OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the corelation between an expression of lectins and survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix. METHODS: The cell surface carbohydrate profile of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue section of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix was evaluated using ulex europaeus agglutinin(UEA-1), peanut agglutinin(PNA), dolichos biflorus agglutinin(DBA), soybean agglutinin(SBA) and lotus tetragonobus lectin(LTL) by the avidin-biotin complex method. Fifty-one cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 10 cases of normal squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix were selected from the file which were treated during Jan. 89 to 31 Dec. 1992 in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Hospital. RESULTS: UEA-1 and LTL were negative in normal cervix while positive in 76.5%, 47.1% of squamous cell carcinoma respectively, and useful markers for differential diagnosis between normal and squamous cell carcinoma. SBA and LTL were useful for differential diagnosis of keratinizing and non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. UEA-1 may play an important role in lymphovascular invasion of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. CONCLUSIONS: There was no correlation among clinical staging, patient's survival and lectins binding in squamous cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dolichos ; Epithelium ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Korea ; Lectins* ; Lotus ; Obstetrics ; Paraffin ; Soybeans ; Ulex

To evaluate the radiographic characteristics of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and useful parameter for predicting mechanical stability, we retrospectively analysed 26 plain radiographic examinations and seven MR imagings in 28 cases of OCD in 24 patients. Typical radiologic findings were osteochondral defect with sclerotic rim of variable thickeness and osteochondral fragment. Sites of osteochondral defect were medial (35.9%) or lateral (32%) femoral chondyle and medial (7.1%) or lateral (25%) side of talar dome. Sclerotic rim was seen in 24 cases (85%) and osteochondral fragments including nine loose bodies were seen in 21 cases (75%). The size of osteochondral defect with unstable fragment (average 2.05cm) and loose body (2.04cm) in the knee joint were similar to, but statistically larger than that with stable fragment (1.35cm). All osteochondral defects were well visualized on MR images. Abnormalities of articular cartilage and effusion in the interface between the parent bone and fragment were seem in five cases of which there were confirmed three unstable cases arthroscopically. We conclude that size of defect may be a good parameter for predicting mechanical stability and MRI may be useful in the diagnosis of OCD and determining the methods of treatment.
Cartilage, Articular ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteochondritis Dissecans* ; Osteochondritis* ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies

CT has become the most useful, non-invasive diagnostic method as the initial exmination in the diagnosis ofruptured intracranial aneurysm with intracranial hemorrhage(subarachnoid, intracerebral and intraventricularhemorrhage), hydrocephalus and infarction. Furthermore, high resolution CT can demonstrate aneurysm itself. Butangiography is the last and conclusive method as yet, for better evaluation of vascular anatomic structure ofaneurysm for surgery. Authors analyzed 40 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm confirmed by CT, angiographyand/or surgery at Chonnam National University Hospital from July, 83' to July, 85'. The results were as follows:1. The most prevalent age group was the 5th decade(35%), and female patient(57.5%) was more comon than male. 2.Angiographic findings were as follows: 1) Multiple aneurysm was found in 8 patients (20%): the one of thesepatients is tripple, the others are double. 2) The location of aneurysm, in order ot frequency, were : ACA andA-com aneurysm in 23 cases(47%). ICA and P-com aneurysm in 17 cases(35%), basilar tip aneurysm in 4 cases(8%), MCAaneurysm in 3 cases(6%) and PCA aneurysm in 1 case(2%). 3) Hydrocephalus was detected in 22 cases (55%): 21 cases(95%) of these cases were demonstarated within the first 3 weeks after attack. 4) Detection of aneurysm itseslfwas 20 cases(50%). 5) Cerebral infarction was 5 cases(12.5%). 6) Subarachnoid enhancement on post-contrast scanwas 8 cases(20%).
Aneurysm ; Cerebral Infarction ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infarction ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Methods ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis

Ultrasonography is a very useul diagnostic modality for the evaluation of clinically suspicious abdominalmasses in infants and children, especially in assessing their existence, size,location, origin and internalconsistency. Authors analyzed and present ultrasonographic findings of 92 pathologically and/or clinically provenpediatric abdominal masses that were studied and treated in Chonnam University Hospital during recent 4 years. Theresults were as follows: 1. The most common originating site was kidney(26 cases: 28.3%), followed bygastrointestinal tract (21 cases: 22.8%), genital organ(17 cases: 18.5%), non-renal retroperitoneum (13cases:18.5%), hepatobilary tract (12 cases:13.0%), and anterior abdominal wall (3 cases: 3.3%) in ordre offrequency. 2. The most common mass was hydonephrosis(18 cases: 19.6%). Neuroblastoma(7 cases:7.6%),hepatoblastoma, ovarian teratoma, periappendiceal abscess and abdominal tuberculosis(6 cases: 6.5%, respectively),Wilms tumor(5 cases: 5.4%) were next in order of frequency. 3. The sex distribution is rather similar, that is ,male 42(45.7%) and female 50(54.3%), but characteristically choledochal cyst(2 cases) and genital mass(17 cases)were found only in females. Considering age distribution, 78 cases(84.8%) were found within the range of one to 15years of age. The rest, 14 cases(15.2%), were under the age of one year. 4. With ultrasonography, the diagnosis ofhydronephrosis could be made easily in every case and we could evaluate its severity and level of obstruction withhigh accuracy. 5. All Wilms tumor were large, round or oval, sharply marginated and relatively homogenous solidmasses. 6. All neuroblastomas were irregular shaped, poorly defined, heterogeneous solid masses. Tumorcalcification and extension across the midline were noted in 6 cases(85.7%) and 5 cases(71.4%), respectively. 7.All periappendiceal abscesses had irregular thickened wall and posterior acoustic enhancement: 4 cases (66.7%)among them were mixed echo pattern and 2 cases(33.3%) ehco free. 8. Among the 6 abdominal tuberculoses, 2 wereseen as irregularly defined solid masses, 1 as conglomeration of multiple hypoechoic nodulles and 3 as mixedpatterns. 9. All hepatoblastomas were seen to be poorly marginated solid masses with more echogenicity thanadjacent normal hepatic echo in 5 cases except one. 10. Among the 6 ovarian teraomas, 4 cases were cystic and 2cases solid. Acoutic shadowing was seen in 3 cases. 11. Choledochal cyst (2 cases), hydrops of gallbladder(1cases) and cyst of pancreas head(1 cases) had similar ultrasonic appearance as a large elliptical systic mass,but, it was important in differential diagnosis to ascertain the existence of gallblader and the connectionbetween the cyst and bile duct.
Abdominal Wall ; Abscess ; Acoustics ; Age Distribution ; Bile Ducts ; Child ; Choledochal Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Edema ; Female ; Hepatoblastoma ; Humans ; Infant ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Neuroblastoma ; Pancreas ; Sex Distribution ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Teratoma ; Tuberculosis ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography ; Wilms Tumor

In the past, arthrodesjs was a widely used procedure but in recent times, with the development of replacement arthroplasty, decreased in tuberculosis and polio. etc, it is not commonly used by orthopedic surgeons. However, for those in the young age group, people employed in hard labor and patients with acute inflammatory disease, arthrodesis is through to be more appropriate than replacement arthroplasty. From January 1980 to December 1985, 20 cases of arthrodesis of the knee joint were carried out. The results were follows.; 1. Methods of arthrodesis used were Charnley compression arthrodesis in 10 cases, Hoffman compression arthrodesis in 2 cases, cross pinning in 3 cases and and cross pinning with patella graft in 5 cases. 2. Bone union was seen in all 12 cases of compression arthrodesis at an average of 21.3 weeks while bone union was seen in 7 out of 8 cases of non-compression arthrodesis at an average 25 weeks. 3. Among the 20 cases, complication were pseudoarthrthrosis in one case, pin tract infection in 2 cases and skin necrosis in 5 cases. 4. Inconclusion of the above results, bone union was carried out in 19 cases out of total 20 cases, and compression arthrodesis showed faster bone union at an average of 3.7 weeks earlier than non-compression arthrodesis.
Arthrodesis ; Arthroplasty, Replacement ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Patella ; Poliomyelitis ; Skin ; Surgeons ; Transplants ; Tuberculosis

Objective: To evaluate circularity as a quantitative shape factor of small renal tumor on computed tomography (CT) in differentiating fat-poor angiomyolipoma (AML) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: In 257 consecutive patients, 257 pathologically confirmed renal tumors (either AML or RCC less than 4 cm), which did not include visible fat on unenhanced CT, were retrospectively evaluated. A radiologist drew the tumor margin to measure the perimeter and area in all the contrast-enhanced axial CT images. In each image, a quantitative shape factor, circularity, was calculated using the following equation: 4 x π x (area ÷ perimeter 2 ). The median circularity (circularity index) was adopted as a representative value in each tumor. The circularity index was compared between fat-poor AML and RCC, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictor of fat-poor AML. Results: Of the 257 tumors, 26 were AMLs and 231 were RCCs (184 clear cell RCCs, 25 papillary RCCs, and 22 chromophobe RCCs). The mean circularity index of AML was significantly lower than that of RCC (0.86 ± 0.04 vs. 0.93 ± 0.02, p < 0.001).The mean circularity index was not different between the subtypes of RCCs (0.93 ± 0.02, 0.92 ± 0.02, and 0.92 ± 0.02 for clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe RCCs, respectively, p = 0.210). The area under the ROC curve of circularity index was 0.924 for differentiating fat-poor AML from RCC. The sensitivity and specificity were 88.5% and 90.9%, respectively (cut-off, 0.90). Lower circularity index (≤ 0.9) was an independent predictor (odds ratio, 41.0; p < 0.001) for predicting fat-poor AML on multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Circularity is a useful quantitative shape factor of small renal tumor for differentiating fat-poor AML from RCC.

Objective: To evaluate circularity as a quantitative shape factor of small renal tumor on computed tomography (CT) in differentiating fat-poor angiomyolipoma (AML) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: In 257 consecutive patients, 257 pathologically confirmed renal tumors (either AML or RCC less than 4 cm), which did not include visible fat on unenhanced CT, were retrospectively evaluated. A radiologist drew the tumor margin to measure the perimeter and area in all the contrast-enhanced axial CT images. In each image, a quantitative shape factor, circularity, was calculated using the following equation: 4 x π x (area ÷ perimeter 2 ). The median circularity (circularity index) was adopted as a representative value in each tumor. The circularity index was compared between fat-poor AML and RCC, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictor of fat-poor AML. Results: Of the 257 tumors, 26 were AMLs and 231 were RCCs (184 clear cell RCCs, 25 papillary RCCs, and 22 chromophobe RCCs). The mean circularity index of AML was significantly lower than that of RCC (0.86 ± 0.04 vs. 0.93 ± 0.02, p < 0.001).The mean circularity index was not different between the subtypes of RCCs (0.93 ± 0.02, 0.92 ± 0.02, and 0.92 ± 0.02 for clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe RCCs, respectively, p = 0.210). The area under the ROC curve of circularity index was 0.924 for differentiating fat-poor AML from RCC. The sensitivity and specificity were 88.5% and 90.9%, respectively (cut-off, 0.90). Lower circularity index (≤ 0.9) was an independent predictor (odds ratio, 41.0; p < 0.001) for predicting fat-poor AML on multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Circularity is a useful quantitative shape factor of small renal tumor for differentiating fat-poor AML from RCC.

Pneumothorax was recognized as a potential hazard of mechanical ventilation after tracheal intubation. Excessive pressure the trachea during general anesthesia could produce lung rupture and pneumothorax. The incidence of pneumothorax has increased as a result of increased application of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Emphysematous bleb rupture afterlaryngospasm, bronchospasm, or cough may be causes of pneumothorax. Tension pneumothorax during anesthesia is often difficult to diagnosis, but it needs prompt dignose and treatment. We experienced 3 cases of tension pneumothorax during and after general anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Blister ; Bronchial Spasm ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Lung ; Pneumothorax ; Respiration, Artificial ; Rupture ; Trachea

Many techniques have been tried to avoid the adverse effect of succinylcholine administe-red for endotracheal intubation especially wish the complication of increased IOP, hyperk-alemia, aspirationl pneumonia and post operative muscle pain, One of these is that the prior administration of a small, subparalyzing dose(15 ug/kg) of non-depolarizing muscle relaxant would shorten the onset time of an intubating dose(80 ug/kg) of muscle relaxant. Intra-venous lidocaine has bean effective in attenuating the reflex intra-ocular response to laryngoscopy Therefore, we determined the effectiveness of this drug regimen with and without intra venous lidocaine to attenuate the IOP, blood pressure and heart rate response to laryngos-copy and endotracheal intubation. Forty patients were divided intro two groups. Group l (n=20) administered saline 5 ml. Group ll(n=70) administered 2% preservative free lidocaine(1.5 mg/kg) as pretreatment drug. The results are as follows : 1) There was no statistically significant difference of intubation condition between one and another group. Among the forer patients, Grade 1,2,3,4 are 8(20%), 19(47.5%), 13(32.5%),0, in orders. 2) In the Saline Group, IOP, BP, HR increased significantly after laryngoscopy compared wiith control value. (p<0.001, P<0.05/p<0,001, p<0.005) and maintained above control values to 4~5 minutes later. 3) In the Lidocaine Group, IOP, BP, HR increased slightly after laryngoscopy compared with control value, but thege changes were not statistically significant, and decreased below control values in 2 min, 2min, 3 min after laryngoscopy each to each. From the above results, it is suggested that combined method of pretreatment of 2% lidofaine(1.5 mg/tg) and divided dose of pancuronium is valuable in general anesthesia of ophthalmic patient who need to attenuate the IOP.
Anesthesia, General ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy ; Lidocaine ; Myalgia ; Pancuronium* ; Pneumonia ; Reflex ; Succinylcholine

To find out the predictors of nocturnal arterial oxygen desaturation in patients with respiratory diseases, transcutaneous oxygen saturation(StcO2) monitoring studies using a pulse oximeter were performed during sleep in 20 patients. StcO2 was decreased more than 4% from the baseline value in 18 patients(90%) and more than 10%('Desaturator') in 8(40%). Five of the seven patients(71.4%) with awake PaO2<60mmHg and three of the thirteen patients(23.1%) with awake PaO2≥60mmHg were 'desaturators'. The awake PaO2/FIO2 and PaO2/PAO2 could distinguish 'desaturator' from 'nondesaturator, and PaO2, SaO2 or StcO2 could not. These results suggest that the nocturnal oxygen desaturation depends on the severity of the underlying disease rather than the baseline PaO2. Anthropomorphic and lung function factors could not separate between 'desaturator' and 'non-desaturator', and about a quarter of patients with a wake PaO2≥60mmHg developed significant desaturation. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation in patients with respiratory diseases regardless of their severity of airflow obstruction or awake PaO2.
Humans ; Lung ; Oxygen*