No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.

The train of four (TOF) stimulation is commonly used in animal research and clinical practice to determine the degree of neuromuscular blockade. It has been suggested that relationship existed between the degree of single, or initial twitch depression and the amount of TOF fade responses within train. Although block produced by all non-depolarising muscle relaxants is associated with fade in response to tetanic or TOF stimulation, recent studies have shown quantitative difference in degree of these fade between various agent. However, more recently, the variability of this relationship with the same neuromuscular blocker during onset and spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular blockade has been demonstrated. And so, the degree of fade may be affect the reliability in assessment of degree of block and recovery of block in comparison to single twitch stimulation. In present study, we has assessed the effect of pancuronium 0.04 mg/kg on the pattern of TOF (T(4) ratio) and first twitch response in the train compared with control twitch (T(1) ratio) and, thereafter, the twitch responses of vecuronium 0.02 mg/kg on recovery period from pancuronium induced neuromuscular blockade in 14 rabbits. The changes in neuromuscular transmission were measured by recording the isometric contraction of the left gastrocnemius muscle evoked by supramaximal stimulation of the tibial nerve. The results were as follows: 1) The effect of pancuronium 0.04 mg/kg was variable, ranging from incomplete (64.3%) to complete (35.7%) neuromuscular block. 2) During the onset of action, there was greater reduction associated with T(1) than T(4), ratio in all cases. The changes of T(1) ratio decreased steadily in all cases, but the changes of T(4) ratio in cases of incomplete neuromuscular blockade was biphasic, showing initial decrease to 77.2+/-8.1% followed by increase to 100% of T(4) rato when T(1) ratio was 4.6+/-3.2%. 3) During the recovery period, T(4) ratio was increased linearly with T(1) ratio which reached 25% when T(4) ratio was approximately 22.5+/-18.8% in cases of complete neuromuscular blockade. In cases of incomplete neuromuscular blockade, T(1) ratio was increased linearly depending on time course, but the change of T(4) ratio was biphasic, showing initial decrease to 28.2+/-16.6% when T(1) ratio was 25%, followed by increased linearly with T(1) ratio. 4) The twitch response during the onset of the action and recovery after vecuronium 0.02 mg/kg on 75% recovery period of pancuronium induced neuromscular blokade was similar to that of pancuronium. The results of this study suggest that the TOF ratio and the depression of the single twitch bear no fixed relationship. The clinical use of TOF using the T(4) ratio only, as a monitor of the degree of block and recovery from non-depolarising block has been useful, but we would recommended that T, ratio of TOF should be considered to evaluated the incomplete neuromuscular block of pancuronium and vecuronium in rabbit.
Animal Experimentation ; Depression ; Isometric Contraction ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pancuronium* ; Rabbits ; Tibial Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide

The purpose of this study was to assess the use of food materials at elementary school in Busan area and provide school meal management with basic data to improvement of guideline. A survey was done by e-mail with a set of questionnaires, which was responeded by 122 dietitians in elementary school foodservice. The results were as follows; Sixty percent of the dietitians though to the general imported food materials had to use. Regarding mean score of using the imported food materials; safety was 2.12/5.00, freshness 2.48/5.00, sanitation 2.68/5.00, nutrition 2.73/5.00, preference 2.93/5.00, external form 3.09/5.00, package 3.12/5.00, and price 3.63/5.00. Thirty seven percent of the dietitians had purchase the pro-environment farm products(PEFPs) and 32.0% of them purchased those products for the students' health. But 52.4% could not purchase to the PEFPs because of expensive price. They had negative opinions about deficient supplying of PEFPs 4.51/5.00, too expensive price 4.34/5.00, and the truth or false in source of PEFPs 3.96/5.00. Most of them perceived that using the PEFPs had to apply the step by step. Among of them, 33.9% had the knowledge of PEFPs, but 16.4 of them did not know to the PEPPs. 57.4% of them hoped to purchase the food materials through a center of supporting school meal servcie(it called non-profit-making organizations).
Busan* ; Electronic Mail ; Hope ; Humans ; Meals ; Nutritionists* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sanitation

No abstract available.
Mucocele*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of fat suppression technique for MR imaging of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight knees of 26 patients were imaged at a 1. 5 T MR system. Sagittal and coronal T2-Weighted spin echo images (SET2) and sagittal fat suppression SET2(FSSE) were obtained in all cases. We used a chemical shift imaging method for fat suppression. We compared FSSE with SET2 in terms of the conspicuity of lesions of menisci, cruciate ligaments, cartilage, bone and soft tissue of the knee. RESULTS: Meniscal lesions were detected on FSSE and SET2 as well. FSSE depicted the lesion more conspicuously in 6 cases. For the depiction of ACL tear, SET2 was superior to FSSE in 5 cases. FSSE was better for the visualization of the normal structure of cartilage and it also depicted the cartilaginous lesions more conspicuously in 3 cases. Though bone bruise could be detected on both techniques, FSSE was better. CONCLUSION: FSSE could provide the improved delineation of menisci, cartilage, bone bruise and other soft tissues except the injuries of anterior cruciate ligament. Although FSSE is a reliable method, it can not replace SET2. It may be used as a complemental method in the imaging of the knee.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Cartilage ; Complement System Proteins ; Contusions ; Humans ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Living Donors*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Living Donors*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the CT criteria useful for the diagnosis of the site of bowel perforation in patients with this or mesenteric injury caused by blunt abdominal trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT findings of 26patients with blunt abdominal trauma were retrospectively analyzed by two observers who were unaware of operative findings, and the results of their analysis were compared with those findings. Twenty cases of bowel perforation found at the jejunum (8), ileum (9), and colon (3), and six cases of mesenteric injuries were confirmed byoperation. We evaluated CT findings of 1) segmental bowel wall thickening, b) focal mesenteric fat infiltration, c) loculated fluid collection and d) extraluminal air adjacent to the bowel, and in addition analyzed the locations of ascites and free air, and the associated injuries of solid organs. RESULTS: The most common finding at the site of bowel perforation was segmental bowel wall thickening (17 cases), followed by focal mesenteric fatinfiltration (12 cases), loculated fluid (12 cases) and extraluminal air ajacent to the bowel (9 cases). Segmental bowel wall thickening was present at 34 sites, and the perforations were confirmed at 17 of these(50%). Focalmesenteric fat infiltration was present at 19 sites ; the perforations were proven at 12(63%). Loculated fluid collections were confirmed at 12/20 sites(60%), and extraluminal air adjacent to the bowel at 9/12(75%). Thepositive predictive value of criteria a, b, d, c) was 100%, and the positive predictive values of a, b, c) and a,d) were 60 and 67%, respectively. We observed ascites in 16 cases and intraperitoneal free air in 8 cases, the locations of ascites and free air did not, however, significantly correlate with the perforation sites. CONCLUSION: Extraluminal air adjacent to the bowel was the most specific criterion, and segmental bowel wall thickening wasthe most sensitive criterion. of all criteria, the finding 'a, b, c, d' most accurately predicted the site ofbowel perforation.
Ascites ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Ileum ; Jejunum ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens*