Seventy-six patients who visited Kang-Nam St. Mary's Hospital with keratoconus from 1982 to 1987 were reviewed retrospectively. At the time of diagnosis, the age-specific prevalence were greatest in the younger groups, with the rate for males being somewhat greater than that for females and the rate of bilateral involvement was greater than that of unilateral involvement. Of 126 eyes with. keratoconus, 76 achieved visual acuity of 0.3 or better with hard contact lens at the time of diagnosis. Thirty-nine received corneal graft and 38(97%) achieved visual acuity of 0.3 or better with correction. Keratoplasty can be delayed or avoided in many keratoconus patients by using contact lens, especially the specially designed lenses. Also keratoconus eyes often need contact lenses after keratoplasty.
Contact Lenses ; Corneal Transplantation ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Keratoconus ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Male ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants ; Visual Acuity

Seventy-six patients who visited Kang-Nam St. Mary's Hospital with keratoconus from 1982 to 1987 were reviewed retrospectively. At the time of diagnosis, the age-specific prevalence were greatest in the younger groups, with the rate for males being somewhat greater than that for females and the rate of bilateral involvement was greater than that of unilateral involvement. Of 126 eyes with. keratoconus, 76 achieved visual acuity of 0.3 or better with hard contact lens at the time of diagnosis. Thirty-nine received corneal graft and 38(97%) achieved visual acuity of 0.3 or better with correction. Keratoplasty can be delayed or avoided in many keratoconus patients by using contact lens, especially the specially designed lenses. Also keratoconus eyes often need contact lenses after keratoplasty.
Contact Lenses ; Corneal Transplantation ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Keratoconus ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Male ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term results and complications of treating the intertrochanteric fracture with bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) in elderly population. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 31 unstable intertrochanteric fracture patients who were treated with BHA between January 2007 and August 2009 in older populations more than 65 years old. The 6 males and 25 females had a mean age of 79.8 years (range: 66-88) and a mean follow-up of 36.3 months (range: 24-55). We analyzed the radiological outcomes, functional recovery grade, using Jensen's social function score and Harris hip score (HHS), and complications. RESULTS: The average operation time and blood loss was 148.9 min (range, 110-215 min) and 455.2 mL (range, 200-1200 mL). Mean preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) was 10.9 g/dL (range, 8.6-13.4 g/dL) and 10.5 g/dL (range, 5.1-14.1 g/dL) respectively. Average 1.3 pints of blood transfusion was performed. Ambulation with (or without) crutch was possible at mean 6.8 days postoperatively. The stability and alignment indices were adequate in all cases at final follow-up. On clinical results, the average HHS score, was changed from 79.7 points (range, 44-100) preoperatively to 73.0 points (range, 46-92) postoperatively, and the preoperative and postoperative Jensen's score was 1.8 (range, 1-3) and 2.1 (range, 1-4) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The BHA is an acceptable alternative for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in older population.
Aged ; Blood Transfusion ; Butylated Hydroxyanisole ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hemoglobins ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Walking

We measured the horizontal and vertical diameter of the cornea, axial length and lens power in 314 patients who were admitted for cataract extraction. The data was analyzed by Minicomputer (honewel level 6 Model 57, U.S.A.) Cobal language. The results were as follows; 1) The average of the horizontal corneal diameter was 11.47 mm in the males and 11.17 mm in the females, and difference of the horizontal corneal diameter was 0.30 mm between both sexes. The average of the vertical corneal diameter was 10.80 mm in the males and 10.48 mm in the females and the difference of the vertical corneal diameter was 0.32 mm between both sexes. The horizontal and vertical corneal diameter in the males was loger than that of the females in adult. 2) The coeneal diameter was longest in the 41~50 years old group in male and 51~60 yaers old group in femele. The horizontal and vertical corneal diameter showed a tendency to decrease with age in adult. 3) We obtained significant changes statistically in that the cornea diameter showed atendency to increase as axial length increased in adult. 4) The corneal diameter was longest in the 15.01~16.00 Diopter group in lens power and the cornea diameter showed a tendency to decrease as lens power increased.
Adult ; Cataract Extraction ; Cornea ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Minicomputers ; Statistics as Topic*

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effects of carpal tunnel release with a mini-open incision by analyzing symptom improvement. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 64 carpal tunnel syndrome patients who underwent carpal tunnel release with mini-open incisions between January 2001 and December 2010. The 22 males and 42 females had a mean age of 49 years and a mean follow-up of 12 months. We analyzed postoperative symptoms using The Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire. RESULTS: Patients reported complete resolution of their symptoms, and some patients who had presented with residual symptoms improved gradually. No complications or scar hypersensitivity were observed. MHQ(Michigan Hand outcomes Questionnaire) scores improved significantly between preoperative and postoperative 6 months and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Carpal tunnel release with mini-open incision provides a clinically effective, reliable and safe procedure.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Male ; Michigan ; Retrospective Studies

