No abstract available.
Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous*

Purpose: This study comprehensively examined the experiences of breast cancer survivors' while accessing healthcare facilities for developing nursing intervention programs to enhance and maintain patients' health. Methods: As part of this qualitative study, focus group interviews were conducted with six breast cancer survivors from December 30, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Results Qualitative data analysis revealed four themes and nine sub-themes using a medical institution after diagnosis in breast cancer survivors. Four themes were ‘burden that individuals still have to bear’, ‘hospital situation that is not patient-centered’, ‘alternative ways to get information and support from the other resources’, and ‘the journey of long-term treatment and management’. Discussion: To improve the quality of life in breast cancer survivors, it is vital to establish medical services that consider the characteristics of each stage of the disease, in addition to support hospitals and social policy programs that can address the unmet needs of the survivors.

While scaphoid injuries are the most common carpal bone injuries, injuries to other carpal bones also occur frequently, accounting for about 40% of all carpal bone injuries. These non-scaphoid injuries are often complex, typically resulting from high-energy trauma and involving damage to two or more carpal bones or surrounding soft tissues. The carpus is a complex joint with eight carpal bones, making an accurate initial diagnosis challenging in many cases. A missed diagnosis or delayed treatment can lead to complications such as malunion, nonunion, avascular necrosis, and carpal instability. These complications can result in arthritis, neurovascular compression, and tendon rupture, causing chronic pain and functional impairment of the wrist joint. Therefore, careful attention to diagnosis and treatment is essential at the time of injury.

While scaphoid injuries are the most common carpal bone injuries, injuries to other carpal bones also occur frequently, accounting for about 40% of all carpal bone injuries. These non-scaphoid injuries are often complex, typically resulting from high-energy trauma and involving damage to two or more carpal bones or surrounding soft tissues. The carpus is a complex joint with eight carpal bones, making an accurate initial diagnosis challenging in many cases. A missed diagnosis or delayed treatment can lead to complications such as malunion, nonunion, avascular necrosis, and carpal instability. These complications can result in arthritis, neurovascular compression, and tendon rupture, causing chronic pain and functional impairment of the wrist joint. Therefore, careful attention to diagnosis and treatment is essential at the time of injury.

While scaphoid injuries are the most common carpal bone injuries, injuries to other carpal bones also occur frequently, accounting for about 40% of all carpal bone injuries. These non-scaphoid injuries are often complex, typically resulting from high-energy trauma and involving damage to two or more carpal bones or surrounding soft tissues. The carpus is a complex joint with eight carpal bones, making an accurate initial diagnosis challenging in many cases. A missed diagnosis or delayed treatment can lead to complications such as malunion, nonunion, avascular necrosis, and carpal instability. These complications can result in arthritis, neurovascular compression, and tendon rupture, causing chronic pain and functional impairment of the wrist joint. Therefore, careful attention to diagnosis and treatment is essential at the time of injury.

PURPOSE: To quantitatively compare the role of posterior vitreous detachment in macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) using OCT. METHODS: A retrospective study of 36 eyes with BRVO-associated macular edema was carried out from November 2003 to February 2005. There was posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in 23 eyes [PVD (+) group], and vitreoretinal attachment on the fovea in 31 eyes [PVD (-) group]. PVD was detected with an indirect ophthalmoscope or 90D lens. The foveal thicknesses of the two groups were measured and compared. RESULTS: The mean foveal thicknesses of the PVD (-) and PVD (+) groups were 398.0+/-217.2 micrometer and 233.6+/-80.6 micrometer, respectively (p=0.000, Mann-Whitney test). The mean BCVA (log MAR) was 0.77+/-0.52 in the PVD (-) group and 0.40+/-0.37 in the PVD (+) group (p=0.002, Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS: The extent of macular edema associated with BRVO was significantly less in the PVD(+) group and BCVA was significantly better in the PVD (+) group as well.
Macular Edema* ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitreous Detachment*

No abstract available.
Obstetrics*

No abstract available.
Intussusception*

PURPOSE: The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is a member of the transmembrane tyrosine kinase family that regulates various biological processes. These processes include maintaining optimal cell growth, establishing and maintaining the transformed phenotype, tumorigenesis for several types of cells, and antiapoptosis. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of IGF-IR in relation with the expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesteron receptor (PR), proliferative activity (Ki-67) as well as with the other conventional clinicopathlogical parameters in breast cancer. METHODS: This study was performed on paraffin sections from 64 invasive ductal breast carcinoma specimens by immunohistochemistry using rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the IGF-I receptor. RESULTS: IGF-IR expression was detected in 56 (87.5%) cases. The immunohistochemical stains for the IGF-IR were scored according to a semi quantitative scoring system. IGF-IR staining was positively correlated with the ER status, but not significantly with the PR, lymph node status, tumor size, histological grade, and proliferative activity. The Ki-67 labeling index showed a significant correlation with the tumor grade and ER status. CONCLUSION: The IGF-IR may play a role in estrogen-mediated growth and the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Antibodies ; Biological Processes ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Coloring Agents ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Paraffin ; Phenotype ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptor, IGF Type 1

The effect of 0.25% and 0.5% Timolol on intraocular pressure and concentration in aqueous humor was studied after topical instillation in the white rabbit. The intraocular pressure was measured with pneuma tonometer and the Timolol concentration in aqueous humor was measured with High Preformance Liquid Chromatograph after fine needle aspiration of aqueous humor at various time intervals. The results were as follows; 1. The percentage reduction of intraocular pressure increased with time and reached a peak after 3 hours. 2. The concentration of Timolol in aqueous humor increased with time and reached a peak after 3 hours. 3. There was close correlation between intraocular pressure and Timolol concentration in aqueous humor.
Aqueous Humor* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Timolol*