We compared all frozen section examination of ovarian tumors during a 5 year period in our institute with permanent section diagnosis from paraffin sections. In this period, 604 ovarian tumors had frozen section examination. Final histologic diagnosis was divided into benign, low malignant potential and malignant. Sensitivity of frozen section diagnosis for malignant was 80 %, low malignant potential 73,1%, and benign 99.8%. Predictive value for malignancy was 98.5%, for low malignant potential 76.6%, and for benign disease 96.2%. Diagnostic problems occurred in huge tumors and low malignat potential mucinous tumors. Analysis of the 32 false negative(miss or under diagnosis) revealed that a sampling error was involved almostly. The cases of discrepancy between frozen section diagnosis and permanent section diagnosis, were 26/34 in mucinous tumors and 33/34 in huge size of tumors(more than 10cm). Although surgeons and pathologist are aware of the limitations of frozen section diagnosis of ovarian tumors, peroperative histologic examination can be worthwhile and prevent under or over treatment of ovarian malignancies.
Diagnosis* ; Frozen Sections* ; Mucins ; Paraffin ; Selection Bias

Carcinosarcomas of the female genital tract have generally been regarded as a type of sarcoma. Recent studies, however, suggest the tumor may be more closely related to carcinoma and may represent metaplastic carcinoma in histogenesis. We analyzed clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 10 carcinosarcomas to evaluate the relative importance of the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components in metastasis and recurrence. The primary tumor originated in the uterine body in seven cases, the uterine cervix in two and the ovary in one. Patient,s ages ranged from 54 to 71 years (mean, 64). The most common symptom of the uterine mass was vaginal bleeding. The median survival time was 21 months following diagnosis in five cases. Surgico-pathologic FIGO stages of five patients who received an operation were stage III and IV, but clinical FIGO stage of three patients (60%) among them were I. Lymphovascular invasions were identified in seven areas; five vascular invasion lesions showed the carcinomatous component alone, one the sarcomatous component alone, and remained one admixture of both components. Metastatic and recurrent lesions to the paraaortic lymph node, ovary, pelvic wall, or vaginal vault showed characteristically carcinomatous component only. Immunohistochemically, positive reactions for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen were noted in the sarcomatous component of five cases. Vimentin positivity was detected in carcinomatous component of three cases. We conclude that the dominant element in carcinosarcomas of the female genital tract is the carcinomatous component. The survival rate of carcinosarcoma is extremely poor. The surgico-pathologic stage is better indicator of survival than the clinical stage. Immunohistochemical findings suggest that carcinosarcoma may represent a metaplastic carcinoma in histogenesis.
Carcinosarcoma* ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; Female* ; Humans ; Keratins ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucin-1 ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Vimentin

Six cases of a rare variant of endocervieal adenocarcinoma (Adenoma maligum, AM) were collected for clinicopethologic analysis. The everage age of six patients was 49.3 years, and their chief com plaints were persis(ent mucid or watery discharge and intermittent vaginal spotting, The clinical im presaion was carcioma of The uterine cervix in faur out, of six cases. All except one were pathologically confirmed by initia1 biupey. two cases by colposcopic biopsies, two by cone biopsies, one by cone biopsy after suggested AM in calposcopic hiopsy. One case was incidentally found from hysterectnmised speeimen, which waas suspected as adennmyosis. On gross examination, the cervix usualty appeared either firm or indurated with thickening af the wall excepl one which was presented es a fungnting mass. The characteristic histologic feetures were ext,ensive arborizing endeervical glands with marked variation in size and shape, and the glands lined by mucin conyaining columnar epithelial cells with basal bland looking nuclei but with occasional cytologic atypia and rare mitose. The nenplasi.ic glands were characterized by deep stronml invasion be yond normal enddcervical glands, assosiated with loose edematous periglandular desmaplastic stromal reaction in moat cases. Immunohistochemical stainnings for carcinoembryonie antigen (CEA) revealed ey- toplasmic positivity in five cases. The clinical stage for all exeept one incidental case were : four Ib and one II b. In three cases, the radical hysterectomy with unilateral salpingooophorectomy plus dissection of bilateral pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes was performed, and in one case radiotherapy was done prior to radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy plus the dissection of left pelvic lymph nodes followed by chemotherapy. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy plus Burch's operation followed by radiation therapy was performed in on case. The remaining one case was treated with radiation therapy. Metastasis to the left obturator lymph node was discovered in one case with state IIb, and the patient expired 29 months after the radiotherapy. The remaining five cases are being carefully followed up. From our experience, we conclude that the early diagnosis of AM can be made based on comprehensive analysis concerning the clinical features, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. The early diagnosis and proper therapy can lead to the better prognosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma* ; Biopsy ; Cervix Uteri* ; Drug Therapy ; Early Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Lymph Nodes ; Metrorrhagia ; Mucins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors mainly originating in the pleura. Since complete resection is the most important prognostic factor, typical surgical approach has been open laparotomy. In this report, we present a unusual case of large retropancreatic SFT that was successfully treated via laparoscopic resection. A 22-year-old female was diagnosed with a 8×7 cm-sized well-demarcated mass with multiple loculating and enhancing solid portions on the left adrenal fossa. The mass showed no definite invasion of adjacent organs and laparoscopic resection was planned. Using blunt dissection and individual vessel ligation, the operation was successful. The operative time was 220 minutes, and the amount of intraoperative blood loss was estimated to be within 100 ml. The patient recovered without complications. Laparoscopic excision of large retroperitoneal SFTs can be safe and feasible if there is no evidence of local invasion or malignancy on preoperative radiologic images.
Female ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Ligation ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Operative Time ; Pleura ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors* ; Young Adult

This paper reports our experiences in laparoscopically assisted surgical staging (LASS) to manage the patients with early-stage endometrial cancer. From March 1996 to March 1999, we performed LASS in 6 patients with clincal stage I adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. We performed laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and intraoperative frozen-section (IFS) diagnosis. The depth of myometrial invasion, tumor differentiation, histologic types, cervical invasion, and adnexal involvement were determined by IFS diagnosis. Laparoscopic pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomies were performed based on the grade of the tumor and depth of myometrial invasion. One patient was discovered to have tumor metastases in pelvic peritoneum and uterosacral ligaments, and underwent only para-aortic lymphadenectomy for determining field of radiation therapy. 2 out of 5 patients only underwent LAVH with BSO and peroitoneal washing cytology. Three other patients underwent LAVH with BSO, peritoneal washing cytology and pelvic lymphadenectomy because they were identified by IFS diagnosis as intermediate risk group for nodal metastasis. The mean age of the patients was 46.4 years. Total length of the operation time ranged from 100 minutes to 305 minutes and the mean was 187.5 minutes. The mean hemoglobin decrement after the surgery was 0.9 gm/dl. No one recieved blood transfusion. The average number of pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes removed were 16.7 and 18, respectively. After the surgery, the patients passed gas after an average of 2.0 days and urinated urine after an average of 3.8 days. No one had complication after LASS. Based on our experiences, LASS might be an alternative to the traditional surgical approach in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Blood Transfusion ; Diagnosis ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal ; Ligaments ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peritoneum

PURPOSE: This study provides a standardized operative strategical algorithm that can be applied to patients with T1/T2 gallbladder cancer (GBC). Our aim was to determine the oncologic outcome of radical cholecystectomy with para-aortic lymph node dissection without liver resection in T1/T2 GBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2017, 164 patients with GBC underwent operations by a single surgeon at Severance Hospital. A retrospective review was performed for 113 of these patients, who were pathologically determined to be in stages T1 and T2 according to American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th guidelines. RESULTS: Of the 113 patients, 109 underwent curative resection for T1/T2 GBC; four patients who underwent palliative operations without radical cholecystectomies were excluded from further analyses. For all T1b and T2 lesions, radical cholecystectomy with para-aortic lymph node dissection was performed without liver resection. There were four GBC-related mortalities, and 5-year disease-specific survival was 97.0%. The median follow-up was 50 months (range: 5–145 months). In all T stages, the median was not reached for survival analysis. Five-year disease-specific survival for T1a, T1b, and T2 were 100%, 94.1%, and 97.1%, respectively. Five-year disease-free survival for T1a, T1b, and T2 were 100%, 87.0%, and 91.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the current operative protocol can be applied to minimal invasive operations for GBC with similar oncologic outcomes as open approach. For T1/T2 GBC, radical cholecystectomy, including para-aortic lymph node dissection, can be performed safely with favorable oncologic outcomes.
Cholecystectomy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Joints ; Liver ; Lymph Node Excision ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis

No abstract available.

This video describes an event that could occur during any cholecystectomy. To the best of our knowledge, this video is the first description of the technical compensation for hepatic vein injury during robotic single-site cholecystectomy (RSSC). A 61-year-old male with a 1.6 cm gallbladder stone sought to go through with RSSC. During dissection of gallbladder from the liver bed, the hepatic vein was unexpectedly exposed and injured. Using the angulated robotic needle holder, the injured hepatic vein was repaired with 5-0 prolene monofilament suture. Although there is a lack of EndoWrist movement in RSSC, suturing was feasible. The patient was discharged on the second postoperative day without complications. Incidental hepatic vein injury could be safely managed using RSSC and prevent the need for conversion to a conventional laparoscopic or open approach.
Cholecystectomy* ; Compensation and Redress* ; Gallbladder ; Hepatic Veins* ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Liver ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Polypropylenes ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Sutures

Three cases of synchronous carcinomas of endometrium-fallopian tube, endometrium-cervix and endometrium-ovary are reported. Case 1 is endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma with FIGO stageIb, Grade 2 and tubal serous adenocarcinoma with FIGO stage Ib, Grade 2. Case 2 is endometrial serous carcinoma with FIGO stage Ilb and squamous cell carcinoma with FIGO stage Ial. Case 3 is endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma with FIGO stage Ia, Grade 1 and ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma with FIGO stage IIIa, Grade 2. There is much confroversy with respect to staging and management of such cases since these tumors may represent either two synchronously occuring primaries or single primary with metastases. It is suggested that when each tumor is different histological subtype the tumors may be considered as two separate primaries and treatment may be less aggressive. It may be a favorable prognosis. The authors present three cases of synchronous carcinomas with a review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis

Dermatophytes usually do not invade beyond the epidermis. However mechanical breakage of the skin resulting from scratching or trauma and immunocompromised state, such as diabetes mellitus, lymphoma, and long-term steroid use may allow penetration of the fungi into reticular dermis. Cutaneous granulomas produced by infection with superficial fungi are infrequently recognized. We report four cases of dermatophytic granuloma on the lower extremities. Histopathologic examinations of the skin lesions of four patients showed chronic granulomatous inflammation with fungal elements. Cultures of Sabouraud's media with excised tissue revealed Trichophyton(T.) rubrum in two patients and T. mentagrophytes in one patient. The patients were treated with oral administration of terbinafine or itraconazole for 2-4 weeks.
Administration, Oral ; Arthrodermataceae ; Dermis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Epidermis ; Fungi ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Itraconazole ; Lower Extremity ; Lymphoma ; Skin