Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), Keratomileusis In Situ (KM), Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), and clear lens extraction have been performed for high myopic patients. Among the above surgical procedures KM and LASIK are applied to young patients in general. However, comparison of clinical results of these two procedures was not reported yet in Korea. To evaluate the clinical results of KM (n=16) and LASIK (n=11) for high myopic patients between -15 diopter (D) and -23 diopter (D), spherical equivalent (S.E) and uncorrected visual acuity were studied for more than ten months, retrospectively. The mean S.E. was changed from -17.36 D before operation to -3.70 D ten months after operation in KM, whereas it was from -17.41 D to -0.31 D in LASIK. At ten months after operation, uncorrected visual acuity equal or better than best corrected visual acuity before operation was 43. 8% in KM and 63. 6% in LASIK. This results show that the clinical result of LASIK were superior to that of KM for high myopia.
Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Korea ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

We evaluated the effect of the pregnane X receptor agonist, pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) on the expression levels of plasma monoamine transporter (PMAT) in the intestine. Male C57/BL6 mice were divided into two 2 groups: mice in the PCN group (n=3) were administered PCN once a day for 4 days, while those in the control group (n=3) received the same volume of vehicle once a day for 4 days. After the mice were killed 24 h after administration of the last dose of PCN or vehicle, and the expression levels of PMAT in the intestine tissues were isolated and measured the expression level of PMAT using immunohistochemical and western blotting analyses. The expression level of PMAT expression levels in the small intestine increased after PCN treatment. These results suggest that the induction of PMAT may play a clinically significant role by increasing intestinal absorption of PMAT substrates such as metformin.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Membrane* ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines ; Male ; Metformin ; Mice ; Plasma ; Pregnenolone Carbonitrile

Posterior epidural migration of a sequestrated intervertebral lumbar disc is rare with only five cases ever reported in the literature so far. The objective of this paper is to report our experience of such a extremely rare case with a review the literature

PURPOSE: This study is to evaluate the effectiveness on patency rates of two silicone tube intubation comparing with one silicone tube intubation in endonasal dacryorhinostomy. METHODS: The 99 patients' charts were reviewed on patency rate and the cause of failure in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction, who had undergone endonasal DCR with two sets of silicone tube intubation. Another 100 patients who underwent endoscopic DCR with single silicone tube intubation, were enrolled in this study as the control group to compare the patency rates and the causes of failure between the two groups. RESULTS: Double silicone tube intubation group showed much higher lacrimal patency rates (89.9%) than that (84.0%) of single silicone intubation group. It seems to be due to less membrane formation (4%) at the site of internal ostium by sufficient bougination in two silicone tube intubation group compared with one silicone tube intubation group (16%). Two silicone tube intubation in endonasal DCR was more effective in preserving the lacrimal patency and avoidance of membranous obstruction at newly created nasal ostium (P=0.03). There were no significant differences in the size of nasal cavity, sex and age distributions, and postoperative cares between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Two silicone tube intubation can be considered to be a method of improving success rate in endonasal DCR.
Age Distribution ; Dacryocystorhinostomy* ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Membranes ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Silicones*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the strength of the knee and pulmonary function comparing collegians and hockey players in college. METHOD: KINdegreeCOM isokinetic dynamometer and medigraph were used to evaluate strength of the right lower extremity and pulmonary function to 30 male students comprising 15 hockey players and 15 collegians with no significant difference in age, weight, and height between the two groups. All subjects used their right lower limb as dominant limb. RESULTS: 1) The significant differences between collegians and hockey players were found in the peak torque at 60o/sec,180o/sec. 2) The siginficant differences between collegians and hockey players were found in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and expiratory reserve volume on the pulmonary function. 3) The significant correlation between isokinetic strength and pulmonary function were found in peak torque. CONCLUSION: It is turned out that hockey players in college have much better isokinetic strength and pulmonary function than collegians, so it is suggested this result have to be considered in selecting hockey players and exercise prescription.
Expiratory Reserve Volume ; Extremities ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Hockey* ; Humans ; Knee* ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Prescriptions ; Torque ; Vital Capacity

No abstract available.
Baculoviridae* ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Pseudorabies*

