BACKGROUND: Recently, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) has become a popular diagnostic method for differentiating the main cause of exertional dyspnea or exercise limitation. We evaluated the difference in the CPX results according to interpretative algorithms and the methods of exercise in Korea. METHOD: Sixty-six patients with chronic lung disease and 48 adults with dyspneic symptoms, but with no abnormalities in a spirometry performed symptom limited CPX, were included in this study. The results were interpreted using both Wasserman's(WA) and Eschenbacher's algorithm (EA), and a comparison between both algorithms was made. Thirty-three healthy medical students performed the CPX with a cycle ergometer and treadmill. The results were interpreted with EA and the concurrenec in interpretations was evaluated according to the methods of exercise. RESULTS: 1. In patients with chronic lung disease, the overall concordance rate between the two algorithms was 63.6%. The concordance rates were 69.8% in patients with obstructive, 25.0% in those with restrictive, and 66.7% in those with mixed pulmonary insufficiency. In patients with dyspneic symptoms but normal findings in resting spirometry, the concordance rate was 60.4%. 2. In healthy medical students, in results interpreted with EA, the concordance rate between the cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise was 25.0%. CONCLUSION: Both interpretative algorithms and methods of exercise may affect the CPX results. In using CPX as a diagnostic test for the causes of dyspnea in the Korean population, the interpretative algorithms and method of exercise need to be standardized, and a predictive VO2max equation needs to be established.
Adult ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Dyspnea ; Exercise Test* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung Diseases ; Methods* ; Spirometry ; Students, Medical

Higher cognitive functions refer to the highest level of human intellectual functioning, including formation, reasoning, and executive functions. The executive functions can be conceptualized as having four components ; volition, planning, purposive action, and effective performance. Because higher cognitive functions represent the most advanced stages of intellectual development, they are often highly susceptible to the effects of brain injuries and mental disorders. The ability to perform effectively within the environment is determined in large part by an individual's adequacy in performing such higher-order function. Especially executive functions are necessary for appropriate, socially responsible, and effectively sell-serving adult conduct. Therefore, an assessment of the psychiatric patient's performance in these areas will provide useful diagnostic information, as well as information concerning social and vocational prognosis.
Adult ; Brain Injuries ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Prognosis ; Volition

Twenty-five consecutive patients who had contracture of the elbow were treated by arthroscopy. The techniques were removal of loose bodies, removal of osteohyte, anterior capsular release, abrasional arthroplasty and excision of the radial head. The type of arthroscopic procedure was determined by the cause of limiting motion which was intra-articular(intrinsic). The mean preoperative arc of total motion was 92°(21°-113°). Re-examination of the elbows after anaverage follow-up of 19 months showed tbat the mean arc of total motion was 116°(14°-130°). Twenty-three out of twenty-five patients (92%) who were followed up were satisfied with the results of the procedure and exhibited improved ability in carrying out daily activities. In conclusion, arthroscopy of the elbow is an effective diagnostic procedure and is also effective in treating certain intra-articular problems with minimal morbidity and rapid recovery to function.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroscopy ; Contracture ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Joint Capsule Release

No abstract available.
Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Colon* ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry* ; Ploidies*

We report herein two cases of leukemia cutis. One case is a 54-year-old woman who came to our department with complaints of a solitary ulcerating nodule on her left leg that had been present for 2 months since prior to her visit. Through histopathological studies, the diagnosis of myelocytic leukemia cutis was made before the final diagnosis of acute myelocytic leukemia was made by hematological studies. When combined chemotherapy was finished, she was in a partial remission state and the nodule disappeared after 1 month of chemotherapy. The other case is a 77-year-old man having multiple infiltrative nodules on the right forearm and right thigh for 1 month prior his visit. He was diagnosed as having leukemia cutis for his skin lesions histopathologically. This was redefined as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia of the myelodysplastic syndrome with blastic transfor- mation by hematological examination. He developed septicemia and died 3 weeks after the dermato- logical diagnosis.
Aged ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans ; Leg ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic ; Logic ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; Sepsis ; Skin ; Thigh ; Ulcer

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is the most common condition requiring abdominal surgery in early infancy, and is caused by hypertrophied pyloric muscle. The development of successful surgical treatment in the early 1900s by Fredet and Ramstedt made it possible for infants worldwide to survive. Modern pediatric anesthetic techniques have virtually eliminated mortality from surgical management. Atropine sulfate is a cholinergic blocking agent with potent antimuscarinic activity that decreases peristaltic contractions by relaxing smooth muscles. We treated two cases of IHPS with incomplete pyloromyotomy in 3-month-old and 5-month-old male infants by administering atropine sulfate intravenously. They were free from vomiting after 5 days of intravenous atropine sulfate treatment. In these rare cases of persistent vomiting or refractory emesis following incomplete pyloromyotomy, there may be a role for atropine sulfate.
Atropine* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mortality ; Muscle, Smooth ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; Vomiting*

No abstract available.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Glaucoma*

Authors performed 25 corneal grafts in 24 patients since the inauguration of The Central Eye Bank, attached to the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College, in April 19, 1967. Method and results of these cases are as follows; METHOD: In technique of surgery, the grafts in most of the cases were 7 mm in diameter(Table 3), in two types of penetrating and lamellar corneal grafts(Table 4). The donor material came from patient age group of 51-60 years old in most and was used within 24 hours after death (Table 5). In most cases we placed 12 interrupted sutures except of two cases for continuous suture by 8-0 virgin silks. Preoperative and postoperative cares were routine with systemic dexamethasone, 7.0mg a day was given routinely on the 5 th postoperative day for 30-50 days because of prevention of graft rejection. RESULTS AND SUMMARY: Table 7 summbrizes the results of our observation. Nineteen of the 25 grafts remained clear. And there was improved vision above 20/200 in ten eyes out of nineteen clear grafts. Table 10 lists the reasons why nine clear grafts did not improve vision. Postoperative complications occurred in fourteen grafts (Table 11). Penetrating corneal grafts for adherent leucoma courneae, staphyloma corneae and corneal scars from alkaline burn were failed to maintaining the clear graft. The donor material, the recipient cornea, graft rejection as a complication and its prevantion were discussed. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: We wish to express our sincere gratitude to an those who have guided in carrying out the present investigation. In particular, We are jndebted to Dr. Bon Sool Koo, Former Chief and Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic Medical College. Dr. Sang Wook Rhee. Chief and Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic Medical College.
Burns ; Cicatrix ; Cornea ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Dexamethasone ; Eye Banks ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Ophthalmology ; Postoperative Complications ; Silk ; Sutures ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*