No abstract available.
Ifosfamide*

PURPOSE: We analyzed the oncologic characteristics and outcome of patients with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of extremities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the soft tissue tumor patients who were treated between 1999 and 2012, 5 patients who were pathologically confirmed as the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of extremities were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 1 man and 4 women with mean age of 44 years (37-55 years). The average follow up was 34.6 months (8-87 months). All patients underwent surgical treatment. Only 1 patient had wide resection margin and remaining 4 had marginal (3) or intralesional (1) resection margin. All of 4 patients without wide resection margin developed local recurrence at 10.3 months (8-19 months). Malignant transformation to fibrosarcoma was occurred in 2 patients who developed local recurrence, and 1 patient developed multiple metastases to lung, liver and lymph nodes and expired at 37 months. Three of 5 patients had tumor location abutted to or invasion to major arteries and 1 patient had tumor invading sciatic nerve. CONCLUSION: It is observed that inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of extremities is usually located near the major neurovascular structure. Wide resection should be considered as the initial surgical treatment because this tumor showed a high local recurrence rate and possibility of malignant transformation.
Arteries ; Extremities ; Female ; Fibrosarcoma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Myofibroblasts ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

Scrub typhus, an acute febrile infectious disease caused by R. tsutsugamushi, has been reported from various parts of the far east and pacific rim of Asia including Korea. It is well known that all human pathogenic rickettsia share an affinity to endothelial cells of the small blood vessels and evoke vascular inflammation variably associated with a rash, microthrombi, and hemorrhage. We infected the ICR mice by inoculating sublethal doses of R. tsutsugamushi R19 strain intraperitoneally and observed the pathologic changes by time sequence. The histopathologic features of experimentally induced scrub typhus in the mice were generally nonspecific interstitial inflammations characterized by interstitial pneumonitis, periportal inflammation, multifocal hepatic necrosis, interstitial nephritis, sinusoidal engorgement, and lymphohistiocytic cell infiltration in lymph nodes and spleen. Contrary to the general features of other rickettsial diseases, the pathologic process of scrub typhus experimentally induced by R. tsutsugamushi R19 strain mainly involved the interstitial connective tissue but not the blood vessels.
Animals ; Liver/pathology ; Lung/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Scrub Typhus/*pathology ; Spleen/pathology

We report a dislocation of the thumb carpometacarpal joint associated with an oblique fracture of the trapezium. This case was treated with open reduction and internal fixation using two Kirschner wires for the trapezial fracture and repair of the ruptured dorsal capsular ligament and additional Kirschner wire fixation for the carpometacarpal joint stability. At the 12 months follow-up examination, there was no pain or chronic instability. There was no evidence of post-traumatic arthritic changes.
Bone Wires ; Carpometacarpal Joints ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ligaments ; Thumb

PURPOSE: Endoscopic transnasal correction of the blowout fractures has many advantages over other techniques. But after removal of packing material, there were some patients with recurrence of preoperative symptoms. Authors tried to make a quantitative anterograde analysis of orbital volume change over whole perioperative period which might be related with recurrence of preoperative symptoms. METHODS: 10 patients with pure medial wall fracture(Group I) and 10 patients with medial wall fracture combined with fracture of orbital floor(Group II) were selected to evaluate the final orbital volume change with 3 CT scans, preoperatively, postoperatively and 4 months after packing removal. By multiplying cross-section area of orbit in coronal view with section thickness, orbital volume were calculated. Then, mean orbital volume increment after trauma, mean orbital volume decrement after endoscopic correction and volume increment after packing removal were found out. And we tried to find correlations between type of fracture, initial correction rate and final correction rate. RESULTS: The mean orbital volume increase of the fractured orbits were 7.23% in group I and 13.69% in group II. After endoscopic surgery, mean orbital volume decrease were 11.0% in group I and 12.46% in group II. Mean volume increase after packing removal showed 3.10% in group I and 6.50% in group II. The initial correction rate(%) showed linear correlation with final correction rate(%) after packing removal. And there were negative linear correlation between increment percentage of orbital volume by fracture and final correction rate(%). CONCLUSION: Orbital volume was proved to be increasing after removal of packing or foley catheter and it was dependent upon type of fracture. Overcorrection should be done to improve the final result of orbital blowout fracture especially when severe fracture is present.
Catheters ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Orbit ; Orbital Fractures ; Perioperative Period ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: The incidence of symptomatic brain metastases from breast cancerhas ranged from 10% to 16%. Brain metastases are traditionally viewed as a late complication of systemic disease, for which few effective treatment options exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that can predict brain metastases and to analyze the survival rate as compared with other systemic metastases. METHODS: Between February 1983 and October 2005, 119 patient who developed systemic metastasis during the follow up period after optimal surgical treatment at Korea University Hospital were included in this study. Twenty-nine of these 119 patients had complaints of symptoms and they were consequently diagnosed as having brain metastases. RESULTS: Estrogen receptor (-), progesterone receptor (-) and Her2 (-), and Triple negative were a significantly higher in the patients with brain metastases (p=0.04). The other clinicopathologic factors showed no difference between the patients with brain metastases and the patients without brain metastases. Lung metastases existed previously more often than the other systemic metastases (p=0.04). The overall survival of the patients with brain metastases was not significantly different from the patients with other systemic metastases. However, the disease specific survival of patients with brain metastases, as compared with other systemic metastases was poorer than that for patients with bone and lung metastases, respectively (p=0.01 and 0.03). A poor prognosis was shown for the cases with brain metastases within 1 yr after operation. CONCLUSION: Clinician should give attention to the possibility of brain metastases for the breast cancer patients with triple negative findings or the patients who have developed lung metastases as this represents a symptom of central nervous system.
Brain ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Estrogens ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Survival Rate