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a method of how to remove epithelium grown beneath the hinge area after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) without affecting the refractive part of the lenticule. In three cases, an incision was made at the base of the hinge by RK diamond knife to free the lenticule from the stroma. The lenticule was lifted from the nasal edge. The epithelium grown along the interface beneath the hinge area was removed with a Bard-Parker No. 15 knife. The lenticular flap was repositioned with interrupted sutures using 10-0 nylon. No further epithelial ingrowth was observed. The central cornea remained clear leaving a peripheral ring-shaped opacity without affecting the preoperative naked visual acuity. In conclusion, epithelial ingrowth along the interface after LASIK can be removed safely without affecting the refractive part by the incision of the hinge area with a RK diamond knife, removal of the epithelium, and suturing of the lenticule to the stromal bed.
Adult ; Epithelium, Corneal/surgery* ; Epithelium, Corneal/pathology* ; Female ; Human ; Keratectomy, Photorefractive, Excimer Laser/adverse effects* ; Male ; Reoperation ; Suture Techniques ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity/physiology

Detachment of a keratomileusis lenticule or extensive epithelial ingrowth is a difficult complication to amnage. Seven cases of extensive interfacial epithelial ingrowth were occurred following in situ keratomileusis or laser in situ keratoileusis. After the removal of epithelial ingrowth, we tried to reattach the lenticule to the stromal bed by drying the cap with air, or by suturing using interrupted sutures or double running sutures. Three detached cases were applied with air dry, only one case was reattached. Two other cases were failed due to epithelial ingrowth along the interface. In spite of the interupted sutures, the epithelial ingrowth along the interface recurred. In one of them, the edge of the lenticule was burried into the stroma and the lenticule was attached to the cornea leaving a ring-shaped opacity peripherally. In the other four cases, the lenticule was attached to the cornea successfully without epithelial ingrowth along the interface with double running sutures. Detached lenticules with extensive epithelial ingrowth following keratomileusis can be managed successfully by double running suture technique.
Cornea ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Running ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Brain*

Pontine hematoma would be diagnosed and made its follow-up readily as the extent of hematoma could be clearly defined since the CT scan was available, especially with MRI in recent. Authors attemped to analyse 20 cases of pontine hematoma clinically, considering factors of influence their prognosis, admitted in Inha hospital from March 1989 to February 1992. Classification of pontine hematoma was made out according to the findings of brain CT scan taken on admission:2 cases of Type T1 to the hematoma localized in the tegmentum unilaterally, 1 case of Type T to those in the tegmentum bilaterally with some extent into the 4th ventricle, 12 in Type T to those in the tegmentum, midbrain and mostly the 4th ventricle, and 5 in Type B to those in the basis pontis mainly with tegmentum and midbrain. Of 219 spontaneous intracerebral hematoma, pontine hematoma was 9.1%. 17 hypertension and 11 previous CVA episodes including 7 cerebral infarction and 4 ICH were endountered. Age distribution was 50% in 6th decade and male to female ratio was 3:2. On admission 14 cases were under 6 in Glasgow coma scale, 6 small reactive pupils and 11 ocular bobbing. Particularly, nuclear facial paralysis was 14 in initial bilateral type, of which 7 dead within 10 days, 5 fixed in left facial paralysis and 1 case into right paralysis later. Four surgical interventions were 1 simple EVD, 1 Urokinase irrigation through EVD, 1 steretactic aspiration and 1 direct hematoma removal. Prognosis was related to various factos:GCS on entry, volume and classification of hematoma, in addition to laterality of nuclear facial paralysis. Clinical course was better in cases over 10 GCS on entry, volume and classification of hematoma, in addition to laterality of nuclear facial paralysis. Clinical course was better in cases over 10 GCS, Type T1 and T2, and unilateral facial paralysis in which the ratio of left to right was 2:1, while it was very poor in patients who were GCS below 6, Type B and bilateral facial paralysis. On the contrary, 7 of 20 cases were dead within 10 days, 13 patients alive for more 3 months after the hemorrhage were observed with fixed facial paralysis in nuclear type, 1 ilateral, 4 right, and 8 left side. It is suggested and requested for further careful follow-up that the hemorrhage may occur from the border zone between paramedian, short and long circumferential arteries supplying transection area of the pons unilaterally, near on around the facial nucleus, more frequent in left side.
Age Distribution ; Arteries ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction ; Classification ; Facial Paralysis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mesencephalon ; Paralysis ; Pons ; Prognosis* ; Pupil ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator