Background: Univent(R) tube was designed to overcome the disadvantages of double lumen endotracheal tube for one lung anesthesia. But overinflation of the blocker cuff of an endobronchial tube can cause pressure damage to the bronchus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the blocker cuff pressure and the duration of ballooning using the Univent(R) tube is correlated with the degree of bronchial mucosal damage (BMD). Methods: A total of 13 men and 7 women intubated with the Univent(R) tube were enrolled for the study. The BMD were evaluated by direct visualization using fiberoptic bronchoscopy prior to intubation and following extubation and the degree of the BMD were scored from 0 to 4 as follows; 0: normal, 1: erythema, 2: swelling, 3: hemorrhage, 4: mucosal wall tearing. Results: No change in bronchial mucosa (score 0) were observed in 11 patients (55%), erythema (score 1) in 5 patients (25%), swelling (score 2) in 3 patients (15%), hemorrhage (score 3) in 1 patient (5%) and mucosal wall tearing (score 4) is none in 20 patients. The bronchial blocker cuff pressure required to "just sealing" the bronchus was 178.1+/-37.4 mmHg with corresponding cuff volume of 6.7+/-1.0 cc. The duration of ballooning was 115.5+/-26.4 min. The correlation coefficient between the blocker cuff pressure and duration of ballooning to the degree of bronchial mucosal damage were 0.125 and 0.137, respectively, which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The bronchial blocker of Univent(R) tube doesn't cause any severe BMD and the degree of BMD are correlated with neither the bronchial blocker cuff pressure nor duration of ballooning of Univent(R) tube.
Anesthesia ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Erythema ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intubation ; Lung ; Male ; Mucous Membrane

Prenephrectomy therapeutic renal artery embolization by injecting gelfoam into therenal artery was done in a 47 year-old female patient with hypernephroma. This technique facilitated nephrectomy and decreased blood loss. A post-infarction syndrome characterized by flank pain, fever and nausea also occurred in this patient. We report our experience herein with review of literature.
Arteries ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Nephrectomy ; Renal Artery*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Leukemia*

No abstract available.
Leukemia*

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in a postmenopausal women has affected by a long-term swimming exercise. Swimming exercised 9 female and non-exercised 13 female were involved in this study. All of them were accepted by selection criteria through a questionnaire and personal interviews. Experimental group performed regularly swimming exercise while over a 8 year, but control group never taken part in any activities periodically. Bone densities were measured at Lumbar 2-4 and Femur's 3 sites (neck, ward's triangle, and trochanter) with DEXA method (Lunar DPX). There are no significant differences between two groups on the ages, body weights, heights, % fats, and menopausal durations. Bone densities on the neck and ward's triangle of Femur were 1.7% and 2.7% higher in the control group than in the swimming group, not significant between two groups. In the case of Femur trochanter and Lumbar 2-4 sites, swimming group however were nonsignificantly higher 2% and 5.3% than control group, respectively. In conclusion, it was recognized that a long-term swimming exercise may be ineffective to intensify local density, stiffly lowering in a postmenopausal women.
Body Weight ; Bone Density* ; Bone Remodeling ; Fats ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Methods ; Neck ; Osteoporosis ; Patient Selection ; Postmenopause ; Swimming

Acute scrotum is defined as an acute painful swelling of the scrotum or its content. There are many conditions it may cause acute scrotum, but since a delay in the diagnosis and treatment may led to necrosis and its loss, the possibility of torsion of the spermatic cord should be ruled out in the first place. In a retrospective study of 32 childhood patients with acute scrotum presenting to Chungbuk National University Hospital from March 1992 to March 1995, we evaluated general aspects of acute scrotum including the result of follow up. The incidence of acute epididymitis, testicular torsion, mumps orchitis, and torsion of a testicular appendage were 66%, 19%, 9% and 6%, respectively. Of the eight scrotal explorations performed, 6 had testicular torsion, and 2 had torsion of appendages. With the exception of cases of far advanced necrotic testes, both color Doppler ultrasound and radioisotope imaging were highly specific diagnostic modalities. But, because of the potentially devastating outcome of a false-negative result of imaging studies, we continue to believe that physical exam is the best guide regarding the necessity of surgical exploration and all patients with unequivocal examinations are best served by prompt surgical therapy.
Acute Pain ; Child* ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Diagnosis ; Epididymitis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mumps ; Necrosis ; Orchitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Scrotum* ; Spermatic Cord ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; Testis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color*

Injury of the ankle ligaments is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Although there are some debates as to the best initial treatment for an acute tear of a lateral ligament, persistent functional instability of the ankle develops in approximately 20% of patients regardless of the type of initial treatment. In these patients, late reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments may become necessary. Among 13 cases which have been operated with Larsen procedure using peroneus brevis tendon from March 1991 to February 1993, the 11 cases followed up over 1 year were examined clinically and radiologically. We introduced the clinical analysis and results with the brief review of the literatures. 1. The indication of surgical treatment was the ankle instability which had differences over 10° in talar tilting angle or over 3mm in anterior displacement compared wit the uninjured site. 2. The postoperative results were 5 cases in excellent and 4 in good. 3. The Larsen procedure was considered a good method to anatomically and simply stabilize both the ankle and subtalar joint and to fix tendon depending on the type of instability.
Ankle ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Subtalar Joint ; Tears ; Tendons

Male hypogonadism refers to decrease in Leydig cell function, diminished or absent spermatogenesis, or both in tandem. The results of clinical investigation on 29 patients with male hypogonadism seen in urology department of Severance hospital from May, 1980 to August, 1982 are reported. The results were as follows; 1. Physical findings varied according to whether onset occurred before or after puberty. 2. The major physical finding was delay in sexual maturation. In addition, gynecomastia was found in 7 cases, hyposmia or anosmia in 4 cases, secondary bilateral anorchia in 4 cases, cryptorchidism in 3 cases and mental retardation in 1 case. 3. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (eunuch group), testicular volume was 2.5 +/- 0.8 ml. In patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (eunuchoid group), testicular volume was 2.4 +/- 1.8ml. 4. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, penile length was 4.4 +/- 1.2cm. In patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, penile length was 2.8 +/- 1.4cm. 5. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, serum FSH was 62.4 +/- 20.5mlU/ml, serum LH 65.0 +/- 23.6mlU/ml, serum testosterone 1.6 +/- 1.4ng/ml and serum prolactin 10.2 +/- 4.2ng/ml. In patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, serum FSH was 3.5 +/- l.9mlU/ml, serum LH 5.3 +/- 2.8mlU/ml and serum testosterone 0.9 +/- 0.6ng/ml. 6. The cause of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism was Klinefelter's syndrome in 5 cases, prepubertal traumatic bilateral anorchisms in 2 cases, postpubertal bilateral anorchisms for seminoma or torsion in 2 cases. Testicular atrophy was found in 3 cases, 2 cases having past history of mumps orchitis and 1 case having past history of trauma. In 3 cases, no etiology could be identified. 7. The causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism was a kallmann's syndrome in 4 cases. In two other cases, a pituitary lesion was suspected but could not be confirmed due to absence of pituitary hormone reserve function test. Two cases were identified as gonadotropin deficiency with growth hormone deficiency. 8. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, androgen replacement therapy with a testosterone preparation was performed. After the treatment, improvement of male secondary sex characteristics such as hair growth, voice change, enlargement of penis size and scrotum size was noted. Promotion and maintenance of sexual potency was also noted. 9. The patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism were treated with androgen, HCG or HCG and HMG. However, due to the short period of therapy and follow-up, no firm conclusions about treatment efficacy in this group can be drawn. However, the best therapy to promote fertility should have been human chorionic gonadotropin combined with human menopausal gonadotropin. In conclusion, it appears that long-term treatment with androgen preparation promotes sexual potency and improves male secondary sex characteristics in hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. In addition, long-term treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin combined with human menopausal gonadotropin may provide an efficient means of treating patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism to obtain potency and fertility.
Adolescent ; Atrophy ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Cryptorchidism ; Fertility ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonadotropins ; Growth Hormone ; Gynecomastia ; Hair ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Intellectual Disability ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Klinefelter Syndrome ; Male* ; Mumps ; Olfaction Disorders ; Orchitis ; Penis ; Prolactin ; Puberty ; Scrotum ; Seminoma ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Maturation ; Spermatogenesis ; Testosterone ; Treatment Outcome ; Urology ; Voice

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, associated with marked inflammatory cells (of mast cells and eosinophils) and severe itching, which leads to clinical problems in the pediatric population. This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of luteolin liposome solution, that is entrapped the hydrophobic luteolin (one of the flavonoids) into ethosome to improve its stability, by using hapten-induced atopic dermatitis animal model (NC/Nga mice).The luteolin liposome treated mice showed anti-inflammatory effect as evidenced by the lowering of erythema and edema in clinical observation, reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and epidermal thickness in histopathological examination, when compared with TNCB induced controls. Luteolin liposome solution also reduced the serum IgE level which played important roles in the atopic dermatitis model. These results suggest that luteolin liposome solution has some merit in this formulation showing inhibitory effects for the atopic dermatitis.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Edema ; Erythema ; Immunoglobulin E ; Liposomes ; Luteolin ; Mast Cells ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Pruritus ; Skin Diseases

This study aims at analyzing the articulator of human body and its composition using the Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI, 0.5 Telsa). The MRI images were photographed for 1cm per every cm of human body using TR 600ms and TE 20ms spin-echo sequence. For this test, 6 healthy male subjects were sampled. The subject's heights and weights were measured before photographing and then their entire bodies were photographed in the MRI whole body scanner which has a 56cm diameter. It took 90~120 minutes to scan every subject's body during scanning the subjects were allowed to put their both hand beside their femurs. According to his height, each subject were photographed for 180~200 MR slices and every image was analyzed on the tracing paper via X-ray reading View Box. Then, the traced images were all volumized through computer scanner and CAD program, and thereupon, each volume was multiplied by its density coefficient. The results of study can be summarized as follows ; The mass of the bones occupied 8.41±0.62kg, which accounted for 11% of the body mass. The femurs accounted for 19.73±2.73% of the bone mass in terms of bodily articulation. The muscle occupied 39.70±5.28kg which accounted for 51.28±8.98% of the body mass. The part which has the richest muscle mass was femur which accounted for 33.93±5.58% of entire muscle mass. The fat accounted for 24.61±11.6% of the body mass, among which the back waist including inside intestinal fat occupied 30.66±3.64%. It was suggested through this study that MRI analysis is the most suitable method to evaluate the composition of human body and that the data acquired through MRI analysis may apply as references to other indirect or estimated evaluation of human body.
Body Composition* ; Dental Articulators ; Femur ; Hand ; Human Body ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Methods ; Weights and Measures