Purpose: In this study, we investigated whether the antigenic changes of the virus-like particles (VLPs) are affected by the temperature during storage. Materials and Methods: After exposing the recombinant influenza VLPs to various temperatures for a period, antigenic changes were examined through in vitro hemagglutination receptor binding assay and in vivo mouse experiments. Results: Influenza VLPs were exposed at three different temperatures of low, middle, and high on a thermo-hygrostat. High temperature exposed influenza VLPs were showed significantly reduced HA activity and immunogenicity after mouse single immunization over time compared low and middle. When the VLPs exposed to the high temperature were inoculated once in the mice, it was found that the immunogenicity was significantly reduced compared to the VLPs exposed to the low temperature. However, these differences were almost neglected when mice were inoculated twice even with VLPs exposed to high temperatures. Conclusion This study suggests that similar protective effects can be expected by controlling the number of vaccination and storage conditions, although the antigenic change in the VLP vaccines occurred when exposed to high temperature.

Purpose: In this study, we investigated whether the antigenic changes of the virus-like particles (VLPs) are affected by the temperature during storage. Materials and Methods: After exposing the recombinant influenza VLPs to various temperatures for a period, antigenic changes were examined through in vitro hemagglutination receptor binding assay and in vivo mouse experiments. Results: Influenza VLPs were exposed at three different temperatures of low, middle, and high on a thermo-hygrostat. High temperature exposed influenza VLPs were showed significantly reduced HA activity and immunogenicity after mouse single immunization over time compared low and middle. When the VLPs exposed to the high temperature were inoculated once in the mice, it was found that the immunogenicity was significantly reduced compared to the VLPs exposed to the low temperature. However, these differences were almost neglected when mice were inoculated twice even with VLPs exposed to high temperatures. Conclusion This study suggests that similar protective effects can be expected by controlling the number of vaccination and storage conditions, although the antigenic change in the VLP vaccines occurred when exposed to high temperature.

No abstract available.
Female ; Ovary* ; Teratoma*

Double elevator palsy (DEP) is an unusual anomaly of ocular motility in which both elevator muscles of the same eye are weak with a resultant inability or reduced ability to elevate the eye and hypotropia. This anomaly is occured congenitally, but occasionally occured as an acquired form. Congenital DEP, which is main cause of the monocular elevation paralysis, is characterized by the progressive deterioration and the absence of diplopia. The etiology is obscure, but is thought to be supranuclear lesion. We observed DEP of the same side of eyes in two patients who were brothers. The limitation of elevation and hypotropia were improved after Knapp's transposition procedure or Jensen's procedure.
Diplopia ; Elevators and Escalators* ; Humans ; Muscles ; Paralysis* ; Siblings*

We measured the axial length according to age in the eyeball of premature infants who were born at our hospital. Our patients were 36 weeks old below in conceptual age, 38 eyes in 19 males, 28 eyes in 14 females. total 66 eyes in 33 premature infants. And we examined the axial length using the A-mode of the LTZ/SSW-48. 7MHz for 1 month at each weeks. The results were as follows: 1. The mean axial length was 16.56mm (15.40-17.80) at 1st week of life. 16.82mm (15.43-17.95) at 2nd week, 17.01mm(15.71-18.01) at 3rd week, 17.04mm (15.72-18.24) at 4th week. 2. The mean axial length of 1st week was 16.77mm in male, 16.34mm in female; at 2nd week, 16.91mm in male, 16.72mm in female; at 3rd week, 17.09mm in male, 16.90mm in female; at 4th week, 17.12mm in male, 16.96mm in female and they did not show significant difference between male and female premature infants.
Biometry* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Male ; Ultrasonics*

Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a relatively common cause of temporary or permanent visual impairment after cataract extraction. Fluorescein angiography is indispensable to diagnose the CME. Intravenous fluorescein angiography is asscciated with a high incidene of minor adverse effects but a very low incidence of life-threatening serious reactions. There are no reports of oral fluorescein causing a senous reaction, and minor adverse effects are uncommon. We had Performed the oral fluorescein angiography in 30 consecutive cases (31 eyes) to detect the CME after cataract extraction. Two eyes (6.45%) had definite evidence of CME on the fluorograms. The typical angiogram of CME were obtained at 30 or 40 minutes after they had taken the fluorescein sodium. A dose of 20mg/Kg body weight produced good quality angiograms in 71% of the patients. There was no serious reaction but a mild pruritus was noted in one patient(3.3%). Therefore, we have concluded that the oral fluorescem agniography is very useful method because the oral fluorogram may avoid the adverse effect that could occur in intravenous fluorescein injection and be comparable in quality with those produced by intrvenous fluorescein.
Body Weight ; Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Fluorescein Angiography* ; Fluorescein* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Macular Edema* ; Pruritus ; Vision Disorders

