To find out the good visual environment for reading, the methods of illumination were studied using Arden Contrast Sensitivity System. Among various factors for comfortable reading condition such as air condition, temperature, humidity, noise and light, the intensity and characters of illumination were the most important factors for eye health. If the character of illuminations are fairly good, to make the brighter condition is better for eye hdalth. But in artificial illumination, there are so many limitations for supplying light of good characters. So we set the luminosity on the desk to 500 lx in which tbe best visual acuity presented, and checked the contrast sensitivity by changing the luminosity of the room. The results suggested that the condition in which luminosity on the desk was higher twice than the room was favorable for reading.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Humidity ; Lighting* ; Noise ; Visual Acuity

Multidrug resistance(MDR) phenotype is frequently observed in animal and human cancer cell lines selected for in vitro resistance to a single chemotherapeutic agent. It is characterized by the diminished j drug accumulation and is related to the drug efflux mechanism in resistant cells. In the present study, adriamycin resistant cells(L1210-AdR6 : 10-6M adriamycin, -AdR5: 10-5M) and vincristine resistant cells (L1210-VcR7: 10-7M vincristine, -VcR6: 10-6M) were produced from mouse lymphoblastic leukemia cell line L1210. Growth profiles of survived cells were observed for 5 days with MTT(thiazolyl blue) assay and resistance was compared with IWdrug concentration of 50% survival reduction in absorbance). Resisrant cells proliferated more slowly than sensitive cell. Doubling times were 29.7hr in L1210, 68.7hr in L1210-AdR5 and 58.2hr in -VcR6. MDRs expressed as resistance factor were as follows, L1210-AdR5 was 76.4 times for vincristine, L1210-VcR6 was 96.4 times for adriamycin. The cell membrane proteins with three different M.W. were recognized to be related resistance, 220, 158, and 88 kd in L1210-AdR5, 158, 140 and 88 kd in L1210-VcR6 by SDS-PAG electrophoresis. Cell surface membrane proteins were identified by radio-iodination and autoradiogram. their molecular! weights were 158, 72.8. and 42.4 Kd in L1210-VcR6.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Resistance* ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins* ; Membranes* ; Mice* ; Phenotype ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Vincristine ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Immunoglobulin M* ; Lymphoma* ; Paraproteinemias*

The life history of man is summarized as a birth-aging-disease-death. Man eventually ages and dies. How long can humans live? What is aging? Why do we age? Is aging inevitable? Can we rejuvenate? Recent researches on biological aging suggest that humans might overcome aging and rejuvenate. In this paper, we review the biologic characteristics of aging and the latest results of biological aging research, implicating that aging can be controlled, further treated, and that humans can ultimately be rejuvenated.
Aging* ; Cell Aging ; Humans ; Population Characteristics ; Rejuvenation

Endobronchial involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare. We experienced 36-year-old woman with endobronchial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma whose first presentation was breathless ness due to the total atelectasis of the left lung. The patient underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and the histologic finding with immunohistochemical staining confirmed CD30(+), EMA(+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Although the patient showed dramatic response to radiation therapy and combination chemotherapy, subsequently she died of disease progression.
Adult ; Bronchoscopy ; Disease Progression ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis

The life history of man is summarized as a birth-aging-disease-death. Man eventually ages and dies. How long can humans live? What is aging? Why do we age? Is aging inevitable? Can we rejuvenate? Recent researches on biological aging suggest that humans might overcome aging and rejuvenate. In this paper, we review the biologic characteristics of aging and the latest results of biological aging research, implicating that aging can be controlled, further treated, and that humans can ultimately be rejuvenated.
Aging ; Cell Aging ; Humans ; Population Characteristics ; Rejuvenation

