intravascular foreign bodies. One of the foreign bodies was 7cm wire fragment in right atrium(RA), the other was a 50cm guide wire. We used the standard loop snare technique for removal of 7cm wire fragment in RA and stone removal basket and 3.0mm ACS PTCA balloon to remove the 50cm short guide wire.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Foreign Bodies* ; SNARE Proteins ; Subclavian Vein ; Surgical Instruments

Herniation after harvesting of deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap is a known but not a common complication. It occurs about 2.8 to 9 % according to the literatures and can proceed to a more severe complication such as bowel obstruction. There are several factors that exacerbate the risk: surgical factors, operator factor, and patient factors. Surgical factors include large anatomical defect and denervation of related muscles. Operator factor stands for unpunctual suture technique. Patient factors represent obesity, diabetes, pulmonary disease, smoking habits, and so on. Thus, herniation might occur regardless of meticulous suture. Herein, we would like to report two cases of herniation after DCIA flap harvesting and repaired by Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty with literature review.
Denervation ; Hernia ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Lung Diseases ; Muscles ; Obesity ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures

PURPOSE: To report on the incidence of EBVaGC and its associated clinical and pathological characteristics. METHODS: Between Nov. 1998 and Mar. 2000, 183 gastric cancers were resected, and the histology and lymphocytes infiltration reviewed. The EBVaGC was determined by EBER ISH, along with the clinical characteristics, such as sex distribution, tumor location, ABO blood group, status of H. pylori and postop survival. RESULTS: Out of 183 gastric adenocarcinomas 10 were EBVaGCs (5.5%), 7/129 males and 3/54 females. The incidences of EBVaGC, according to the WHO histology, were 7.1% (4/56) for tub. po, 9.3% (4/43) tub. mo, 4.1% (2/48) tub. well, 0/11 muc., 0/3 pap. and 0/22 sig. types. The incidences of EGVaGC, in relation to the severity of lymphocytic infiltration of tumor, were 0% (0/141) for Less- than-minimal, 21% (8/38) for Moderate and 50% (2/4) for Severe infiltration of the lymphocytes (P=0.000). The incidences of EGVaGC, according to the location of gastric cancer, were 26.3% (5/19), 7.3% (3/41) and 1.8% (2/110) for the upper, middle and lower stomach, respectively (P= 0.000). The incidences of EBVaGC were 3.1% (3/96) for stages I-II and 8% (7/87) for stages III-IV. The blood type distributions of the EBVaGCs, by the ABO blood group system were 3 A type, 6 B type, no O type and 1 AB type compared with 42.8% (74), 27.1% (47), 19.6% (34) and 10.5% (18) of A, B, O and AB with the 173 non EBVaGC P=0.079). The H. pylori status was positive in 9/10 EBVaGC, and in 157/163 (96.3%) of the non-EBVaGC. The survivals of the EBVaGC and non EBVaGC were 80 and 61.4% (105/171), rspectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of EBVaGC was 5.5%. There was no difference in the sex ratio with EBV ( )ve gastric cancer. Six out of the 10 EBVaGC were ABO blood group B.
ABO Blood-Group System ; Adenocarcinoma ; Busan ; Female ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Ratio ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Among various reconstructive methods of hypopharynx and esophagus, stomachs are widely used in total esophagectomized cases. Reversed gastric tube procedure is different from gastric transposition (gastric pull-up) and the procedure was rarely reported. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the complications and results of reversed gastric tube procedure. MAERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on the results of reversed gastric tube procedure for the reconstruction of pharynx and esophagus at Inha University Hospital from June 1996 to January 1998. Reversed gastric tube procedure was performed in six patients ; three patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, two patients with thyroid cancer and one patient with esophageal cancer. RESULTS: The success rate of the transferred gastric tube was 100%. Most common complication was pulmonary complication which was treated conservatively. There was no other serious complications. Oral feeding was well tolerated within two weeks by all except for one patient in whom intestinal obstruction occurred. One thyroid cancer patient who received manubriosternotomy and upper mediastinal dissection died 6 days following the surgey because of great vessel hemorrhage in the mediastinum. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the reversed gastric tube procedure was a safe method of reconstruction for patients with extensive tumors involving the cervical esophagus and requiring total esophagectomy.
Esophageal Neoplasms ; Esophagectomy ; Esophagus* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Hypopharynx* ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Mediastinum ; Pharynx ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach ; Thyroid Neoplasms

Agenesis of the right lobe of the liver is an extremely rare anomaly of the liver, and few cases are reported in the literature. Most of the patients with this anomaly are accompanied by additional anormalies such as retrohepatic or suprahepatic gallbladder and other biliary tract diseases, including cholelithiasis, carcinoma of the gallbladder and portal hypertension. The diagnosis of this rare anatomical variant was established by ultrasonography and computed tomography. The radiological findings, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis are reviewed.
Biliary Tract Diseases ; Cholelithiasis ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver* ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Patients with unstable angina or non Q wave myocardial infarction still have an elevated risk for subsequent cardiac events. Therefore early assessment of the risk of future cardiac events is important. In this study, prognostic value of troponin l and myoglobin was evaluated and compared with other known early available risk indicators. METHODS: Serum troponin l and myoglobin were measured at presentation and 8 hours, 16 hours, and 24 hours thereafter in 126 patients with unstable angina (n=70) or non Q myocardial infarction (n=56) from Jan 1998, through Feb 2000. Echocardiography was performed with calculation of wall motion score index. The incidence of cardiac death or myocardial infarction was compared between patients with normal troponin l, myoglobin and abnormal ones, respectively. RESULTS: (1) At 6 months, 1 death (2.2%) and 1 myocardial infarction (2.2%) occured in the 45 unstable angina patients with normal troponin l compared with 3 deaths (12.0%) and 8 myocardial infarctions (32.0%) in the 25 unstable angina patients with elevated troponin l. (2) At 6 months, 1 death (1.7%) and 3 myocardial infarctions (5.2%) occured in the 58 unstable angina patients with normal myoglobin compared with 3 deaths (25.0%) and 6 myocardial infarctions (50.0%) in the 12 unstable angina patients with elevated myoglobin.(3) When the analysis was limited to patients with normal baseline troponin l (< or = 0.4 ng/dl: n=45), increased myoglobin level remained significantly associated with increased incidence of cardiac deaths or myocardial infarction compared with normal myoglobin level (16.7% vs 0%). (4) Together with age, diabetes, wall motion score index, troponin I and myoglobin levels were identified as independent prognostic variables for myocardial infarction or cardiac death in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. (5) The maximal troponin l and myoglobin value obtained during the first 24 hours provides independent and important prognostic information regardless of whether the patient is classified as having unstable angina or non Q wave myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: The maximum troponin l and myoglobin obtained during the first 24 hours provides independent and important prognostic information in patients with unstable angina or non Q wave myocardial infarction.
Angina, Unstable ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Death ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myoglobin* ; Prognosis ; Troponin I ; Troponin*

Six strains of Sparassis crispa such as S. crispa DUM-01, DUM-02, DUM-03, DUM-04, DUM-05, and DUM-06 were tested for their mycelial growth on 6 different kinds of sawdust media and primordial formation on 10 different compositions of larch sawdust media. The highest mycelial growth was recorded on the larch sawdust. Of the 6 strains of S. crispa, S. crispa DUM-04 recorded the favorable formation of primordia. The primordial formation of S. crispa DUM-04 was more favorable on L-3 medium than 9 kinds of larch sawdust media. When S. crispa DUM-04 was cultured on the media of larch sawdust+pine sawdust, the formation of its fruiting bodies was more outstanding on the media of larch sawdust+pine sawdust than those of larch sawdust.
Fruit* ; Larix

Water extracts of six plants, such as Allium sativum, A. cepa, Zingiber officinale, Platycodon grandiflorum, Oenanthe javanica, and Capsella brusapastoris, were tested in vitro for inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of anthracnose fungi, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. dematium, and C. coccodes. Among the plant extracts, an Allium sativum extract has good inhibitory effects in all the fungi. Four phytohormones namely, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), NAA (a-Naphthyl acetic acid), 2,4-D (2,4-Dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) and BAP (Benzyl adenine purine) were used to find out the role over mycelial growth of these fungi. All the concentrations of BAP have good inhibitory effect against mycelial growth of these fungi than that of other tested plant hormones.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ; Adenine ; Capsella ; Colletotrichum ; Fungi* ; Garlic ; Ginger ; Oenanthe ; Plant Extracts* ; Plant Growth Regulators* ; Plants* ; Platycodon ; Water

PURPOSE: To survey epidemiologic characteristics about varicocele and identified several characteristics in young men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May and December 2001, 2,700 were randomly selected at a 10.0% sampling fraction by census district of 27,202 men aged 19 years. A total of 2,080 (a response rate 77.0%) men underwent a standard evaluation including testicular volume. Of men with unilateral varicocele, testicular atrophy was defined as a testis 25% or more smaller (volume/volume) than its contralateral mate. RESULTS: Among participants, 169 (8.1%) men with 199 varicoceles were observed to have varicoceles on physical examination or had a history of varicocelectomy. The varicocele was on the left side in 136 (80.5%), right side in three (1.8%), and bilateral in 30 (17.7%). Of 125 men with unilateral varicocele, physical examination revealed grade I varicocele in 34 men (27.2%), grade II in 45 (36.0%), and grade III in 46 (36.8%). Testicular volume (13.6 +/- 4.6mL) of affected side in varicocele group was significantly smaller than that of contralateral side (16.3 +/- 4.5 mL) in varicocele group as well as right (15.9 +/- 4.5 mL) or left side (15.3 +/- 4.6 mL) in normal group (p<0.001). Testicular volume of contalateral side in varicocele group was significantly larger than that of left side in normal group (p<0.05). Comparing with testicular parameters according to grades of varicocele, testicular volume of affected side was not dependent on grades of varicoceles. However, rate of testicualr atrophy was dependent on grades of varicocele. However, the ratio of testicular atrophy was present in four (12.9%) of grade I, 14 (29.2%) of grade II, and 19 (41.3%) of grade III. These differences were statistically significant (p=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of varicocele in this population was found to 8.1%. It is important to measure the volume of both testes of an adolescent with a varicocele to determine the effect of varicocele on the testicular volume. Our findings suggest that men with higher grades of varicocele have hypertrophied testis of contralateral side.
Adolescent ; Atrophy ; Censuses ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Testis ; Varicocele* ; Young Adult*