Total elbow arthroplasty is a common surgical procedure used in the management of advanced rheumatoid arthritis, posttraumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and unfixable fracture in elderly patients. Total elbow prostheses have evolved over the years and now include the linked, unlinked, and convertible types. However, long-term complications, including infection, aseptic loosening, instability, and periprosthetic fracture, remain a challenge. Here, we introduce each type of implant and evaluate clinical outcomes and complications by reviewing the previous literature.
Aged ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty ; Elbow Prosthesis ; Elbow ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis ; Periprosthetic Fractures ; Reoperation ; Treatment Outcome

Background: Arm swing plays a role in gait by accommodating forward movement through trunk balance. This study evaluates the biomechanical characteristics of arm swing during gait. Methods: The study performed computational musculoskeletal modeling based on motion tracking in 15 participants without musculoskeletal or gait disorder. A three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking system using three Azure Kinect (Microsoft) modules was used to obtain information in the 3D location of shoulder and elbow joints. Computational modeling using AnyBody Modeling System was performed to calculate the joint moment and range of motion (ROM) during arm swing. Results: The mean ROM of the dominant elbow was 29.7°±10.2° and 14.2°±3.2° in flexion–extension and pronation–supination, respectively. The mean joint moment of the dominant elbow was 56.4±12.7 Nm, 25.6±5.2 Nm, and 19.8±4.6 Nm in flexion–extension, rotation, and abduction–adduction, respectively. Conclusions The elbow bears the load created by gravity and muscle contracture in dynamic arm swing movement.

The review article explores recent advances in the surgical treatment of elbow pain, a common ailment that can significantly impair daily functioning. With a surge in elbow-related conditions such as tennis elbow, osteoarthritis, and nerve compression disorders, the necessity for surgical approaches has become paramount. This article provides an overview of the cutting-edge procedures now available, including minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery. These modern methods have been shown to significantly reduce recovery times and improve overall patient outcomes. The combination of surgical management and targeted rehabilitation ensures a comprehensive and personalized treatment plan for patients with various elbow pathologies. This article aims to shed light on these recent surgical interventions and their potential for advancing the management of elbow pain, emphasizing the ongoing trend toward precision, efficiency, and patient-centered care.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to examine the clinical usefulness and efficacy of endoscopic curettage on benign bone tumor. METHODS: Thirty-two patients (20 men and 12 women) with benign bone tumor were included in the study. The patients were aged between five and 76 years; the mean follow-up period was 27.05 months (range, 9.6 to 39.9 months). The primary sites include simple bone cyst (9 cases), fibrous dysplasia (6 cases), enchondroma (5 cases), non-ossifying fibroma (4 cases), bone infarct (3 cases), aneurysmal bone cyst (1 case), chondroblastoma (1 case), osteoblastoma (1 case), intraosseous lipoma (1 case), and Brodie abscess (1 case). A plain radiography was performed to assess the radiological recovery. Radiological outcomes, including local recurrence and bone union, were evaluated as excellent, good, poor, and recurred. RESULTS: In our series, there were 27 cases (84.4%) of good or better outcomes, six cases (18.8%) of complications (4 local recurrence, 1 wound infection, and 1 pathologic fracture). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that endoscopic curettage and bone graft had a lower rate of recurrence and a higher cure rate in cases of benign bone tumor. It can, therefore, be concluded that endoscopic curettage and bone graft might be good treatment modalities for benign bone tumors.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms/radiography/*surgery ; Bone Transplantation/methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Curettage/methods ; Endoscopy/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: A randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel group study was performed to compare the effects of remifentanil and morphine as analgesic drugs on the duration of weaning time from mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: A total of 96 patients with MV in 6 medical and surgical intensive care units were randomly assigned to either, remifentanil (0.1-0.2 mcg/kg/min, n = 49) or morphine (0.8-35 mg/hr, n = 47) from the weaning start. The weaning time was defined as the total ventilation time minus the sum of controlled mode duration. RESULTS: Compared with the morphine group, the remifentanil-based analgesic group showed a tendency of shorter weaning time (mean 143.9 hr, 89.7 hr, respectively: p = 0.069). Secondary outcomes such as total ventilation time, successful weaning rate at the 7th of MV day was similar in both groups. There was also no difference in the mortality rate at the 7th and 28th hospital day. Kaplan-Meyer curve for weaning was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil usage during the weaning phase tended to decrease weaning time compared with morphine usage.
Analgesics ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Morphine* ; Mortality ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Ventilation ; Ventilator Weaning ; Weaning*