PURPOSE: Emergency medical doctors face a working environment full of various types of stresses and often must work the night shift. This research is focused on the influences between night shift work, sleep, and physical and psychiatric health. METHODS: The subjects of research in the Internet-based survey were 51 emergency medical doctors working in four university hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, and hospitals of emergency medicine located in Honam District, Gwangju, Korea. RESULTS: Of the 51 respondents, 41.2% worked two night shifts per week and 45.1% worked three night shifts per week. Comparison of specialists and resident doctors did not reveal statistical differences between the quality of sleep and the prevalence of cardiovascular and psychiatric symptoms. However, there was a significantly higher prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases among resident doctors. Comparisons based on hospital size revealed significantly higher prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in university hospitals. The number of weekly night shifts did not significantly influence outcomes. CONCLUSION: Resident doctors and emergency medical doctors working in university hospitals may be more susceptible to gastrointestinal diseases. While no significant differences were evident concerning the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, the known similar mechanisms between gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disease indicates that continued exposure to stressful situations may prelude severe diseases such as cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medicine ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Health Facility Size ; Hospitals, University ; Prevalence ; Specialization

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a novel class of anticancer agents, which can be used to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in several types of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of MHY4381, a newly synthesized HDAC inhibitor, against human prostate cancer cell lines and compared its efficacy with that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a well-known HDAC inhibitor. We assessed cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and other biological effects in the prostate cancer cells. We also evaluated a possible mechanism of MHY4381 on the apoptotic cell death pathway. The IC50 value of MHY4381 was lower in DU145 cells (IC50=0.31 μM) than in LNCaP (IC50=0.85 μM) and PC-3 cells (IC50=5.23 μM). In addition, the IC50 values of MHY4381 measured in this assay were significantly lower than those of SAHA against prostate cancer cell lines. MHY4381 increased the levels of acetylated histones H3 and H4 and reduced the expression of HDAC proteins in the prostate cancer cell lines. MHY4381 increased G2/M phase arrest in DU145 cells, and G1 arrest in LNCaP cells. It also activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which induced apoptosis in the DU145 and LNCaP cells by increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and releasing cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Our results indicated that MHY4381 preferentially results in antitumor effects in DU145 and LNCaP cells via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and ROS-facilitated cell death pathway, and therefore can be used as a promising prostate cancer therapeutic.

X-linked agammaglobulinemia is the most common type of primary immunodeficiency disorder. Mutation ofthe cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase gene, Btk (Bruton's tyrosine kinase), is known to be the etiology of X-linked agammaglobulinemia. The patients with this disease manifest a B-cell deficiency and low levels of serum immunoglobulin; due to the deficient antibodies, they suffers from recurrent upper and lower respiratory infections. We report here a 24-year-old male with an initial clinical impression of recurrent pneumonia and bronchiectasis. The patient presented with marked pan-hypogammaglobulinemia and the absence of circulating B-lymphocytes on the immunologic study, and he carried a splicing mutation of intron 2 in the Btk gene (IVS2 -3C>G).
Agammaglobulinemia ; Antibodies ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bronchiectasis ; Cytoplasm ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked ; Humans ; Introns ; Male ; Pneumonia ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Tyrosine ; Young Adult

The followings are the results for external quality assessment (EQA) in immunoserology for 2008:1.Evaluation of EQA was done in 2 trials in May and November, about 99% of laboratories participating average 7.7 items. The results were collected via internet and about 99% of laboratories have sent their results via internet. 2.Control materials used in the External Proficiecny Testing were pooled sera including Commercial controls, MAS(R) Immunology Control from Medical Analysis Systems (Camarillo, CA, USA), which were delivered refrigerated for stability of control materials, being received within 48 hours after sending. 3.Latex agglutination tests for rheumatoid factor (RF) showed frequently false positive or false negative results especially in Commercial controls, possibly due to matrix effect.4.False negative and positive results were frequently found in the laboratories using immunochromatography assay (ICA) for anti-HCV and anti-HIV. More careful quality control should be required for ICA tests. 5.New tests measuring non-treponemal and trponemal antibody such as turbidoimmunoassay (TIA) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) were introduced.6.Standardization of instruments and reagents including calibrators for quantitative results should be required for the harmonization of results.
Agglutination Tests ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Immunoassay ; Immunochromatography ; Indicators and Reagents ; Internet ; Korea ; Luminescence ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; Quality Control ; Rheumatoid Factor