PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of progressive muscle relaxation on nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anxiety, and depression in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: This study was a quasi-experimental research using non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected from outpatients in a university hospital from April to August, 2009. There were 74 participants, 39 in the experimental group and 35 in the control group. The experimental group was given daily the progressive muscle relaxation for 20 min during three weeks. The structured questionnaire was used to measure nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program, chi-square-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and ANCOVA were conducted to examine the homogeneity and the research hypotheses. RESULTS: There were statistically significant decreases in anxiety and depression in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in nausea, vomiting, and fatigue between the groups. CONCLUSION: In this study, progressive muscle relaxation was effective in alleviating anxiety and depression of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, progressive muscle relaxation can be usefully utilized as a nursing intervention that enhances psychological function of cancer patients.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Muscle Relaxation ; Muscles ; Nausea ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Relaxation ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula*

Periprosthetic humeral fractures in patients with total shoulder arthroplasty are rare and difficult to treat. With the significant increase in the number of older patients who have undergone total shoulder arthroplasty in recent years, an increase in the number of periprosthetic shoulder fractures can be estimated. The decisions of treatment have to be taken individually, depending on the stability of the prosthesis, fracture location, and bone quality. On the other hand, there are limited data for treatment guidance and outcomes. This paper reviews the risk factors, classification, treatment, and outcomes of periprosthetic humeral fractures.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the significance of increased bone density according to whether bone grafts were applied using demographic data with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and to compare the bone densities between before and after implant prosthesis using the Hounsfield index. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six randomly selected computed tomography (CT) scans were used for the analysis. The same sites were evaluated digitally using the Hounsfield scale with V-Implant 2.0(TM), and the results were compared with maxillary posterior bone graft. Statistical data analysis was carried out to determine the correlation between the recorded Hounsfield unit (HU) of the bone graft and implant prosthesis using a Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Matched-pairs test. RESULTS: The bone grafted maxillary posterior teeth showed an increase in the mean values from-157 HU to 387 HU, whereas non-grafted maxillary posterior teeth showed an increase from 62 HU to 342 HU. After implantation, the grafted and non-grafted groups showed significantly higher bone density than before implantation. However, the grafted group showed significantly more changes than the non-grafted group. CONCLUSION: Bone density measurements using CBCT might provide an objective assessment of the bone quality as well as the correlation between bone density (Hounsfield scale) and bone grafts in the maxillary molar area.
Bone Density ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Dental Implants ; Molar ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To evaluate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). METHODS: Six eyes of 6 patients who were diagnosed with acute CRAO were enrolled in the present study. The main SD-OCT measurements included macular thickness in the macular cube map and retinal thickness in the 5-line raster map. RESULTS: In acute CRAO, macular thickness increased more than that in the normal fellow eye in all cases. SD-OCT images demonstrated increased reflectivity and thickness in the inner retinal layer, especially in the nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer. However, in the outer retinal layer, SD-OCT images disclosed decreased reflectivity and increased thickness. The central subfield thickness area image showed normal reflectivity and thickness. The horizontal cross-sectional image showed relatively the same edema ratio between the inner retinal layer and outer retinal layer thickness. There was no cystoid or serous foveal detachment-type edema. CONCLUSIONS: SD-OCT images of CRAO showed increased outer retinal layer thickness and decreased reflectance as well as increased inner retinal layer thickness and reflectance. However, inner segment and outer segment junctions of the photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial signal were intact.
Edema ; Eye ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinal Artery ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

Thoracic epidural analgesia is the most effective method of managing post-thoracotomy pain. However, the catheter may be misplaced into the intrapleural, intercostal, subarachnoid, or intravascular space. Intravascular misplacement of a catheter can be detected by aspiration of blood or administration of a test dose of local anesthetic; however, these methods may result in a false-negative response. Moreover, a catheter placed in the epidural space may migrate into a blood vessel during the intraoperative period. Thus, the location of the catheter tip should always be determined before local anesthetic is administered. We report a case of intraoperative intravascular migration of a thoracic epidural catheter in a 32-year-old male who underwent left thoracotomy.
Analgesia, Epidural ; Blood Vessels ; Catheters ; Epidural Space ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Intraoperative Period ; Male ; Punctures ; Thoracotomy

The expression pattern of immunoproteasomes in human thymus has not been analyzed but may have important consequences during thymic selection. Here we examined the expression patterns of immunoproteasome subunits in fetal and adult thymic tissues by immunohistochemistry and found that all three subunits are expressed in both cortical and medullary stromal cells. These data suggest that thymic selection in human can be affected by peptide repertoires generated by immunoproteasomes.
Adult ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Stromal Cells ; Thymus Gland

No abstract available.
Biopsy*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the anglographic finding and clinical result of transarterial embolotherapy(TAE) in patients with injuries of renal artery branches by blunt trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was based on retrospective analysis of seven cases, in which TAE was attempted for the control of traumatic renal arterial bleeding. All procedures were performed via the transfemoral approach. TAE was performed with stainless steel coil in two cases, Gelfoam in one case, and Gelfoam and stainless steel coil in four cases. RESULTS: Angiographic findings of vascular injuries were pseudoaneurysm in four cases, extravasation in two cases and arteriocalyceal fistula in one case. All procedures were performed successfully without complication. CONCLUSION: Pseudoaneurysm is a common anglographic finding in patients with injury of renal artery branches and TAE is considered a safe and effective method for treating such cases.
Aneurysm, False ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Fistula ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Renal Artery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stainless Steel ; Vascular System Injuries

Objectives: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition characterized by inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity that hinders function and development. The purpose of this study was twofold, that is, to check the diagnostic rate of ADHD, which is first diagnosed in adulthood as well as in childhood, and to compare drugs prescribed to children and adult patients. Methods: This study utilized Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service data from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2018. Only first entered International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes were collected. We set the first year as a clearance period, checked changes in drug prescriptions over the years, and investigated differences found between pediatric and adult patients. Results: The overall diagnostic rate of ADHD decreased from 71.9 to 69.7 per 100000 people between 2009 and 2012. This reducing trend was noticeable from 2012 and decreased to 43.7 by 2015, and then rose again to 65.4 in 2018. Extended-release formulation of the methylphenidate (ER-MPH) was found to be the most frequently used first drug. Conclusion Overall diagnostic rate decreased from 2009 to 2018, and the incidence of adult ADHD showed a steady increase. For children, ER-MPH was the most prescribed drug at all ages, while osmotic-release oral system formulation of the methylphenidate was most prescribed for adults.