No abstract available.
Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis*

Total release of the hamstrings of the knee from their origin was performed In nine cerebral plasied children. Eighteen procedures were performed in nine patients whose age ranged from three to sixteen years with an average of ten years. The average follow-up period was twenty one months from ten to thirty-six months. The spastic knee flexion was correction adequately; in mest instances the crouch posture was corrected, gait was improved, and a long stride was possible. The power of the hamstrings was assessed in the fourteen limbs of the children who could walk or cooperate in musicle testing. The power was graded as good in six knees and as normal in one. Seven showed improvement in gait; six patients who had never walked were able to do so after hamstring release; and one patient was able to stand up for the first time in his life after the operation. Eight out of nine cases are now able to stand up with or without support of a brace, and to walk with a brace in five cases and without support in two. However, increased lumbar lordosis and genu recurvatum has occurred in two cases each.
Animals ; Braces ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gait ; Humans ; Knee ; Lordosis ; Muscle Spasticity ; Posture

Sparganum is parasite infesting principally in the cats or dogs, but many human reported. In Korea, the reported cases of human sparganosis are over 20 cases. However the urogenital infestation of sparganum is relatively rare, and none of any report of infestation in the epididymis is available. We experienced a case of the sparganum infesting on the epididymis which vas confused with the epididymitis on palpation.
Animals ; Cats ; Dogs ; Epididymis* ; Epididymitis ; Humans* ; Korea ; Male ; Palpation ; Parasites ; Sparganosis* ; Sparganum

Giant cell tumor is an uncommon neoplasm, arising from the mesenchymal cells of bone marrow. The lesion was first described by Sir Astley Cooper in 1818. Levert in 1845 gave a detailed delineation of this tumorous condition. Paget in 1853 provided an excellent description of what remains a guiding treatise. In 1940, Jaffe, Lichtenstein, and Portis identified it as an entity with distinctive roentgenographic, hiatological, and clinical characteristics. Since then, frequent detailed reports analyzing the treatment and prognosis were published by many authors. The classic grading system is that of Jaffe, Lichtenstein, and Portis. Grade I,II, and III correspond respectively to insignificant, moderate, and marked atypism of the nuclei of the stromal cells. Tumors of Grade III are considered to be frankly malignant. While Dahlin and associates and Goldenberg and his co-workers found the grading of no prognostic value, Lichtenstein, in 1972, still claimed that in his experience the grading of giant cell tumor is of practical value. Twenty seven cases of giant cell tumor were seen and treated at Severance Hoepital during the 18 years from July 1960 to June 1978. The tumors were mostly diatributed 55% in the 21 to 40 years group and mostly located around the knee (52%). According to the pathologlcal grading, these casosbelonged to Grade I and Grade III in 19% each and to Grade Il in 62%. The treatment consisted of curettage and bone graft in 14 cases, amputation in 4 cases, en bloc excision in 3 cases, partial resection and fusion, curettage and bone graft with radiotherapy in 2 cases each, curettage and bone cement, and en bloc excision and endoprosthsis in one case each. On following up the end results, the over all recurrence rate was 18.5% (5 cases) and the malignant change rate was 3.7% (1 case). In this study one case was changed into malignant degeneration in Grade II and a pulmonary metastasis was found. Among our cases, 5 were of recurrences, primarily treated by curettage and bone graft in to cases, partial excision with fusion in one case, and curettage, and bone graft with radiotherapy in one case. The recurrence rate seems not to be correlated with the grade. In the treatment of this tumor, surgical treatment if pcssible is recommended. The definitive procedures for removal of the tumors in this series were curettage-and bone graft, excision or resection with or without bone graft, and amputation. Resection and prosthesis replacement was employed in our cases for one lesion in the proximal end of humerus. A new alternative in the choice of surgery has been tried in many authors. This alternative is a thorough curettage of the tumor and filling with bone or acylic bone cement. In our series bone cement filled up the lesion of the distal end of tibia. Tumors located around the knee and distal radius showed higher recurrence than other sites. The results obtained from this study led us to conclude that: 1) The highest incidence was in the age group from 21 to 40 years in 15 cases (55%) and sex distribution was almost equal 2) The most frequent sites of this tumor are the lower end of the femur, upper end of tibia, and lower end of the radius (18 cases, 67%). 3) The pathological grading in this series showed 5 cases in Grade I, 17 cases in Grade II, and 5 cases in Grade III. 4) Recurrence rate was 18.5% and all cases recurred within 2 years after first surgery. 5) A case who is in Grade II in pathological finding was changed into malignant degeneration and pulmonary metastasis. 6) Tumors located around the knee and distal radius were higher in recurrence than at other sites.
Amputation ; Bone Marrow ; Curettage ; Femur ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Humerus ; Incidence ; Knee ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Radiotherapy ; Radius ; Recurrence ; Sex Distribution ; Stromal Cells ; Tibia ; Transplants

Hip arthroscopy is technically demanding procedure and it is difficult to inspect the entire joint space. But with the development of instruments and the accumulation of results of research, the indications of hip arthroscopy are expanding. The operative arthroscopy of 18 joints was performed during the past four years. We used the supine position on the fracture table and anterolateral and lateral portals. Removal of traumatic loose bodies and synovial chondromatosis, lavage of pyogenic arthritis are excellent indications for the arthroscopic surgery of the hip joint. The results of the partial synovectomy and debridement for rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritis are satisfactory. The hip arthroscopy is beneficial to the diagnosis and treatment for the unexplained hip pain.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroscopy ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; Debridement ; Diagnosis ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Joints ; Supine Position ; Therapeutic Irrigation

Decreased sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to many existing antibiotics and the emergence and increase of penicillinase producing and of spectinomycin resistant N. gonorrhoeae necessitate intensive efforts to study on resistance. Male patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis treated during the year 1990 at the VD clinic of Choong-ku Public Health Center in Seoul were included in this study. A total of 85 strains, 44 strains of non-PPNG and 41 strains of PPNG isolated from the patients were studied to evaluate their sensitivities to ampicillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, kanamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, spectinomycin and cotrimazole. The results are summerized as follw: In non-PPNG strains, the range of MICs. MIC50 and MIC90 for both ampicillin and penicillin were 0.125-32, 2 and 16 mcg/ml respectively. For cefoxitin, they were 0.125-8, s and 16 mcg/ml respectively, and for kanamycin, 8--<64, 32 and 64 mcg/ml, respectively. For tetracycline, they were 1-64, 8 and 32 mcg/ml, while for erythromycin, 0.06-16, 2 and 8 mcg/ml respectively. For spectinomycin, they were 4--<64, 32 and 64 mcg/ml and for cotrimazole, 5--<160, 40 and 160 mcg/ml respectively. In the case of PPNG, the range of MICS, MIC50 and MIC90 for ampicillin were 8--<128, 32 and 128 mcg/ml respectively but for penicillin, 8--<128, 64 and 128 mcg/ml respectively. And for cefoxitin, they were 0.5-32, 4 and 16 mcg/ml while for kanamycin, 16--<64, 64 and >64 mcg/ml respectively. For tetracycline, the values were 2-64, 16 and 32 mcg/ml, and for erythromycin, they were 0.5-16, 4 and 8 mcg/ml respectively. for spectinomycin, they were 8--<64, 32, and 64 mcg/ml and finally for cotrimazole, 5--<160, 80 and 160 mcg/ml respectively. From these results, it is concluded that the MICs of both PPNG and non-PPNG were about 2 folds higher than the results of sensitivity tests at the same instituition in 1985. 2) The prevalence of PPNG among 35 gonorrhoeae patients who received treatment before the visit was 60% (21/35), while that among the patients without previous treatment was 40% (20/50). 3) In the cases of ampicillin, penicillin and cotrimazole, their MIC values were found to be significantly higher for the strains isolated from the patients with previous treatment history than those without previous treatment (p<0.05). 4) In non-PPNG strains, a significant positive correlation is found between the sensitivities to most pairs of ampicillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, kanamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and spectinomycin. However this excludes some pairs such as : tetracycline-cefoxitin, erythromycin-penicillin, erythromycin-cefoxitin, spectinomycin-penicillin, and spectinomycincefoxitin (p<0.05). 5) In PPNG strains, a significant positive correlation is also found between the sensitivities to most pairs of ampicillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, erythromycin and spectinomycin. However, the exceptional cases include tetracycline-cefoxitin, erythromyoinpenicillin, erythromycin-cefoxitin, spectinomycin-penicillin, and spectinomycin-cefoxitin pairs. In addition, the sensitivity to kanamycin was found to be strongly correlated with that to tetracycline, erytheromycin and spectinomycin (p<0.05). Therefore it is essential for the management fo gonorrhoeae, together with a correct diagnosis, to use currently most effective treatment regimens which would also prevent the emergence of resistant strains. It is also suggested that when a treatment is failed, to use the durg which do not show correlation in sensitivities on re-treatment.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibodies* ; Cefoxitin ; Diagnosis ; Erythromycin ; Humans ; Kanamycin ; Male ; Penicillinase ; Penicillins ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Spectinomycin ; Tetracycline ; Urethritis

