The exact incidence of esophagitis in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains poorly understood in Korea. To determine incidence of esophagitis in GERD, from August 1988 to July 1993, endoscopy, esophageal manometry with Bernstein test, and ambulatory 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring were carried out in a group of 349 patients with symptoms of heartburn or noncardiac chest pain. Based on these studies, 151(40%) patients had some degree of GERD and pstients were categorized as having: pathologic reflux, 98 patients; symptomatic reflux, 42 patients; and sensitive mucosal reflux, 11 patients. Among 151 patients with GERD, 27 patients(18%) had some degree of esophagitis. In conclusion, 40% of patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD have GERD. GERD is divided into subgroups; pathologic reflux, symptomatic reflux, and mucosal sensitive reflux. Less than 20% of GERD have esophagitis or esophageal mucosal injury and these low incidence of mucosal injury in Korean may be due to increased esophageal mucosal resistance.
Chest Pain ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Esophagitis* ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Heartburn ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Manometry

Cephalometric measureements have disadvantage of representing cranio-facial structures in two dimension only and therefore they pose limitations in describing three-dimentional structures of cranio-facial region. More interests have been put on the correlation between the two planes. This study evaluated correlations between facial type score, which allows effects on malocclusion, growth change prediction and establishment of treatment method and prognosis, and measurements from submentovertex view. Cephalometric view and submentovertex view were taken of skeletal Class I adults with optimal profile and correlations between them have been observed. Following results were obtained: 1. To learn about factors that influence average condylar angulation, FACE, INT-CO-ANG, MN-CORPUS, CON-RATIO, GON-RATIO, MN-RATIO were used as variables and underwent multiple regression analysis. As a result, the following equation was obtained : CON-AVE=.l73(FACE)-.322(INT-CO-ANG)+36.34(GON-RATIO) +.420(MN-CORPUS) (R2=.85451) 2. The following equation was obtained concerning facial type score. FACE= .050(CON-ANG)+.023(INT-CO-ANG)-.075(MN-CORPUS)(R2=.31547) 3. Among the submentovertex measurements, MN-CORPUS, CON-RATIO, GON-RATIO, MN-RATIO showed close correlations. (P<0.05) 4. Average condylar angualtions were 23.37degrees on the right and 20.71degrees on left. There was a difference between the two. FACE: facial type soore. CON-ANG: mean value of condylar angulation. CON-AVE: mean value of Rt. Lt condylar angulation. INT-CO-ANG: angle between Rt. Lt condylar axis. MN-CORPUS : angle formed between RT. Lt gonion & pogonion. CON-RATIO: lntercondylar distance/mandibular body length. GON-RATIO: intergonion distanoe/mandibular body length. MN-RATIO: lntermylohyoid distance/mandibular body length. MX-RATIO: intermaxillary tuberosity distance/ANS-PNS distance.
Adult ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the association between Sasang constitution and type A/B personality. METHOD: The subjects for this study were 113 Korean adults living in Kangwon Province, the northeastern part of Korea. The data were collected from March 10 to April 13, 2002 using a structured questionnaire. The instrument for this study were QCSS II (Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Clsssification II) by Kim et al.(1996), and the Revised Type A/B personality by Eysenck & Fulker(1983). The data were analyzed through the SPSS 10.0 for Windows program using frequency, percentage, x2-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results of the study are as follows: 1. Of 113 Korean adults, the portion who were Taieum-in, Soeum-in, Soyang-in was 39.8%, 34.5%, 25.7% respectively. 2. For type A/B personality, mixed type was most common, 19.4% of the participants were of type B and 8.0%., type A. 3. For type A/B behavior, mixed type was most common at 47.8% and type A was 2.7%. 4. There were statistically significant differences in the Sasang constitutional type according to BMI (F=14.542, P<.001), and alcohol consumption (F=4.256, P<.018). 5. There were significant difference between type A/B personality and BMI (F=3.592, P<.032). 6. The data shows correlations between BMI and amount smoked per day (r=2.74, P<.004), between BMI and alcohol consumption (r=-.303, P<.008), between BMI and Sasang constitutional type (r= -0.592, P<0.0001), between BMI and type A/B personality (r=285, P<.011), between amount smoked per day and alcohol consumption (r=.-361, P<.001), between alcohol consumption and Sasang constitutional type (r=-.306, P<.019), between perceived health state and type A/A personality (r=.246, P<.011). CONCLUSION: According to the above findings, it can be concluded that further research is need to understand the Sasang constitution for the discipline of Nursing and for nurses to prepare nursing protocols relevant to Sasang constitutional care. Also, Sasang constitution has to be considered in research and practice in the health care delivery system.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Nursing Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke

No abstract available.
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Knee*

Accompanying to the development of the knowledgment of mechanism and pathology of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder, accurate diagnostic tools to detect that pathology have been developed. During the period from May 1990 to May 1992, we treated 28 cases of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Twenty-eight cases were examined with C.T. arthrography before the operation. Among the 28 cases, we identified the Bankart lesion in 20 cases by C.T. arthrography, and in 21 cases intraoperatively. We concluded that the C.T. arthrography is an accurate method for confirming the clinical diagnosis of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder and to be helpful in detecting the Bankart lesion and its severity or pathologic findings.
Arthrography ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Methods ; Pathology ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Echocardiography*

No abstract available.
Angioplasty*

The purpose of this study was the long-term clinical and radiological evaluation of conservatively treated condylar fractures in children. This study was therefore undertaken to analyze the long-term effects of treating condylar fractures in children with conservative therapy in order to resolve the controversial question of whether complete remodeling occurs in this age or, if not, whether it is more likely to be associated with certain types of fracture or with other factors. This study was based on a series of 11 consecutive children and adolescents, aged between 3 and 15 years, with fractures of the condylar process who had been treated with conservative therapy at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Inha University Hospital, Inchon, Korea. All patients underwent a clinical investigation with special emphasis on Temporomandibular joint function and facial asymmetry. The patients also underwent a radiologic investigation, focusing on fracture remodeling and symmetry of mandible. It consists of panoramic radiograph, PA and lateral cephalogram and 3-D CT. No patient described impaired temporomandibular joint(TMJ) function or pain on the affected side. 2 of 8 (25%) unilateral and 1 bilateral fractures show slight facial asymmetry. Despite apparently excellent recovery of function, there were marked remodeling changes evident on the CT scan. Such changes are not usually evident on panoramic radiograph. Radiologic investigation showed incomplete remodelling(54.5%) and asymmetry of the mandible (27.3%) in some patients. Conservative treatment of condyle fracture in children results in satisfactory long-term outcome of jaw function despite a relative high frequency of radiologically noted aberrations.
Adolescent ; Child* ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Incheon ; Jaw ; Korea ; Mandible ; Recovery of Function ; Surgery, Oral ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Each diastereomer of 10-thiophenyl- and 10-benzenesulfonyl-dihydroartemisinin was synthesized from artemisinin in three steps, and screened against chloroquine-resistance and chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum. Three of the four tested compounds were found to be effective. Especially, 10 beta-benzenesulfonyl-dihydroartemisinin showed stronger antimalarial activity than artemisinin.
Animals ; Antimalarials/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Artemisinins/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Chloroquine/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance ; Plasmodium falciparum/*drug effects ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: An incompatibility between the initiator systems of self-curing composite resins and light-curing adhesives was supposed recently. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of activators for self/dual bonding on dentin shear bonding strengths. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty human molars were divided into 5 groups. A flat dentin surface was created for each tooth. A self-curing composite resin (Luxacore) was bonded with the following adhesives (n = 10): One-Step, Prime and Bond NT, AdheSE, Prime and Bond NT and AdheSe were also used in combination with activators. Shear bond strengths were measured after 24 hours of water storage. The specimens were loaded in shear in the Instron until failure at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The dentin adhesive systems in order of decreasing median bond strength were One-Step > Prime & Bond NT with activator, AdheSe with activator > Prime and Bond NT, AdheSe. Among adhesives, One-Step had the highest bond strength. Prime & Bond NT with activator had higher bond strengths than Prime and Bond NT that was used alone, and so was AdheSe. CONCLUSION: Shear bond strengths were increased in Prime and Bond NT and AdheSe when these were used with activators comparing used without activators. But using activators was not effective clinically comparing One-Step.
Adhesives ; Composite Resins ; Dentin ; Humans ; Molar ; Polymethacrylic Acids ; Tooth ; Water