PURPOSE: Transaxillary and periareolar incision in augmentation mammaplasty has risks of injury to branches of intercostal nerves that lead to sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The aim of study was to compare the incidence of sensory loss between two groups according to incision method. METHODS: One hundred seventy one cases that received transaxillary or periareolar subpectoral breast augmentation at the M.D. Clinic from Jan. 2006 to Jul. 2007 were evaluated for sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The cases were divided into transaxillary (118 cases, 69%) and periareolar group (53 cases, 31%). The type of sensory loss was divided into temporary and permanent. The postoperative follow-up periods were from 7 to 22 months (mean: 8.5 months). RESULTS: In cases of upper inner arm, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 9 cases (7.6%) and permanent in 2 cases (1.7%) in the transaxillary incision group and, temporary sensory loss in 1 case (1.9%) and no permanent sensory loss in the periareolar incision group. There is no statistical difference between the two groups for permanent sensory loss (P=0.340). In cases of nipples, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 26 cases (22%) and permanent sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) in the transaxillary incision group, and temporary sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) and permanent sensory loss in 3 cases (5.7%) in the periareolar incision group. There was no statistical difference between two groups (P=0.335). CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in sensory loss of upper arm and nipple between transaxillary and periareolar approach after subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty.
Arm ; Breast ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Intercostal Nerves ; Mammaplasty ; Nipples

No abstract available.
Empyema* ; Typhoid Fever* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to survey hygiene behavior of healthcare personnel according to the Hygiene Inventory 23 (HI23) and to use the results in education and research for promoting hygiene behaviors. METHODS: We sampled a total of 400 people with 50 from each job category. The sample was obtained through convenient sampling among 8,200 employees working at a tertiary-care hospital with 2,600 beds in Seoul. The HI23 consisted of 5 subscales and 8 questions on general hygiene, 3 on household hygiene, 3 on food-related hygiene, 5 on hand hygiene methods, and 4 on personal hygiene, resulting in a total of 23 questions. The researcher also added 14 questions on the general characteristics of the subjects. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed on October 2009 and analyzed blindly. RESULTS: The average total score for hygiene behavior was 3.04+/-0.44 (maximum of 4). In the subcategory of hygiene behavior, the mean score was 3.20+/-4.24 for general hygiene, 3.07+/-0.68 for household hygiene, 3.07+/-0.68 for food-related hygiene, 2.91+/-0.69 for hand hygiene methods, and 2.97+/-0.48 for personal hygiene. When factors affecting the level of hygiene behavior were identified through multivariate regression analysis, independent factors were found to be gender (female), job category (food-related job), experience in hand hygiene education, and experience in teaching hand hygiene or general hygiene. CONCLUSION: Programs and education adapted to the characteristics of each job category in hospitals are needed to promote hygiene behaviors such as general hygiene, hand hygiene methods, household hygiene, food-related hygiene, and personal hygiene.
Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Hand Disinfection ; Hand Hygiene ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Clonorchiasis*

The duration of infection, frequency of eating raw fresh water fishes, and a series of liver function tests were studied in a group of 23 Korean symptomless cases with Clonorchis sinensis, and compared with those in a control group of uninfected persons. Of 23 lightly infected cases, 11 cases who had been infected for 10 to 20 years was found the highest in percentage(47.8), and 2 had been infected for over 30 years. The frequency of eating raw fresh water fishes ranged from 2 to 35 times. The range of Stoll egg-counts in 23 cases varied from 600 to 8,600 eggs per gram of feces and the average value was approximately 2,800 eggs. A series of liver function tests examined showed normal value in all cases. These results showed no difference in either infected group and its contol group.
parasitology-trematode-Clonorchiasis sinensis, epidemiology ; egg per gram ; liver function test

Authors' presented an interesting case, 19 years old boy, who was been suffered from retinal periphlebitis of both eyes which thought to be induced by Barre Syndrome. This patient also has pulmonary tuberculosis and visual symptoms of Barre Syndrome in this case were ocular pain and visual disturbance that appeared and disappeared suddenly due probably to irritation of the ventral nerve roots (C5 to T1) with also irritation of sympathetic fibers contained in them.
Adrenergic Fibers ; Humans ; Male ; Phlebitis* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Erectile Dysfunction* ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Male

No abstract available.
Prune Belly Syndrome* ; Turner Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell* ; Ulcer*