No abstract available.
Forearm* ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Male ; Penis*

No abstract available.
Tissue Expansion Devices*

No abstract available.
Rhytidoplasty*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the usefulness of initial electroencephalograms (EEG) in the prediction of neurological outcomes of acute encephalitis. METHODS: Thirty-one patients diagnosed with acute encephalitis between January 2007 and March 2010 were included in the study, all of whom were less than 18 years old. Patients were divided into two groups. Those who had recovered completely were designated group A, and those who had neurological sequalae were designated group B. We compared the severity of EEG background abnormalities according to the Synek classification, and the incidence of interictal epileptiform discharges, electrographic seizures, normal sleep features, and EEG reactivity to pain stimuli between the two groups upon initial EEGs. RESULTS: Compared with group A, group B showed a higher grade of EEG background abnormalities (P = 0.004). The incidence of interictal epileptiform discharge (P = 0.004) and electrographic seizure (P = 0.049) were also higher in group B. Further, Group A had more EEG reactivity (P = 0.002) and the incidence of normal sleep features tended to be higher in group A (P = 0.081). CONCLUSION: Initial EEG features including the severity of EEG background abnormalities are helpful in predicting the prognosis of acute encephalitis.
Electroencephalography ; Encephalitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prognosis ; Seizures

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to (1) evaluate the effects of maxillary second and third molar eruption status on the distalization of first molars with a modified palatal anchorage plate (MPAP), and (2) compare the results to the outcomes of the use of a pendulum and that of a headgear using three-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS: Three eruption stages were established: an erupting second molar at the cervical one-third of the first molar root (Stage 1), a fully erupted second molar (Stage 2), and an erupting third molar at the cervical one-third of the second molar root (Stage 3). Retraction forces were applied via three anchorage appliance models: an MPAP with bracket and archwire, a bone-anchored pendulum appliance, and cervical-pull headgear. RESULTS: An MPAP showed greater root movement of the first molar than crown movement, and this was more noticeable in Stages 2 and 3. With the other devices, the first molar showed distal tipping. Transversely, the first molar had mesial-out rotation with headgear and mesial-in rotation with the other devices. Vertically, the first molar was intruded with an MPAP, and extruded with the other appliances. CONCLUSIONS: The second molar eruption stage had an effect on molar distalization, but the third molar follicle had no effect. The application of an MPAP may be an effective treatment option for maxillary molar distalization.
Crowns ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Molar* ; Molar, Third

Adenomyoma is a nonneoplastic lesion that can be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but it's rarely found in the extrahepatic bile duct. To the best of our knowledge, it is a completely benign lesion, but making a clear distinction from malignancy on preoperative evaluation is very difficult. Its clinical importance mainly lies in the possibility that they may be confused with carcinoma, leading to unnecessarily extensive surgical resections. We report here on a case of distal common bile duct adenomyoma that presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and the preoperative examinations could not reveal whether the tumor was benign or malignant. It was finally diagnosed by histological examination after performing pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenomyoma* ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Common Bile Duct* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Pylorus

Pyelocaliceal diverticula are eventrations of the upper collecting system, lying within the renal parenchyma and communicating with the main collecting system via a narrow channel. They may be detected in as many as 0.5% of excretory urograms but are usually small(<1cm in diameter) and asymptomatic. Urinary stasis may predispose patient to infection or stone formation. Rarely, transitional cell carcinoma originates within the diverticulum. Symptomatic, complicated diverticula should be treated by 5 different therapeutic alternatives which is open surgery, a percutaneous approach, shock wave lithotripsy ureterorenoscopy and retroperitoneoscopy. We report a incidentally found calculi-containing type I pyelocalyceal diverticulum patient who initially presented with epigastric pain.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Deception ; Diverticulum* ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Shock

Pyelocaliceal diverticula are eventrations of the upper collecting system, lying within the renal parenchyma and communicating with the main collecting system via a narrow channel. They may be detected in as many as 0.5% of excretory urograms but are usually small(<1cm in diameter) and asymptomatic. Urinary stasis may predispose patient to infection or stone formation. Rarely, transitional cell carcinoma originates within the diverticulum. Symptomatic, complicated diverticula should be treated by 5 different therapeutic alternatives which is open surgery, a percutaneous approach, shock wave lithotripsy ureterorenoscopy and retroperitoneoscopy. We report a incidentally found calculi-containing type I pyelocalyceal diverticulum patient who initially presented with epigastric pain.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Deception ; Diverticulum* ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Shock

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the preparedness of personal protective equipment (PPE) against hazardous material (Hazmat) contamination in emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: Among 443 EDs, 118 emergency centers (16 regional centers, 4 specialized centers, 98 local centers) were surveyed either by returned usable surveys or facsimile or telephone communication. The 27 survey questions addressed the ability of EDs to safely decontaminate and treat contaminated patients. RESULTS: Among 118 EDs (100%), 7 EDs (5.9%) have a written plan for decontamination and treatment of Hazmat contaminated patients in the ED, and 36 (30.5%) have a hospital-wide disaster plan that includes contingencies for decontamination and treatment of Hazmat contaminated patients. 11 EDs (9.3%) conducted any Hazmat drill within recent two years. 8 EDs (6.8%) have a specific treatment area for contaminated patients. A stock space of PPE is maintained in 11 EDs (9.3%) and 6 EDs (5.1%) have a responder decontamination shower. While 11 EDs store PPE, most of these involve only gowns, gloves, and surgical masks; only 10 EDs provide any type of respiratory protection. There was no ED fully equipped level A PEE but only 21 EDs have partially equipped. The levels of PPE were level D in 7 EDs (5.9%) according to the guidelines of EPA/OSHA Personal Protection Equipment Levels CONCLUSION: Emergency department preparedness against Hazmat exposure in Korea varies tremendously. A significant proportion of hospitals lack written plan and equipment to allow EDs to safely and effectively handle the Hazmat contaminated patient. This has the meaning of one of preliminary data that was national-wide surveyed in Korea.
Decontamination ; Disasters ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Hazardous Substances* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Masks ; Protective Devices ; Telephone

PURPOSE: This study was performed to analyze human maxillary and mandibular trabecular bone using the data acquired from micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and to characterize the site-specific microstructures of trabeculae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine cylindrical bone specimens were prepared from the mandible and maxilla. They were divided into 5 groups by region: the anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandible, posterior mandible, and mandibular condyle. After the specimens were scanned using a micro-CT system, three-dimensional microstructural parameters such as the percent bone volume, bone specific surface, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, trabecular number, structure model index, and degrees of anisotropy were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the regions other than the condylar area, the anterior mandibular region showed the highest trabecular thickness and the lowest value for the bone specific surface. On the other hand, the posterior maxilla region showed the lowest trabecular thickness and the highest value for the bone specific surface. The degree of anisotropy was lowest at the anterior mandible. The condyle showed thinner trabeculae with a more anisotropic arrangement than the other mandibular regions. CONCLUSION: There were microstructural differences between the regions of the maxilla and mandible. These results suggested that different mechanisms of external force might exist at each site.
Anisotropy ; Hand ; Humans* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Jaw* ; Mandible ; Mandibular Condyle ; Maxilla