No Abstract Available.
Blepharoptosis* ; Silicones*

No abstract available.
Muscle Spasticity*

No abstract available.
Heart* ; Thoracic Surgery*

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Aorta*

BACKGROUND: Tapered grafts, which have a smaller diameter on the arterial side, have been increasingly used for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation. We compared the outcomes of 4–6-mm tapered and 6-mm straight forearm loop arteriovenous grafts. METHODS: A total of 103 patients receiving forearm loop arteriovenous grafts between March 2005 and March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and separated into 2 groups (group A, 4- to 6-mm tapered grafts, n=78; group B, 6-mm straight grafts, n=25). In each group, complications and patency rates after surgery were assessed. RESULTS: Clinical characteristics and laboratory results, except for cerebrovascular disease history (group A, 7.7%; group B, 28.0%; p=0.014), were similar between the groups. No significant differences were found for individual complications. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed no significant differences in 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year patency rates between groups (61.8%, 44.9%, and 38.5% vs. 62.7%, 41.1%, and 35.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: We found no significant differences in complication and patency rates between the tapered and straight graft groups. If there are no differences in complication and patency between the two graft types, tapered grafts may be a valuable option for AVF formation in light of their other advantages.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Forearm* ; Humans ; Polytetrafluoroethylene* ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants*

Helicobacter pylori infection leads to immune responses associated with almost all mechanism of innate and acquired immunity. However, clinical manifestation of H. pylori infection varies from asymptomatic gastritis to gastric cancer. The balance between harmful injury in gastric mucosa and protective role of immune mechanisms may be influenced by the variability of bacterial virulence factors, host susceptibility, and environmental factors. In this review, we describe the inflammatory response of H. pylori infection and protective mechanism against H. pylori infection. Better understanding of the mechanism of the immune response to H. pylori infection can be helpful in the development of new therapeutic strategies and prophylactic vaccine.
Adaptive Immunity ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Virulence Factors

Helicobacter pylori infection leads to immune responses associated with almost all mechanism of innate and acquired immunity. However, clinical manifestation of H. pylori infection varies from asymptomatic gastritis to gastric cancer. The balance between harmful injury in gastric mucosa and protective role of immune mechanisms may be influenced by the variability of bacterial virulence factors, host susceptibility, and environmental factors. In this review, we describe the inflammatory response of H. pylori infection and protective mechanism against H. pylori infection. Better understanding of the mechanism of the immune response to H. pylori infection can be helpful in the development of new therapeutic strategies and prophylactic vaccine.
Adaptive Immunity ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Virulence Factors

Achalasia is a rare primary esophageal motility disorder. Because its etiology is uncertain, treatment is focused on palliation of symptoms or for decreasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Treatment options include pharmacological, endoscopic and surgical methods. Various medications including nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and nitric oxide donors (sildenafil) are available, but their effectiveness is inconsistent. Endoscopic options include pneumatic balloon dilation, injection of botulinum toxin, temporary self-expandable metal stent placement, and peroral endoscopic myotomy. Laparoscopic or open myotomy can be a surgical option. We reviewed the treatment options focusing on medical and endoscopic management of achalasia.
Botulinum Toxins ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Esophageal Achalasia* ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower ; Nitrates ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; Stents

Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by symptoms of oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, hirsutism and obesity. It is known that the women with such diseases would have higher risks to coronary heart diseases, hypertension, DM and endometrial cancer later on, Known risk factors of endometrial cancer are nullipara, late menopause, obesity, DM, unopposed estrogen, tamoxifen treatment, and atypical endometrial hyperplasia ect. 75% of endometrial cancer occurs in age over 50 and 4% of endometrial cancer occurs in age under 40. Particulary endometrial cancer concurrent polycystic ovary syndrome occurs usually in people under age 40 and is commonly well differentiated cell type and is related to good prognosis. We experienced a case of endometrial cancer with polycystic ovary syndrome, who was early dignosed, presented with infertility and got an operation in our hospital, and report this case with a brief review of literature.
Amenorrhea ; Coronary Disease ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hirsutism ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infertility ; Menopause ; Obesity ; Oligomenorrhea ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Tamoxifen