No abstract available.
Mortality*

No abstract available.
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic*

No abstract available.
Myxoma*

No abstract available.
Hemangioma* ; Manubrium*

No abstract available.
Acinetobacter Infections* ; Acinetobacter* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal*

As for the pathomechanism for cerebral damage in stroke, following steps have been proposed the reduction of oxygen and glucose levels in the affected brain results in a decreased ATP levels, and then excessive release and reduced uptake of the excitatory amino acid (EAA) glutamate; activation of both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA glutamate receptors by EAA forced massive calcium influx into neurons; the excess intracellular calcium causes structural damage to cytoskeleton and membranes as a result of activation of kinases, proteases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both ROS and excitotoxicity are pathogenetic events related to stroke as well as a wide range of other neurological disorders. It has become clear that neurotrophic factors in the central nervous system (CNS) play major roles in the development and maintenance of neural circuits, and that ischemic and other insults to the brain induce marked changes of gene expression for neurotrophic factors and their receptors, and the functional affects of the changes are related to protection against neuronal damage and stimulation of sprouting and synaptic reorganization. These neurotrophic factors include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3, 45 (NT-3, 4/5, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and midkine (MK). In the present study, a hypothesis is made that the neuronal damage found in the stroke patients may be due to the metabolic derangement partly caused by oxygen radicals. To test this hypothesis, the experimental model was developed using tissue culture system and the protective effect of several neurotrophic factors against ROS-mediated cell injury was evaluated.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Brain ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Calcium ; Central Nervous System ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Cytoskeleton ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; Gene Expression ; Glucose ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans* ; Membranes ; Models, Theoretical ; N-Methylaspartate ; Nerve Growth Factor ; Nerve Growth Factors* ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurons* ; Oxygen* ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Phosphotransferases ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Stroke

PURPOSE: Measles is one of the most highly communicable infectious disease, but has become a rare disease with the widespread use of vaccine. Recently, however, resurgence of the disease in school aged or adolescents who had received the vaccine before or at the 15 month warrants reappraisal of the efficacy of the vaccination. The purpose of this study was to investigate positive prevalence of antibody and its quantitative titers in different age groups in order to determine necessity and appropriate time of booster vaccine. METHODS: We measured measles antibody in the sera of 192 children from different age groups(61 cases from 4-6 years of age, 40 cases from 8-9 years of age, 47 cases from 12-13 years of age, 44 cases from 15-16 years of age). Eight to ten children from each group were selected and quantitative antibody titers were measured by EIA(measles Ig G EIA SEIKEN) method. RESULTS: 1) The positive prevalence of measles antibody in four to six year age group(72%) was significantly lower than the expected positive prevalence of measles antibody(95%) (p<0.001). 2) Median antibody titer in twelve to thirteen year age group tended to be relatively lower than the other age groups. 3) There was no significant differences in the positive prevalence of measles antibody and median titers between sex. CONCLUSIONS: This data supported that the booster vaccination be needed at four to six years of age.
Adolescent ; Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Measles* ; Prevalence ; Rare Diseases ; Vaccination*

A clinical study was done on 199 cases of Acute Glomerulonehritis, who had been admitted to the department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital during the five years period from January 1976 to December 1980. The following results were obtained. 1) Males were affected more frequently than females by a 2:1 ratio, and the highest incidence was noted in children between 4 and 6 years of age, with a seasonal peak in Autumn and Winter. 2) The 57.8% of the total patients had history of preceding infections. The upper respiratory tract infection was most common, which was 51.3% of the total patients, and the skin infection was identified in 4.0% of the total patients. 3) The most common chief complaint was edema. Blood pressure of greater than 90mmHg in diastolic pressure was noted in approximately half of the patients. 4) Chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly in21.9%, pulmonary edema in 12.8%, and pleural effusion in 9.1%. 5) The percentage of positive beta-hemolytic streptococcal culture was 12.3%, and Anti-Streptolysin O titer of greater than 333 Todd units was noted in 64.5%. 6) The mean value of serum C3 concentrationin the Acute Glomerulonephritis Group as a whole was lower than that of the Control Group and the difference was statistically significant(p<.001). 7) Gross hematuria and edema disappeared in most of the patients within 2 weeks after the onset of the symptoms, and the elevated blood pressure returned to normal within 2 weeks after admission. 8) Microscopic hematuria and proteinuria disappeared in most of the patients within 3 months after admission.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiomegaly ; Child* ; Edema ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Pleural Effusion ; Proteinuria ; Pulmonary Edema ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Seasons ; Skin ; Thorax

PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiology and rate of cardiac sequelae of Kawasaki disease in Korea. METHODS: On behalf of the Korean Pediatric Cardiology Society, we sent a questionnaire to 107 training hospitals two times; first period(Jan. 94-Sep. 95) and second period(Oct. 95-Dec. 96), and summarized the data of the survey from 58 hospitals which responded. RESULTS: The total number of patients was 2,680 cases, with male to female ratio and mean age 1.6 and 28.9+/-20.0 months, respectively. The total number of cases of 19 hospitals which participated in the first and second periods was 1,045, including 354 in 1994, 315 in 1995, and 376 in 1996, which showed no difference in annual incidence and higher incidence in Jan., May, June and July. The proportions of sibling cases was 0.26%(7/2,680) and rate of recurrent cases was 1.7% (46/2,680), and the proportion of patients with Kawasaki disease among total hospitalized pediatric patients was 1.13% in average, showing no significant difference according to regions. Echocardiogram was done in 93.5% of patients(2,507/2,680), and coronary abnormalities occurred in 20.1% of cases (505/2,507) including 16.8% of dilatations and 5.4% of aneurysms. CONCLUSION: Compared with a previous study in 1991-1993, this data showed somewhat increased mean age, increased recurrence rate and decreased incidence of coronary arterial abnormalities statistically. Studies like this needs to be continued in the future to determine the epidemiologic trends of Kawasaki disease in Korea.
Aneurysm ; Cardiology ; Coronary Aneurysm ; Dilatation ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Recurrence ; Siblings

BACKGROUND: Despite improved managements for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), its mortality remains high. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as the final option for the treatment of ARDS unresponsive to conventional measures. This study describes our experiences of venovenous ECMO support for the treatment of ARDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2007 and 2010, 56 patients (aged 56.6+/-13.4 years, 43 males) received venovenous ECMO for the treatment of ARDS. The detailed clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Before the institution of ECMO support, 35 patients (55.4%) required nitric oxide inhalation, 35 patients (55.4%) received continuous renal replacement therapy, and 20 patients (35.7%) were in shock status. The median duration of ECMO support was 164 hours (range, 5 to 1,413 hours). 27 (48%) patients could be successfully weaned from ECMO. Of them, 7 (13%) survived to discharge. On logistic regression analysis, a requirement for higher inspiratory pressure before ECMO support was the only significant factor that could predict ECMO weaning failure. CONCLUSION: The outcome of venovenous ECMO support for the treatment of ARDS was suboptimal. Further improvements in outcomes should be made through the accumulation of experience and establishment of a standardized protocol for the management of ECMO.
Adult ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Logistic Models ; Nitric Oxide ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; Weaning