The velopharyngeal dysfunction usually occurs in patients with previous operation of the cleft palate or with submucosal cleft palate. In case of velopharyngeal dysfunction without cleft palate, no study has been made when it comes to operative method and postoperative results. Here, we would like to present the operative methods and the postoperative results with the cases we've experienced. This study is based on seven cases of velopharyngeal dysfunction without cleft palate from 1999 to 2004. Analysis of age, sex, etiology, operative methods, satisfaction rate and speech evaluation was done. The patients were 3 males and 4 females, with an age ranged from 10 to 28 at the time of surgery. The follow-up period was more than six months. One case had bifid uvula, another had atypical anomaly in palate, and five cases had no anatomical abnormality. The palatal lengthening was done on one patient, the levator muscle repositioning on another patient and to the rest of them, the superiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap was done. It was difficult to determine the etiology of the velopharyngeal dysfunction without cleft palate. The speech improvement and the satisfaction rate of the patients and parents were diverse. Although the authors had a problem with statistical analysis between the operative age and the speech improvement, it was reasonable to perform a surgical operation because post operative speech improvement was observed in most cases regardless of age. There is little statistical correlation, but significantly higher outcomes were observed in palatal lengthening and levator muscle repositioning than in pharyngeal flap.
Cleft Palate* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Palate ; Parents ; Speech Articulation Tests ; Uvula ; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is characterized by thickening of the glomerular basement membrane owing to electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy. We experienced a case of type II MPGN in a child presenting with proteinuria, hematuria on school urinary screening tests. He had been treated with losartan and enalapril. This is the first case report of type II MPGN detected by school urinary screening tests in Korea. Thus we report a case of 10-years-old male with type II MPGN with a review of brief literature.
Child ; Enalapril ; Glomerular Basement Membrane ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Korea ; Losartan ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Microscopy, Electron ; Proteinuria

PURPOSE: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has a good prognosis, and it's known to be related to the apoptosis of papillary thyroid cancer. The expression of bcl-2 is thought to be associated with the inhibition of apoptosis. We evaluated the differences of bcl-2 and P53 between PTC and the control (normal tissue and benign lesion). We then analyzed the correlation between the bcl-2 and P53 expressions and the classic prognostic factors. METHODS: Between January 2001 and December 2005, 30 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for the PTC were included in this study and immunohistochemical staining was performed on the tumors. RESULTS: bcl-2 was expressed in 18 cases (60%) in their PTC (P<0.05). The expression of P53 was not significantly related with the clinicopathological factors, but P53 was expressed in 9 cases (30%) of PTC (P<0.05). The positive staining for was noted in 18 cases (62.1%) of the PTC tissue among the 30 patients, and as the TNM stage progresses, the expression rate of was significantly decrease for 7 stage I cases (100%), for 4 stage ll cases (80%) and for 7 stage ll cases (38.9%). CONCLUSION: bcl-2 was expressed more as the TNM stage of PTC decreases. So bcl-2 is possibly useful as a prognostic factor for PTC, but further studies are needed for confirming its significance.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the significance of the S-phase fraction (SPF) and DNA ploidy, determined by DNA flow cytometry, as prognostic markers in invasive breast cancer. METHODS: Between October 1986 and June 1999, 143 breast carcinoma patients, treated by surgery, were analyzed. Flow cytometry was performed for the identification of the SPF and DNA ploidy, with immunohistochemistry performed on paraffin embedded material for the hormone receptor. Two SPF classes were defined on the basis of the median value (10) by using a log rank test (high SPF>10, low SPF<10). The correlation between SPF and the clinicopathological factors (tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade and steroid receptor status) and between the SPF and 5 yr disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated. RESULTS: DNA ploidy was not associated with tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, overall survival and DFS. In a univariate analysis, high SPF values were associated with shorter 5 yr DFS in individual groups. In the node negative group, the 5 yr DFS of the low SPF group was higher than that of the high SPF group, but in the node positive group, the SPF values showed statistical significance with the 5 yr DFS. In a multivariate analysis, the SPF was independently associated with the 5 yr DFS in the node negative group. CONCLUSION: These results suggested the SPF is an independent prognostic factor in lymph node negative, estrogen receptor positive and progesterone receptor negative breast cancers.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Disease-Free Survival ; DNA ; Estrogens ; Flow Cytometry ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Paraffin ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Receptors, Steroid