No abstract available.
Vulva*

Through the use of stereotactic neurosurgical operation, some authors have employed chronic electrical stimulation of the dentate nucleus spasticity and each trial on spastic patients has show marked clinical improvement. We investigated the electrophysiological changes of cats after stereotactic electrical stimulation of the dentate nucleus to elucidate the possibility of clinical application and to evaluate the clinical results. The M-wave is an initial response and the F-wave is a late response in the electromyography of a muscle, which is stimulated by its original controlling nerve itself. There is evidence that the size of the F-wave is dependent on motor neuron excitability and its amplitude is increased significantly at spastic condition. If such a relationship exists, procedures which are carried out to relieve spasticity might be exerted to change the F-wave size and thus it might be possible to use the F-wave as an objective monitor during electrical stimulation of the dentate nucleus. We investigated this possibility in experiments on 10cats weighing between 2.7 Kg and 4.4 Kg. We studied the changes of M and F waves, recorded in EMG, after stereotactic stimulation to cerebellar dentate nucleus in cats. The results were as follows : 1) The change of mean value of M-wave amplitude was not significant(control group, 3591+/-1029 microV : stimulation group, 3424+/-927 microV, P>0.05). 2) The mean value of F-wave amplitude was significantly reduced about 56.7% after the dentate stimulation(control group, 443.2+/-119 microV : stimulation group, 251.3+/-99.4 microV, P<0.05). 3) The F/M ratio also significantly reduced, about 56.8% after the dentate stimulation(control group, 12.5+/-1.9%, stimulation group, 7.1+/-1.2%, P<0.05). Our experimental results demonstrated that the dentate stimulation markedly decreased the size of F-wave amplitude and F/M ration in the experimental cats and we concluded that these electrophysiological changes can be applied as a parameter of clinical evaluation of electrical dentate stimulation for the spasticity.
Animals ; Cats* ; Cerebellar Nuclei* ; Cerebellum ; Electric Stimulation ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Motor Neurons ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscle, Skeletal*

In order to study effect of corpus callosotomy for epileptic lesions located at sensory-motor cortex/cortices, changes in amplitude, frequency of background activity and frequency of abnormal discharges of postcallosotomy electroenencephalography(EEG) recordings were observed in the crystal penicillin induced epileptic models of rats. In control group of 10 rats, simple right(craniotomy was) done and needle electrodes were bilaterally inserted into parietal and occipital scalp, connected to EEG recording system. Experimentally induced epileptic group was obtained by instillation of 1-2 drops of crystal penicillin solution(800,000 IU/ml) at right parietal area(20 rats). Postcallosotomy group was consisted of the animals streotactically performed callosotomy with blunt ended stainless steel, sized 3 mm, width and 0.5 mm, thickness(20 rats). Preoprative and postoperative EEG recordings were obtained in each animals over 20 minates. The results were as follows; 1) Bialteral synchronous epileptic discharges were shown in experimetally induced epileptic group, which compared to control group. 2) Section of the corpus callosum caused the abolition of bilateral synchronous epileptic discharges, when compared to experimentally induced epileptic group. 3) Frequency of abnormal discharges in the contralteral hemisphere was more decreased than crystal penicillin-instillated lesion in postcallosotomy group. 4) The Background activity of postcallosotomy group was slower than control group. From the results of EEG analysis, corpus callosum might paly a important role in formation of bilateral synchronous discharges and callosotomy was seemed to be an effective method to control crystal penicillin induced epileptic rats, which had epileptic focus in sensory-motor cortex.
Animals ; Corpus Callosum ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography ; Needles ; Penicillins ; Rabeprazole ; Rats* ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Stainless Steel

The "sinus pericranii" is a rare vascular anomaly involving an abnormal communication between extracranial and intracranial venous system, which usually involves the superior sagittal sinus, sometimes the transverse sinus. It is found beneath or in the periosteum of the cranial vault and is connected with an intracranial sinus through anomalous diploic veins of congenital or acquired origin. It is benign scalp mass, and should be differentiated from vascular anomalies of the scalp and cystic masses of the scalp communication with the cerebrospinal space. The authors present 2 cases of sinus pericranii which was spontaneously developed without any history if head injury. The lesion was found to be changed in it's volume according to patient's head position. Clinical characteristics of sinus pericranii is discussed.
Craniocerebral Trauma ; Head ; Periosteum ; Scalp ; Sinus Pericranii* ; Superior Sagittal Sinus ; Veins

