No abstract available.
Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

No abstract available

No abstract available.
Ankle* ; Foot* ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Rectus Abdominis* ; Tibia*

There have been increasing interests of diabetes in the realm of plastic surgery due to problems like foot ulcer as a complication, delayed wound healing or higher failure rates of flap surgery. Main pathology in diabetes is microvascular compromise as well as metabolic derangements. The disturbance in microvascular circulation results in ischemic environments in the body and acts as a main factor that determines the limit of reconstructive or aesthetic plastic surgery. A useful method to overcome such problems is the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which is known to be effective in the treatment of ischemic skin ulcer or osteoradionecrosis. However, there have been few studies on the survival of diabetic random skin flap or the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation directed to increase survival of such flap. In our study, we supposed that the survival of diabetic random skin flap was diminished owing to compromised microvascular pathology and blood rheology, and metabolic derangements, so we hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygen therapy has both reversible and irreversible effects on the survival of ischemic random skin flap in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Increase of local transcutaneous oxygen concentration, O2 affinity in blood and dysmorphogenesis of red blood cells are reversible and relatively short-term effects and promotion of neoangiogenesis is irreversible or long-term effects. We intended to confirm that hyperbaric rats and to compare the effects between preoperative and postoperative hyperbaric oxygenation on the survival of such flap. And we expect the additional effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on metabolism in diabetic rat, such as lowering the blood glucose level and solving the arrested weight gain. We divided Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats into three groups: the first was non-treatment diabetic group, the second was preoperative hyperbaric oxygen treated diabetic group(100% O2, 2 atm, 90min, 15sessions, twice a day), and the third was postoperative hyperbaric oxygen treated group(100% O2, 2atm, 90min, 15sessions, twice a day). After elevation of random skin flap on dorsum of diabetic rats, we evaluated the extent of flap survival by measuring the necrotic areas at 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 13th postoperative days. At that time, we intended to evaluate both effects on flap survival by preoperative and postoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy. As a result, flap survival of non-treated diabetic group was 41% at 13th postoperative days. In diabetic groups with preoperative and postoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy, flap survival were increased to 64.6% and 62.4% respectively. Diabetic groups with hyperbaric oxygen therapy have a tendency of meaningful decrement in blood glucose level. However, there were no meaningful differences between preoperative and postoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has no effective correlations with body weight changes. We conclude that hyperbaric oxygen therapy has some useful effects on the survival of diabetic random skin flap.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight Changes ; Erythrocytes ; Foot Ulcer ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Metabolism ; Osteoradionecrosis ; Oxygen ; Pathology ; Rats* ; Rheology ; Skin Ulcer ; Skin* ; Surgery, Plastic ; Weight Gain ; Wound Healing

No abstract available.
Dental Arch* ; Humans

Ischemia and reperfusion of skeletal muscle occurs in acute vascular occlusion and revascularization, in elective vascular surgery, in upper and lower extremity surgery by means of a tourniquet, and in free transplantation of muscle containing cutaneous flaps. During revascularization of skeletal muscle after ischemia, lipid mediators, mainly eicosanoids are released that may have a role in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury. The exact role of eicosanoids in the imposed ischemia-reperfusion induced functional deficits in skeletal muscle is still unknown, we compared tissue edema and the changes of eicosanoids and the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin in the rat right hindlimb by application of tourniquet ischemia-reperfusionn injury. After 4-hours of ischemia, reperfusion was established 4 hours by releasing tourniquet. Experimental groups comparised ischemia-reperfused animals pretreated with indomethacin 20 mg/kg. The control animals received normal saline, 4 hours of ischemia without reperfusion. To assess tissue edema, wet/dry weight ratios were determined and the concentrations of prostaglandins and thromboxane were measured by the high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector at 195 nm. Ischemia itself did not result in muscle edema and did not increase the release of cyclooxygenase metabolites, but muscle edema(52%, p<0.01), and the relase of 6-keto-PGFalpha(151%, p<0.01), thromboxane B2(98%, p<0.05), and PGE2(127%, p<0.01) were significantly increased by reperfusion. Indomethacin treatment ameliorated limb edema(35%, p<0.05 versus ischemis-reperfusion control) and decreased 6-keto-PGF1alpha(65%, p<0.05) releases. These results support view that cyclooxygenase products may play significant roles in the formation of ischemic muscle edema and suggest that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and eicosanoids antagonists might be beneficial to the management of acute limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Edema* ; Eicosanoids* ; Extremities ; Hindlimb ; Indomethacin ; Ischemia* ; Lower Extremity ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Prostaglandins ; Rats* ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Tourniquets

No abstract available.

Variation in the facial pattern and effect of the rotational jaw growth on the facial proportion were studied in serial cephalometric radiographs of 40 Korean children (35 boys, 15 girls) ranging in age from 6 to 13 years. According to Y-axis (N-S-Gn) growth change during the 7 years of period, the subject who had exhibited "wave-like" manner of Y-axis growth change within +/- 2degrees was classified to the Parallelwise group and the subject who had exhibited Y-axis increase more than +/- 2degrees was classified to the Clockwise rotation group and the subject who had exhibited Y-axis decrease more than -2degrees was classified to the Counterlockwise rotation group. For the comparison of each group, a total of 22 morphologic variables were employed and the data were analyzed by means of computer morphometrics and statistical methods. On the basis of the finding of this study, the following trends were eatablished: 1. The Parallelwise group was 75%, the Clockwise rotation group was 12.5% and the Counterclockwise rotation group was 12.5%. 2. The growth pattern of cranial base was related to the rotation of mandible. 3. Maxillary prognathism was occured in the Counterclockwise rotation group and the rotation of palatal plane was occured in the Clockwise rotation group. 4. Mandibular prognathism was occured in the Parallelwise and the Counterclockwise rotation groups, especially in the Counterclockwise rotation group. 5. The degree of maxillo-mandibular divergency was constant in the Clockwise rotation group but decreased in the Counterclockwise rotation and the Parallelwise groups, especially in the Counterclockwise group. 6. There were no differences in the size of the anterior upper facial height (N-ANS) and the posterior lower facial height ((Go-Me)-PNS) but there were differences in the size of the anterior lower facial height (ANS-Me) and the posterior upper facial height ((S-N)-PNS) between each group. 7. The growth increment and the size of the facial gepth was not relater to the growth pattern of the face but the growth increment and the size of the facial height was related to the growth pattern of the face. 8. Proportional change due to the facial growth rotation was concentrated in the anterior lower face. 9. The most apparent difference between each group was happened in the size of the posterior cranial base (S-Ba) and the facial length (S-Gn).
Child ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Prognathism ; Skull Base

The size and configuration of the lumbar spinal canal constitute one of the important factors in the production of symptoms referable to cauda equina and nerve roots of the lumbar spine and the narrowness of the spinal canal. Numerous attempts have been made to measure the size of the lumbar spinal canal, but most of those are not sufficient to measure the oblique diameter of the lumbar spinal canal. Also, echographic diagnosis is much simple, safe, less expensive and non-invasive and furthermore demonstrates much more accuracy than other alternative and radiographic procedures. The purpose of this study is to establish the range of normal values of the oblique diameter of the lumbar spinal canal in Korean Army-aged group by echographic method in the interest of facilitating clinical evaluation of the lumbar spinal canal stenosis. The author measured oblique diamenter of the lumbar spinal canal in thirty healthy persons of both sexes of ages between nineteen and twenty-five years by ultrasound using sonolayergraphy model SSL-21A. Distance from the ligamentum flavum to the posterior longitudinal ligament was measured in millimeters with dial vernier caliper. Actual distance of oblique diameter of the lumbar spinal canal is obtained by multiplication of the distance of echogram by calibration factor 2.22. The results were as follows; 1. The mean values of the oblique diameter of the lumbar spinal canal in male and female between nineteen and twenty-five years of age were 14.77±0.85mm and 14.87±0.82mm in Ll, 13.99±0.87mm and 14.13±0.96mm in L2, 13.40±0.69mm and 13.71±0.75mm in L3, 12.88±0.69mm and 12.93±0.68mm in L4, 14.58±0.79mm and 14.42±0.84mm in L5 respectively. 2. The oblique diameter of the lumbar spinal canal was the widest at the first lumbar vertebra, the next at the fifth lumbar vertebra and the narrowest at the fourth lumbar vertebra. 3. There was no difference of diameter of the lumbar spinal canal between both sexes.
Calibration ; Cauda Equina ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Ligamentum Flavum ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Male ; Methods ; Reference Values ; Spinal Canal ; Spine ; Ultrasonography

5 bed sand filter, applying biological oxidation, was designed and studied on the treatment of water works. Never using any coagulant agent (drugs), which may cause water pollution in pre-treatment of head water, the author attempt a high rate filtration by the microorganism (nitrofication bacteria) end plant which populate in multi layer sand beds. The result are as follows ; In order to evaluate the oxygen effect on filtration, oxygen was injected in aeration tank attached to each filter tank while filtration, and NH3 was tested as a representative ingredient. It was found out that the aeration method was more effective, with over 33% of NH3 removal capacity, than the anerobic and this 5 bed filter showed double removal capacity of NH3 by comparing with conventional sand bed (2 stage bed). According to the examination of two kind of head water, pre-treated with coagulant agent and activated carben, the filtration capacity was affected by the polluted condition of head water, resulting that lower value of pollution and slower velocity of filtration showed more efficiency of NH3 removal. In this experiment NH3 content tested in treated water had a fairly good correlation with others.
Filtration ; Head ; Oxygen ; Plants ; Silicon Dioxide ; Water Pollution ; Water*