No abstract available.
Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

No abstract available

The treatment of fractures of the dens is controversial and the major controversy has centered on type II fracture of Anderson and D'Alonzo classification because of its high incidence of nonunion when they were treated by external immobilization like halo apparatus. The posterior arthrodesis of atlas and axis which has been recommended by many authors results in the limitation of rotation of neck. In an attempt to promote bone union and to eliminate functional impairment, the authors have treated 7 consecutive cases of type II dens fracture by direct screw fixation with one or two screws. Minimum follow up period was 15 months(Av. 20mos.). Ages were varied between 23 to 68 years. Amounts of displacement on arrival were more than 4mm in all. Ambulation was started from the day after operation with the external support. Bone union was observed in 6 cases within 3 months without limitation of rotation. One nonunion with losening of screw and one transient dysphagia were observed. The authors believe that the procedure has the advantages in bone union and neck motion, but it requires surgeon's experience and the modification of implant for secure fixation.
Arthrodesis ; Classification ; Deglutition Disorders ; Follow-Up Studies ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Neck ; Walking

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Spinal Canal*

The leprous involvement of the ankle joint and the upper surface of the talus is said to be a rare entity and this is in sharp contract to the Charcot joint of other causes in which the ankle involvement is relatively common. This can partly be explained by the concept that the articular branch of tibial nerve to the ankle joint is usually spare din leprosy, although the fibular nerve is affected around the knee level. During the survey of nearly 3000 leprous patients in the National Leprosy Center we selected 26 cases with obvious bone change of the ankle joint and the clinical study on these 26 cases was made with the following results. 1. The 26 cases consisted of 15 males and 11 females 2. Average age of the patients was 56 years and those over 50 years numbered 20(77%)and undre 39 years of age there was only one involvement. 3. Ankle destruction can be classified according to the causative factors attributable to its occurrence as follows: destruction of ankle joint following fracture of which four were Potts type and eight hyperdorsif-lexion injury: those following idiopathic arthritis in four, and those following subtalar incongruity due to calcaneal flattening in ten. 4. The results of this study which clarify the pathogenesis of ankle involvement in leprous patients may offer reliable preventive measures for each case of ankle destruction.
Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Arthritis ; Arthropathy, Neurogenic ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Leprosy ; Male ; Peroneal Nerve ; Talus ; Tibial Nerve

Background : It has been suggested that thrombospondin (TSP) is a p53-dependent negative regulator of tumor angiogenesis. TSP expression and localization in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and its association with overexpression of p53 protein were investigated. Methods : TSP-1 and -2 expressions were examined in 40 HCC specimens by immunohistochemical staining and in 4 HCC cell lines by Western blotting. In addition, p53 protein expression and microvessel density (MVD) were correlated with the TSP expression. Results : Strong immu- nopositivity for TSP-1 was observed in fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and some vas- cular smooth muscle cells of the stroma in 18 cases (45%), and in tumor cells in 3 cases (7.5%) of 40 cases of HCC. Immunoreactivity for TSP-2 was observed in only the sinusoidal lining cells of the tumor in 15 cases (46%), and in tumor cells in 2 cases (6%) of 32 cases of HCC. TSP-1 expression was inversely correlated with MVD (p=0.028), but TSP-2 expression did not show any correlation with MVD. Although p53 was overexpressed in 17 cases, there was no significant correlation between TSP and p53 expressions. None of the HCC cell lines expressed TSP-1 or -2. Conclusions : These findings indicate that TSP-1 is mainly derived from nonparenchymal cells, and may decrease tumor angiogenesis in HCC.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cell Line ; Endothelial Cells ; Fibroblasts ; Microvessels ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Thrombospondin 1 ; Thrombospondins

No abstract available.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a promising imaging technique developed recently to obtain functional maps of the brain, and can be successfully performed on widely available diagnostic MR imaging systems. Thus, the technical principle and application of this new imaging are no more minor part of knowledge in radiology. We describe herein the overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging about the physiologic mechanism, imaging technique, image-processing method and practical application.
Brain* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Dental Arch* ; Humans

Variation in the facial pattern and effect of the rotational jaw growth on the facial proportion were studied in serial cephalometric radiographs of 40 Korean children (35 boys, 15 girls) ranging in age from 6 to 13 years. According to Y-axis (N-S-Gn) growth change during the 7 years of period, the subject who had exhibited "wave-like" manner of Y-axis growth change within +/- 2degrees was classified to the Parallelwise group and the subject who had exhibited Y-axis increase more than +/- 2degrees was classified to the Clockwise rotation group and the subject who had exhibited Y-axis decrease more than -2degrees was classified to the Counterlockwise rotation group. For the comparison of each group, a total of 22 morphologic variables were employed and the data were analyzed by means of computer morphometrics and statistical methods. On the basis of the finding of this study, the following trends were eatablished: 1. The Parallelwise group was 75%, the Clockwise rotation group was 12.5% and the Counterclockwise rotation group was 12.5%. 2. The growth pattern of cranial base was related to the rotation of mandible. 3. Maxillary prognathism was occured in the Counterclockwise rotation group and the rotation of palatal plane was occured in the Clockwise rotation group. 4. Mandibular prognathism was occured in the Parallelwise and the Counterclockwise rotation groups, especially in the Counterclockwise rotation group. 5. The degree of maxillo-mandibular divergency was constant in the Clockwise rotation group but decreased in the Counterclockwise rotation and the Parallelwise groups, especially in the Counterclockwise group. 6. There were no differences in the size of the anterior upper facial height (N-ANS) and the posterior lower facial height ((Go-Me)-PNS) but there were differences in the size of the anterior lower facial height (ANS-Me) and the posterior upper facial height ((S-N)-PNS) between each group. 7. The growth increment and the size of the facial gepth was not relater to the growth pattern of the face but the growth increment and the size of the facial height was related to the growth pattern of the face. 8. Proportional change due to the facial growth rotation was concentrated in the anterior lower face. 9. The most apparent difference between each group was happened in the size of the posterior cranial base (S-Ba) and the facial length (S-Gn).
Child ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Prognathism ; Skull Base