PURPOSE: To report the clinical results from surgical treatment for clavicle shaft fracture by percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2004 and June 2014, the medical records of 135 patients who underwent percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pins were reviewed. The mean follow-up periods were 15 months. The functional results were evaluated with The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and Constant score. The clinical results were evaluated with the shortened length of the clavicle, length of surgical wound, operation time and Kang's criteria. RESULTS: The mean bone union period was 11.6 weeks (8–16 weeks). The mean DASH score was 11.8. The mean Constant score was 91.2. The mean shortened length of the clavicle was less than 20 mm. The mean length of surgical wound was 1.2 cm (0.7–1.5 cm). The mean operation time was 18 minutes (10–35 minutes). Using Kang's criteria, 131 out of 135 patients (97.0%) showed good results. Complications included were 3 pin migrations and 2 non-unions. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pins showed good results for treating clavicle shaft fracture.
Arm ; Clavicle* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Shoulder ; Wounds and Injuries

The treatment of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is still controversial. Fifty-two cases with hypertensive thalamic or putaminal hemorrhage were classified into three groups on the basis of the location of the hematoma in the internal capsule on eht CT image. All the cases were confined to the anterior(Type A, 17 cases)., posterior(Type P, 25 cases) and mixed portion(Type M, 10 cases) of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and were assigned to receive medical treatment, extraventricular drainage(EVD), or stereotactic aspiration using urokinase. This study was designed to assess the correlation between hematoma extension and the severity of motor disturbance in patients treated with stereotactic aspiration. The severity of motor weakness was found not to be related to hematoma extension, but the prognosis was frequently poor in type P and type M. The outcome was better in the stereotactic aspiration group, as compared with medical and EVD groups, especially when the hematoma was located at the posterior portion of the posterior limb of the internal capsule(p<0.05). The study suggests that stereotactic aspiration may improve the outcome of hypertensive ICH with severe motor weakness, even if the hematoma is small.
Extremities ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Internal Capsule* ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive* ; Prognosis ; Putaminal Hemorrhage ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

We have reviewed 10 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma operated within 48 hours following apopletic attacks. Computerized tomography permits the choice of the most direct approach to the hematoma. Postoperative CT and Evoked potential studies provides good control of the program of the hematoma removal. In early operation we have noted that intracranial pressure has not yet increased and the cerebral edema is minimal. Microsurgical technique with CO2 laser mes was used for bleeding controls and evacuation of the hematoma. At the three months follow-up study, 8 patients could walk unaided or with a cane, one was confined in bed and are had died.
Brain Edema ; Canes ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Evoked Potentials ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive* ; Intracranial Pressure ; Lasers, Gas ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We have reviewed 10 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma operated within 48 hours following apopletic attacks. Computerized tomography permits the choice of the most direct approach to the hematoma. Postoperative CT and Evoked potential studies provides good control of the program of the hematoma removal. In early operation we have noted that intracranial pressure has not yet increased and the cerebral edema is minimal. Microsurgical technique with CO2 laser mes was used for bleeding controls and evacuation of the hematoma. At the three months follow-up study, 8 patients could walk unaided or with a cane, one was confined in bed and are had died.
Brain Edema ; Canes ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Evoked Potentials ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive* ; Intracranial Pressure ; Lasers, Gas ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Segmental fractures of the clavicle are very rare. Therefore, to date, there has not been a clear, standardized method of management of segmental clavicle fractures. Herein, two patients with a segmental fracture are described: One patient was treated conservatively, while another patient was treated operatively. Both patients showed excellent results. We discuss the various management options with a literature review.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Methods*

Borrmann type 4 gastric cancers are notorious for the difficulty of finding cancer cells in the biopsy samples obtained from gastrofiberscopy. It is important to obtain the biopsy results for making surgical decisions. In cases with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer, even though the radiological findings (such as an upper gastrointestinal series, abdominal computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography) or the macroscopic findings of a gastrofiberscopy examination imply a high suspicion of cancer, there can be difficulty in getting the definite pathologic results despite multiple biopsies. In these cases, we have performed endoscopic mucosal resection under gastrofiberscopy as an alternative to simple biopsies. Here we report on a case in which no cancer cells were found even in the endoscopic mucosal resection specimen, but the radiologic evidence and clinical findings were highly suspicious for gastric cancer. The patient finally underwent total gastrectomy with lymph node resection, and she was pathologically diagnosed as having stage IV gastric cancer postoperatively.
Biopsy ; Electrons ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Stomach Neoplasms