In determining the effects of strabismus surgery, it is very important to know where the reattachment site of an extraocular muscle following recession procedure is located. Undercorrections or overcorrections after muscle surgery have been thought to be due to a postoperative positional changes of reattachment site along the surface of the globe. The author performed this experimental study to evaluate the amounts of changes of reattachment site after recession procedure in rabbit with 4 different methods of scleral fixation;direct suture with 6-0 vicryl, hang-back suture, application with Tisseel and Histoacryl. Superior rectus recession was performed in all 40 rabbit eyes, 10 eyes in each group. The distance from limbus to proximal end of recessed superior rectus muscle was measured on day 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 postoperatively. Further measurements were followed at 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks after recession procedure. The muscles were found an average of 0.4mm posterior to the intended position in direct suture group and 0.5 mmin hang-back suture group at one week postoperatively. But in the other two groups in which tissue adhesive agents, Tisseel and Histoacryl were used, the amount of displacement of the reattachment site were minimal of within 0.1 mm. From this experimental study, it is suggested that the positional changes of the reattachment site after recession procedure may influence the surgical corrective effects for strabismus.
Enbucrilate ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Muscles ; Polyglactin 910 ; Strabismus ; Sutures ; Tissue Adhesives

Cryotherapy or photocoagulation is indicated for threshcld stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity. Twenty-three infants with threshold stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity were treated with cryotherapy and were analyzed from June 1988 10 December 1991. In patient with cryotherapy, mean gestational age was 30.0 weeks, mean birth weight was 1281gm, and mean number of cryoapplications was 45.4. 32 of 44 eyes (72.7%) had favorable outcomes, and 12 of 44 eyes (27.3%) had unfavorable outcomes.
Birth Weight ; Cryotherapy* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Light Coagulation ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*

PURPOSE: To characterize the MRI appearance of the peripherally located schwannoma as compared with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 11 cases of 13 lesions of the schwannoma confirmed by pathology were analyzed, retrospectively. T11 T2 and Gadolinium-enhanced T1 weighted sagittal and axial images were obtained. The signal intensity, contour of lesion, and relationship with surrounding tissue were analyzed. All cases were correlated with MRI and pathologic findings. RESULTS: In 9 out of the 11 cases, schwannoma was connected to the main nerve trunk. Among them, tumors were located centrally in 6 cases and eccentrically in 3 cases. MR findings of schwannoma were iso signal intensity on T1WI(8 cases) with muscle intensity, high signal intensity on T2WI(all cases), strong heterogenous enhancement in all cases. 8 cases showing heterogenous appearance on T2WI, showed mixture of Antoni-A and B area and multifocal hemorrhage. Central low and peripheral high signal intensity on T2Wl(Target sign) was mainly high cellular component in the central portion and diffuse myxoid degeneration at the periphery, pathologically. Reversed target appea.rance(central high, peripheral low on T2WI) revealed central cystic degeneration with low cellular component and hemorrhage in the central portion, and high cellular component at the periphery. Linear band-like low signal intensity on T2WI, suggesting capsule of the schwannoma, was not the true capsule proven by pathology. Thin true capsule was not visualized on T2WI. CONCLUSION: MR appearance of schwannoma was non-specific. The signal intensity on T2 weighted MR imaging was determined by the presence of multifocal hemorrhage, focal cystic and myxoid degeneration, admixture of Antoni-A and B area.
Hemorrhage ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neurilemmoma* ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To characterize the MRI appearance of the peripherally located schwannoma as compared with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 11 cases of 13 lesions of the schwannoma confirmed by pathology were analyzed, retrospectively. T11 T2 and Gadolinium-enhanced T1 weighted sagittal and axial images were obtained. The signal intensity, contour of lesion, and relationship with surrounding tissue were analyzed. All cases were correlated with MRI and pathologic findings. RESULTS: In 9 out of the 11 cases, schwannoma was connected to the main nerve trunk. Among them, tumors were located centrally in 6 cases and eccentrically in 3 cases. MR findings of schwannoma were iso signal intensity on T1WI(8 cases) with muscle intensity, high signal intensity on T2WI(all cases), strong heterogenous enhancement in all cases. 8 cases showing heterogenous appearance on T2WI, showed mixture of Antoni-A and B area and multifocal hemorrhage. Central low and peripheral high signal intensity on T2Wl(Target sign) was mainly high cellular component in the central portion and diffuse myxoid degeneration at the periphery, pathologically. Reversed target appea.rance(central high, peripheral low on T2WI) revealed central cystic degeneration with low cellular component and hemorrhage in the central portion, and high cellular component at the periphery. Linear band-like low signal intensity on T2WI, suggesting capsule of the schwannoma, was not the true capsule proven by pathology. Thin true capsule was not visualized on T2WI. CONCLUSION: MR appearance of schwannoma was non-specific. The signal intensity on T2 weighted MR imaging was determined by the presence of multifocal hemorrhage, focal cystic and myxoid degeneration, admixture of Antoni-A and B area.
Hemorrhage ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neurilemmoma* ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies