No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Female ; Ovary* ; Paclitaxel*

PURPOSE: Both the development and progression of a tumor are angiogenesis dependent, the induction of which is mediated by several angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This study was performed to evaluate the expression of VEGF in the tumor tissues of patients with bladder tumors. The correlation of VEGF with the tumor grade and stage was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The quantification for the VEGF mRNA expression was assessed in 117 human bladder tumor tissues and 17 normal bladder mucosae of controls, using a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR). We compared the levels of VEGF mRNA expression between the bladder tumors and the normal bladder mucosae of the controls, the bladder tumors and the surrounding normal bladder mucosae, and according to tumor grades and stages. RESULTS: The VEGF mRNA expression in the bladder tumor tissues was significantly higher than in the normal bladder mucosae of the controls and the surrounding normal bladder mucosae. The VEGF expression was significantly higher in the grade III than the grade I bladder tumors. There was no significant difference in VEGF expression with regard to the tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that angiogenesis, mediated by VEGF, may be involved in the neoplastic growth of bladder tumors and the tumor's aggressiveness.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Humans* ; Mucous Membrane ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

PURPOSE: Angiogenin is involved in tumor angiogenesis, an important process for the growth and metastatic potential of solid tumors. This study was performed to evaluate the expression of angiogenin in the tumor tissues of patients with bladder tumors. The correlations of angiogenin with the tumor grade and stage were also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The quantification for the expression of angiogenin mRNA was assessed in 106 human bladder tumor tissues, 19 normal mucosae surrounding the bladder tumor and 17 normal bladder mucosae, using a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR). We compared the levels of angiogenin mRNA expression between the bladder tumors and the normal bladder mucosae of the controls, the bladder tumors and the normal bladder mucosae surrounding the tumors, and with regard to the tumor grades and stages. RESULTS: The levels of angiogenin mRNA expression in the bladder tumor tissues were significantly higher than in the normal bladder mucosae of the controls and the normal bladder mucosae surrounding the tumors. The angiogenin expression levels in the bladder tumors at stages T1 or above T2 were significantly higher than in the bladder tumors at stage Ta. There was no significant difference in angiogenin expressions with regard to the tumor grade. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that angiogenesis, mediated by angiogenin, may be involved in the tumorigenesis of the urinary bladder and the invasiveness of bladder tumors.
Carcinogenesis ; Humans* ; Mucous Membrane ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

There has been growing interest in the use of grafts in pelvic reconstructive surgery. This article will address available graft materials and assess their clinical efficacy and safety. We conducted a Pubmed MEDLINE literature search for full-length English text studies with follow-up periods of at least one year. There are many reports on synthetic and biological graft materials; the majority are not well-designed, have short-term follow-up, small sample sizes, and poor outcome assessment. The use of non-absorbable synthetic grafts may offer excellent anatomical cure rates. However, it is associated with a high incidence of graft-related complications, including healing abnormalities and adverse bladder, bowel, and sexual function effects. These complications can be decreased with absorbable synthetic meshes, but efficacy is lower compared to non-absorbable ones. There is insufficient evidence in favor of biological grafts. In conclusion, based on current knowledge, routine application of grafts in pelvic reconstruction is not recommended. It is preferred that graft utilization be individualized, with close monitoring for complications.

The incidence of female voiding dysfunction is increasing nowadays and is getting more of attention with the aging society. Various treatment methods have been applied to treat stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and voiding difficulty. However, surgery for stress urinary incontinence, medication and bladder training for overactive bladder, and intermittent self-catheterization to treat voiding difficulty remain as the mainstay of management. These standard methods cannot be applied to all patients, and does not always lead to successful outcomes, suggesting that we should acquire the correct knowledge in possible ways to treat these patients. In this review, we will focus on the treatment effects of conservative, medical, and surgical treatment which are currently available, based on the evidence of literatures, and address the promising therapeutic modalities such as new minimally invasive surgical procedures for stress urinary incontinence, botulinum toxin A injection, electrical stimulation (sacral neuromodulation, posterior tibial nerve stimulation), radiofrequency therapy, new pharmacologic agents for overactive bladder and voiding difficulty.
Aging ; Botulinum Toxins ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Tibial Nerve ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Urinary Incontinence

The incidence of female voiding dysfunction is increasing nowadays and is getting more of attention with the aging society. Various treatment methods have been applied to treat stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and voiding difficulty. However, surgery for stress urinary incontinence, medication and bladder training for overactive bladder, and intermittent self-catheterization to treat voiding difficulty remain as the mainstay of management. These standard methods cannot be applied to all patients, and does not always lead to successful outcomes, suggesting that we should acquire the correct knowledge in possible ways to treat these patients. In this review, we will focus on the treatment effects of conservative, medical, and surgical treatment which are currently available, based on the evidence of literatures, and address the promising therapeutic modalities such as new minimally invasive surgical procedures for stress urinary incontinence, botulinum toxin A injection, electrical stimulation (sacral neuromodulation, posterior tibial nerve stimulation), radiofrequency therapy, new pharmacologic agents for overactive bladder and voiding difficulty.
Aging ; Botulinum Toxins ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Tibial Nerve ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Urinary Incontinence

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Malformations*

The blow-out fracture can be reconstructed by various autogeneous and alloplastic material. Particulate, nonresorbable hydroxyapatite is currently one of the choice of implant material available for reconstruction of blow-out fracture. Hydroxyapatite is radiopaque ceramic, physically and chemically similar to enamel and cortical bone. It is a biomaterial derived from natural corals to use as a bone graft substitute. And we looked into the clinical usefulness of 2 type of hydroxyapatite with their advantages and disadvantages in reconstruction of blow-out fracture. 183 patients with blow-out fracture who underwent surgical reconstruction with two types of hydroxyapatite from March 1933 to July 1977 have been analyzed the results of surgical reconstructions, and have been followed up for more than a year. And the condition of formerly inserted hydroxyapatite was observed in the patients who needed 2nd surgical reconstruction due to the enophthalmos. The disadvantages of hydroxyapatite are fragility, size and contour limitations. In spite of these demerits, hydroxyapatite can be one of the prospective materials to reconstruct orbital floor. Through the clinical experiences for 5 years, we have not found any of complications of exposure, infection, and foreign body reaction. Low rates of diplopia, limitation of ocular movement, and enophtalmos was observed. Hydroxyapatite was well adherent to adjacent orbital bone in most patients who needed secondary reconstruction for enopthalmos. In conclusion, our study shows that the availability of hydroxyapattite in reconstruction of blow-out fracture is recommendable, with low complication rates. Hydroxyapatite important appears to be well tolerated, and provides useful alloplastic prosthesis with few problems in reconstruction of blow-out fracture.
Anthozoa ; Ceramics ; Dental Enamel ; Diplopia ; Durapatite* ; Enophthalmos ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Enophthalmos* ; Orbit*

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of ethanol embolization for the treatment of arteriovenous malformation (AVM), and the complications, if any, arising. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with AVMs underwent 145 staged sessions of ethanol embolization. AVMs were located in an upper extremity (n=14), a lower extremity (n=10), the pelvis (n=7), the thorax (n=1), or the abdomen (n=1). Eighty-five transcatheter embolizations and 60 direct percutaneous puncture embolizations were performed, and seven patients underwent additional coil embolization of the dilated outflow vein. The therapeutic effectiveness of embolization was evaluated in terms of the extent to which an AVM was obliterated between baseline and the final angiogram. Complications were classified as minor or major. RESULTS: In 13 patients (39%), AVMs were totally obliterated. In eitht patients (24%), more than 75% were obliterated; in three (9%), the proportion was 50-75%; and in four (12%), less than 50%. Five patients (15%), were not treated. The reasons for failure were the difficulty of approaching the nidus due to previous surgical ligation or coil embolization of the feeding artery, the subcutaneous location of an AVM, post-procedural infection, and massive bleeding during the follow-up period. Twenty-one minor complications such as focal skin necrosis or transient nerve palsy developed during 145 sessions of (an incidence of 14%), but these were relieved by conservative treatment. The five major complications arising (3%) were cerebral infarction, urinary tract infection, acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis, permanent median nerve palsy, and infection. CONCLUSION: Ethanol embolization by direct percutaneous puncture or using a transcatheter technique is an effective approach to the treatment of an AVM. However, to overcome the considerable number of complications arising, further investigation is required.
Abdomen ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Ethanol* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ligation ; Lower Extremity ; Median Nerve ; Necrosis ; Paralysis ; Pelvis ; Punctures ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Skin ; Thorax ; Upper Extremity ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Veins