Zonulolytic effects of alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin were examined on rabbits' eyes using an apparatus which enables one to press the enucleated eyeballs. The time interval between the applications of enzymes and the protrusion of the lens was measured. The results showed that the trypsin was 4 to 5 times more effective than alpha-chymotrypsin.
Trypsin*

No abstract available.
Korea*

No abstract available.
Hyperthyroidism*

No Abstract Available.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is introduced as a marker of disease. At present, a variety of method may be used to quantify expression of this protein. Antigen capture-ELISA is a sensitive and accurate quantification method previously used with ovine, rat, and human IL-6 proteins. However, it has never been reported to quantify porcine IL-6 protein using capture ELISA. In this study, we generated and characterized a set of IgY and mono-specific polyclonal antibodies to recombinant porcine IL-6 (rpIL-6), and combining these with a sensitive and specific capture-ELISA for a diagnostic purpose. cDNA encoding the mature protein coding region of porcine IL-6 was cloned and expressed with pQE-30UA expression vector. rpIL-6 was then expressed and purified by using Ni-NTA resin. Protein mass of 24 kDa was found with SDS-PAGE and the identity of the protein was confirmed by Western-blot. Production of polyclonal antibodies against rpIL-6 was performed using the purified rpIL-6 in mice and hens. An antigen capture-ELISA was developed with the antibodies after their extraction. To compare the IL-6 level in the different sanitary state of farms, pig sera were randomly collected and concentration of IL-6 in the sera was measured with the antigen capture-ELISA. The capture-ELISA with the optimal concentration of antibodies, in this study, was able to detect about 10 ng/ml of rpIL-6. IL-6 levels determined with the capture-ELISA in pig sera showed positive correlation with the sanitary states of the farms. These results suggested that the developed antigen capture-ELISA could be a good tool for the screening of microbial infection in pig farms.
Animals ; Biological Markers/blood ; Blotting, Western/veterinary ; Chickens ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics/isolation&purification ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/veterinary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods/*veterinary ; Female ; Immunoglobulins/*blood ; Interleukin-6/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Swine/*immunology

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

Repairing of lacrimal canalicular laceration has some controversies on the golden time of surgery, the suture method, and the materials for stent. Recently, intubation of silicone tubes has become popular for repair of lacrimal canalicular injuries. Thirty-two cases of injured lacrimal canaliculi were repaired with use of silicone tube stents. The surgery can be done with monocanalicular(10 patients) or bicanalicular(22 patient) methods. The follow-up period was from two to eighteen months(mean ten months). Seven cases using the monocanalicular method and nineteen cases using the bicanalicular method were successful. Three cases of monocanalicular method had epiphora with canalicular obstruction due to early loss of the silicone tube. In monocanalicular method, postoperative complications were punctal granuloma(1 case), punctal slits(2 cases), and early loss of the silicone tube(3 cases). In bicanalicular method, postoperative complications were persistent epiphora during the period of intubaion(4 cases), conjunctival irritation sign(3 cases) and loop retraction(1 case). In conclusion, the success rate of bicanalicular stents were higher than that of monocanalicular stents for canalicular laceration. But the bicanalicular stent had some complications including cosmetic problem, possibility of injuries to the normal canaliculus during intubation, conjuntival irritation sign, and loop retraction.
Follow-Up Studies ; Intubation* ; Lacerations ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Postoperative Complications ; Silicones* ; Stents ; Sutures