A meta-analysis of 13 quasi-experimental studies was conducted to determine the effect of various nursing interventions applied to surgery patients. The studies were selected from dissertations done between 1982 to 1996 and had randomized or nonequivalent control groups in a pretest-post test design. The studies were classified according to three criteria : 1) types of surgery 2) types of nursing interventions 3) types of respondent variables. The following analysis was done : 1) Determination of usefulness of nursing interventions for surgery patients. 2) The magnitude of effect for each study was tested for different types of surgery, nursing interventions and outcome variables. 3) For a group of homogenious studies, the weighted mean effect size and standard error were estimated. Some findings are summarized as follows : Nursing interventions on relaxation effect applied to surgery patients have resulted in a significant effect size on pain, anxiety, and BP stabilization. Relaxation and music therapy were more effective on surgery patients than either education, heat therapy, or purposeful touch. It was impossible to identify which type of surgery was more effected by these interventions. On the basis of these findings, the following recommendations were made : 1) Many studies on the same kind of intervention applied to similar surgery patients should be accumulated continuously to identify factors that affect the effect size. 2) The detailed explanation of research process, such as, assignment method to experimental and control groups, starting points, duration and frequency of nursing interventions, and estimation of the outcome variables should be described in orther to be utilized for further research and practice.
Anxiety ; Education ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Music Therapy ; Nursing* ; Relaxation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Some of the techniques for bone grafting for delayed union or nonunion of the long bone are used currently. In 1991, at arthroscopy workshop in Phoenix, Arizona, Lanny L. Johnson, M.D. reported a case of endoscopic bone grafting for the delayed union on the humerus. He suggested the possibilities of endoscopic bone grafting such as minimal incision, magnified visualization, accurate debridement, accurate graft placement, vascular preservation, outpatient surgery and reduced cost. The author performed endoscopic bone grafting and extra-articular adhesionlysis on the delayed union of femur with extra-articular ankylosis. The patient was a 28 year old housewife with blood type Rh(-). The duration after initial operation was more than 9 months. The result of the graft was satisfactory. In the future endoscopic bone grafting could be performed for nonunion, delayed union and congenital bone defect.
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Ankylosis ; Arizona ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Transplantation ; Debridement ; Education ; Femur ; Humans ; Humerus ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Delusions* ; Hallucinations* ; Humans

Multiple factors including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated for a case-control study in Chonnam area to investigate the causative entity of COPD. Data on the multiple causative factors from hospital records and interview survey were analyzed in three groups of COPD(64 cases as case group), normal lung (83 cases as control group 1) and non-COPD lung disease (45 cases as control group 2). Smoking status, history of adulthood pulmonary infection and frequent history of URI, socioeconomic status, and GERD were significantly different between COPD group and control group 1. Drinking status, physical height of the subjects and GERD were significantly different between COPD group and control group 2. If control group 1 was used, odds ratio of GERD and COPD was 5.68(95%confidence interval, 95% CI:2.59-12.45) and 4.81 (95% CI:1.89-10.53) when adjusted by age and smoking status. If control group 2 was used. Odds ratio of GERD and COPD was 4.22 (95% CI:1.69-10.56) and 4.59 (95% CI:1.64-12.86) when adjusted by alcohol and adulthood respiratory infection status. In summary, there results suggested that GERD might play a causative role in the development of COPD.
Case-Control Studies ; Drinking ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Hospital Records ; Jeollanam-do ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Odds Ratio ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class