Zonulolytic effects of alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin were examined on rabbits' eyes using an apparatus which enables one to press the enucleated eyeballs. The time interval between the applications of enzymes and the protrusion of the lens was measured. The results showed that the trypsin was 4 to 5 times more effective than alpha-chymotrypsin.
Trypsin*

No abstract available.
Korea*

No abstract available.
Hyperthyroidism*

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is introduced as a marker of disease. At present, a variety of method may be used to quantify expression of this protein. Antigen capture-ELISA is a sensitive and accurate quantification method previously used with ovine, rat, and human IL-6 proteins. However, it has never been reported to quantify porcine IL-6 protein using capture ELISA. In this study, we generated and characterized a set of IgY and mono-specific polyclonal antibodies to recombinant porcine IL-6 (rpIL-6), and combining these with a sensitive and specific capture-ELISA for a diagnostic purpose. cDNA encoding the mature protein coding region of porcine IL-6 was cloned and expressed with pQE-30UA expression vector. rpIL-6 was then expressed and purified by using Ni-NTA resin. Protein mass of 24 kDa was found with SDS-PAGE and the identity of the protein was confirmed by Western-blot. Production of polyclonal antibodies against rpIL-6 was performed using the purified rpIL-6 in mice and hens. An antigen capture-ELISA was developed with the antibodies after their extraction. To compare the IL-6 level in the different sanitary state of farms, pig sera were randomly collected and concentration of IL-6 in the sera was measured with the antigen capture-ELISA. The capture-ELISA with the optimal concentration of antibodies, in this study, was able to detect about 10 ng/ml of rpIL-6. IL-6 levels determined with the capture-ELISA in pig sera showed positive correlation with the sanitary states of the farms. These results suggested that the developed antigen capture-ELISA could be a good tool for the screening of microbial infection in pig farms.
Animals ; Biological Markers/blood ; Blotting, Western/veterinary ; Chickens ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics/isolation&purification ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/veterinary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods/*veterinary ; Female ; Immunoglobulins/*blood ; Interleukin-6/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Swine/*immunology

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

No Abstract Available.

Repairing of lacrimal canalicular laceration has some controversies on the golden time of surgery, the suture method, and the materials for stent. Recently, intubation of silicone tubes has become popular for repair of lacrimal canalicular injuries. Thirty-two cases of injured lacrimal canaliculi were repaired with use of silicone tube stents. The surgery can be done with monocanalicular(10 patients) or bicanalicular(22 patient) methods. The follow-up period was from two to eighteen months(mean ten months). Seven cases using the monocanalicular method and nineteen cases using the bicanalicular method were successful. Three cases of monocanalicular method had epiphora with canalicular obstruction due to early loss of the silicone tube. In monocanalicular method, postoperative complications were punctal granuloma(1 case), punctal slits(2 cases), and early loss of the silicone tube(3 cases). In bicanalicular method, postoperative complications were persistent epiphora during the period of intubaion(4 cases), conjunctival irritation sign(3 cases) and loop retraction(1 case). In conclusion, the success rate of bicanalicular stents were higher than that of monocanalicular stents for canalicular laceration. But the bicanalicular stent had some complications including cosmetic problem, possibility of injuries to the normal canaliculus during intubation, conjuntival irritation sign, and loop retraction.
Follow-Up Studies ; Intubation* ; Lacerations ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Postoperative Complications ; Silicones* ; Stents ; Sutures

In order to extract useful tumor cell-specific information. DNA contents and other morphological parameters were measured by image analysis. Single cell preparation was made from archived paraffin blocks of 14 cases of bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated, by protease treatment. The cells were Feulgen stained, and DNA content, area, perimeter, and major axis of the tumor cell nuclei were measured. Inflammatory lymphocytes concurrent with the tumor cells were used as an internal standard. DNA ploidies of the lymphocytes and 2C tumor cells showed simple peaks with Gaussian distribution and mean coefficients of variation of 10% and 14% respectively. By the location and proportion of the tumor cells other than 2C cells, DNA ploidies could be classified into diploidy(1 case), polyploidy(2 cases), and aneuploidy(11 cases). The mean proportion of DNA aneuploidal tumor cells relative to the total tumor cells was 82.8%. In 8 cases, nuclear areas showed more or less overlapped distribution, whereas DNA contents showed discrete peaks. THes results suggest that many bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas, poorly differentiated, have DNA aneuploidy and high proportion of aneuploidal cells, and that nuclear size and DNA content are more or less independent parameters.

BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia is a common problem, affecting approximately 50 percent of men and perhaps many women, over the age of 40 in Caucasians. There have been several reports about the prevalence and types of androgenet clopecia in the general population of Caucasians however the prevalence and types of and renetic alopecia has not been reported in the general population of Korea. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to ascertain the prevalence ar d ypes of androgenetic alopecia in Koreans and to compare it with that of the Caueasian. METHODS: A survey on the prevalence and clinical types of aidrogenetic alopecia was conducted by one dermatologet from July to September, 1993. The total number of subjects was 1224 males and 1094 females. RESULTS: The following esults were obtained from this sudy l. In men, the prevalence rate of androgenetic alopecia increased steadily with advancing age and the prevalence rate of more advanced degrees of alepcia(types V, VI and VII) remained relatively low until the seventh decade of life. The preralence rates until the age of sixties in Korean men were lower than that of the white and is pattern became closer with that of the white after the seventies. 2. In Korean women, the prevalence rate of androgenetic was lower than that of the white until fifties and it increased markedly after sixties. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of androgenetic alopecia in Korean was lower than that of the Caucasian. Our data adicates that Korean men have a late onset of baldness and more preservation of the frontal hair line with decreased frequencyte frontoparitetal loss than the Caucasian.
Alopecia* ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence*

BACKGROUND: The proper management of the patients with hypotention remains a difficult clinical problem. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gepefrin in the treament of symptomatic hypotensive patients in outpatient clinic of university hospital. METHODS: Thirty milligrams of Gepefrin was given twice daily for 4 weeks in 30 patients with hypotension(6 males, 24 females ; 23-60 years of age). Blood pressure, heart rate, subjective symptoms and side effects were checked before medication and at the end of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th week of medication. RESULTS: 1) Grpefrin increased sitting systolic blood pressure significantly(p<0.05) by the end of 1st week and thereafter. 2) Hypotensive symptoms were improved in 76% of hypotensive patients and overall rate of usefulness was 70%. 3) Heart rate did not change significantly. 4) One patient complained of loose bowel movement and another one, of anorexia among 30 study patients and all laboratory parameters were within normal limits before and after drug treatment, thus the rate of safety was 93%. CONCLUSION: Results from this study suggests that gepefrin 60mg daily increases the blood pressure mildly and improves the symptoms moderately in symptomatic hypotensive patients.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Anorexia ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension* ; Male ; Quality of Life