PURPOSE: The prognosis of stage IV gastric cancer is poor, but some patients with stage IV gastric cancer survive for more than 5 years. We investigated the prognostic factors of the stage IV gastric cancer in the patients with survival for more than 5 years after resection of the primary lesion. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 194 patients that underwent resection of stage IV gastric cancer from January 1997 to June 2000 in our hospital. We investigated clinicopathological characteristics between patients surviving 5 years or more group (n=17) and less than 5 years group (n=177) with chi-square and T-test. We used univariate analysis with Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, and multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazard model to investigate prognositic factors for survival rate about each characteristic. RESULTS: In clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups, we observed statistical significance in regard to macroscopic findings (P=0.035), but not in the others. Curative resection (P=0.001) and intravenous chemotherapy (P=0.012) had statistically significant influence on 5-year survival curve. Multivariate analysis showed that curative resection was a significant factor for long-term survival rates (P=0.005), but chemotherapy and macroscopic type had no effect on survival rate. CONCLUSION: Although this study has the limitation of a retrospective study and total patient number in the 5-year survival group, curative resection may be important, as a prognostic factor, and active treatments should be performed for stage IV gastric cancer.
Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Almost of the term infants pass the first stool and urine within 48 hours after birth and delay of first defecation and voiding is considered as an initial sign of congenital intestinal obstruction or gastrointertinal motility disorder. In the premature infants, although they do not have congenital intestinal obstruction, the time of first defecation or voiding is delayed beacause of developmental prematurity of the gastrointestinal motility. To know factors which affect the time of first defecation and voiding, we studied. METHODS: From February 1993 to May 1995, Newborns (24 term, 77 premature, total 101) who were delivered in Soonchunhyang University Hospital without congenital intestinal obstruction were reviewed retrospectively about the relationship between the factors such as birth weight, gestational age, delivery type or the first feeding time and the first defecation or voiding time. RESULTS: 1) All of the term infants passed the first stool within 24 hours after birth. 2) Among the infants who passed the first stool after 24 hours since birth, 27.6% were 32-36 weeks and 40.5% were 27-31 weeks of gestational age. 3) Among the infants who passed the first stool after 24 hours since birth, 14.3% were 2,000-2,499gm, 35.7% were 1,500-1,999gm and 55% were 1,000-1,499gm of birth weight. 4) There was no statistically significant correlation between the first defecation time and sex, type of delivery or time of first feeding time. 5) Most of the term and premature infants passed the first urine within 24 hours after birth. There was no difference according to gestational age, birth weight, type of delivery or first feeding time. CONCLUSIONS: In larger parts of the premature and preterm infants, the first defecation wa delayed for 24 hours after birth. So, we should wait the first defecation more than 24 hours after birth in prematurity.
Birth Weight ; Defecation* ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Almost of the term infants pass the first stool and urine within 48 hours after birth and delay of first defecation and voiding is considered as an initial sign of congenital intestinal obstruction or gastrointertinal motility disorder. In the premature infants, although they do not have congenital intestinal obstruction, the time of first defecation or voiding is delayed beacause of developmental prematurity of the gastrointestinal motility. To know factors which affect the time of first defecation and voiding, we studied. METHODS: From February 1993 to May 1995, Newborns (24 term, 77 premature, total 101) who were delivered in Soonchunhyang University Hospital without congenital intestinal obstruction were reviewed retrospectively about the relationship between the factors such as birth weight, gestational age, delivery type or the first feeding time and the first defecation or voiding time. RESULTS: 1) All of the term infants passed the first stool within 24 hours after birth. 2) Among the infants who passed the first stool after 24 hours since birth, 27.6% were 32-36 weeks and 40.5% were 27-31 weeks of gestational age. 3) Among the infants who passed the first stool after 24 hours since birth, 14.3% were 2,000-2,499gm, 35.7% were 1,500-1,999gm and 55% were 1,000-1,499gm of birth weight. 4) There was no statistically significant correlation between the first defecation time and sex, type of delivery or time of first feeding time. 5) Most of the term and premature infants passed the first urine within 24 hours after birth. There was no difference according to gestational age, birth weight, type of delivery or first feeding time. CONCLUSIONS: In larger parts of the premature and preterm infants, the first defecation wa delayed for 24 hours after birth. So, we should wait the first defecation more than 24 hours after birth in prematurity.
Birth Weight ; Defecation* ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies