No abstract available.
Cleft Lip*

This study was conducted to determine the correlation between weighted needle pinprick sensory threshold(PPT) and sensory nerve conduction tests. The subjects were 53 healthy controls, 31 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathic symptoms(DM) and 36 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathic symptoms(DN). PPT was measured on the index and little fingers, bilaterally, as well as under the lateral malleolus, bilaterally. In electrophysiologic assessment the left and right median, ulnar and sural nerves were studied. Each mean PPTs was high in order of controls, DM and DN. Age adjusted PPT was significantly different among three groups on right little finger(p<0.05) and left malleolus(p<(0.05), but not significantly different between DN and DM on other sites. Each sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude was statistically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Correlations of PPT with sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude were statistically significant on each site and ranged from -0.4203(left malleolus) to -0.5649(right index finger) and from -0.3897(left index finger) to -0.6200(right index finger), respectively. When electrophysiological study is not feasible, measurement of PPT may be helpful for the assessment of peripheral sensory neurological function.
Fingers ; Humans ; Needles* ; Neural Conduction* ; Sensory Thresholds* ; Sural Nerve

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate possible menopause related changes in circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels and their relationship with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plasma levels, osteocalcin(Ost) and urinary deoxypyridinoline(Dpd) in either surgical menopause or natural menopause, METHOD: Seventy-two postmenopausal women (surgical menopause 48, natural menopause 24) were invited to participate in this study. In all subjects plasma IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were measSURED by radioimmunoassay and Ost and Dpd were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). RESULTS: No difference was found between mean IGFBP-3 plasma levels in the two groups studied(3,522 +/- 926 vs 3,854 +/- 569 ng/ml), while mean IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in natural menopause as compared with surgical menopause (natural 126 +/- 44 vs surgical 163 +/- 66 ng/ml, p=0.007). No difference was found between mean Ost levels in the two groups studied (natural menopause 8.0 +/- 2.9 vs surgical menopause 8,9 +/- 2.1 ng/ml, p=0.113) and mean Dpd levels in the two studied (natural menopause 6.8 +/- 2.3 vs surgical menopause 7.8 +/- 3.4 mM, p=0.213). CONCLUSION: IGF-1 was significantly lower in natural menopause as compared with surgical menopause, but no significant difference was found in IGFBP-3, Ost, and Dpd levels
Biomarkers* ; Carrier Proteins* ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Menopause* ; Osteocalcin* ; Plasma ; Radioimmunoassay

Deformities of the leg and ankle may result from growth abnormalities of the tibia and fibula. The appearance of the secondary ossification center and growth plate closure of the tibial and fibular epiphyses, and the pattern of closure of the epiphyses, were observed in a different age. Normal radiographs were reviewed in one hundred and fifty patients at age from two days after birth to 20 years, who were injured on the contralateral leg, at Wonju Medical College, Yonsei University from Feb., 1980 to May, 1984. The results were as follows: 1. The time of the appearance of secondary ossification center and the closure of growth plates; The proximal tibial epiphysis usually forms secondary ossification center at birth to second postnatal months, the physeal closure occurs from 13 year and 11 months to 18 year 3 months in male, from 13 year 4 months to 15 year 5 months in female. The secondary ossification center of the distal tibial epiphysis appears from 8th postnatal months to one year, and physeal closure occurs from 15 years to 17 year and 4 months in male, from 15 year 2 months to 16 year 8 months in female. The secondary ossification center of the tibial tuberosity appears from 9 year 3month to 12 year 2 months, and closure occurs from 16 year 3 months to 18 year 7 months inmale, from 14 year 10 months to 19 year 1 months in female. The proximal fibular epiphysis forms secondary ossification center from 2 year 5 months to 5 year 4 months, closure occurs from 15year 8 months to 17 year 4 months in male, from 14 year 9 months to 16 year 9 months in female. The secondary ossification center of the distal fibular epiphysis appears from 2 year 5 months to 3rd years, and closure occurs from 13 year 11 months to 17 year 6 months in male, from 13 year 4 months to 16 year 7 months in female. 2. The growth and the pattern of the closure of growth plates of the tibia; The proximal tibial epiphysis is elliptic for the first 3 years of life. The epiphysis is slightly conical centrally as it extends toward the tibial spines, and becomes more prominent from 8 years to adolescence. The closure of the proximal tibial growth plate occurs initially along the anteromedial aspect of the tibia and tibial tuberosity during 12 years and proceeds posterolaterally. Complete closure of the proximal tibial physis occurs about from 13 years to 18 years. The secondary ossification center of the distal tibial epiphysis is oval in shape initially, becomes thicken medially by 3rd year of life, then the tibial plafond is valgoid, and becomes horizontal at age 10 approximately. The distal epiphysis of tibia unites first at about 13 years, starting centrally and proceeding toward anteromedial portion. And the posterolateral portion unites finally by about 15 to 17 years. The tibial tuberosity develops a secondary ossification center by 7 to 9 years, usually in the most distal region, and gradually elongates and extends toward the secondary ossification center of the proximal tibia.From about 12 years, the tuberosity epiphyseal center fuses with the proximal tibial center, and the fusion with the tibial metaphysis extends distally, the tuberosity physis closes completely from about 15 to 19 years. 3. The growth and development of the tibia, fibula and ankle; The growth of the proximal tibial and the distal fibular epiphyses play an important role of the growth rate in lower extremities unber ten years. The distal tibial growth plate inclines laterally and distally prior to the first year of life, the inclination is on the decrease and it finally horizontal at about 12 years. The distal tibia talus angle is about 90° prior to the age one year, becomes mildly valgoid by 12 years.
Adolescent ; Ankle ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Fibula ; Gangwon-do ; Growth and Development ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Parturition ; Spine ; Talus ; Tibia

BACKGROUND: Chemokines are molecules with chemotatic activities on selective leukocyte populations and are sub-grouped into alpha-chemokine acting primarily on PMNL (polymorphonuclear leukocyte) and beta-chemokines attracting mainly lymphocytes and monocytes. We conducted a prospective study to investigate the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha in patients with acute ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS: Serum was sampled from patients with acute ischemic stroke (<24hrs), with persistent ischemic neurological deficits associated with atherosclerosis (>1 month), and from normal subjects without a history of vascular disease. Concentrations of chemokines were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ). RESULTS: Compared with carotid atherosclerotic patients and control subjects, the serum levels of IL-8 were significantly elevated in those with acute ischemic stroke. The serum levels of MCP-1 in patients with large artery disease were higher than those in patients with small vessel disease and cardioembolism. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that IL-8 can be involved in acute ischemic stroke and MCP-1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Arteries ; Atherosclerosis* ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Chemokine CCL2* ; Chemokines ; Chemokines, CC ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-8* ; Interleukins ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins* ; Macrophages* ; Monocytes* ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke* ; Vascular Diseases

BACKGROUND: The somatosensory evoked blink reflex(SBR) is a newly reported blink reflex elicited by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. Although it has been thought that SBR is a release phenomenon transmitted via brainstem reticular formation, the actual pathophysiological mechanism still remains unknown. In this study we investigated the correlation between the somatosensory evoked blink reflex and specific type of diseases where it was well documented. METHODS: SBR was examined on 118 patients, having various neurologic diseases; 39 cases with hemifacial spasm, 26 cases with parkinson's disease, 12 cases with dystonia, 19 cases with stroke, 17 cases with peripheral neuropathy, and 5 cases with other diseases. Somatosensory evoked blink reflex can be obtained by electrical stimuli on median nerves. Latency and amplitude of the SBR was measured by inspection of superimposed responses. RESULTS: Among the 118 patients, SBR was presented in 23 patients. The somatosensory evoked blink reflex was seen most often in hemifacial spasm, parkinson's disease and dystonia. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the somatosensory evoked blink reflex was not usually elicitable but it was relatively well presented in specific diseases which were known to have increased excitability of the blink reflex pathway.
Blinking* ; Brain Stem ; Dystonia ; Electric Stimulation ; Hemifacial Spasm ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Parkinson Disease ; Peripheral Nerves ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Reticular Formation ; Stroke

With the development of spinal fusion and internal fixation, rehabilitation mediclne, urinary control and antibiotics, the outlook for patients with cervical spine injuries has brightened considerably, as compared with half a century ago. However, splnal cord injury still remains as one of the most devastating accidents that man can Incur and still survive. There is increasing tendency to stabllize unstable cervical spine injuries surglcally for the benefit of early mobilization,.early rehabilitation, easy nursing care, and rigid stability of the spine. A clinical study was performed on 72 patients with 76 fractures and fracture-dislocatlons of the cervical spine, who were hospitalized and treated at Severance Hospital during the period between January 1970 and December 1978 and the following results were obtained. 1. The prevalent age distribution was between 30 and 50 years of age (59.7%), and the ratio between males and females was 5:1. The most common cause of injury was falling from a height (51.4%). 2. In overall patients, neurologic damage was found at first examination in 69.4%, and among these, complete paralysis below the injured level In 41.7%, incomplete paralysis in 25%, and nerve root injury in 2.7%. 3. The mechanisms of injury included flexion-rotation (50%), extension-distraction (18%), flexion-compression (12.5%), pure flexion (5.5%), axial compression (5.5%), and unclassified (8.3%). 4. Among 72 patients, emergency decompressive laminectomy was performed on 10 patients, anterior interbody fusion on 15 patients, posterior fusion with wiring on 3 patients and the rest of patients were treated conservatively. 5. There was no significant difference in the recovery of neurologic loss between conservatively and surgically treated patients, but it was thought better to stabilize the unstable fracture-dislocations surgically for early mobilization and rehabllitatlon.
Accidental Falls ; Age Distribution ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Clinical Study ; Early Ambulation ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Male ; Nursing Care ; Paralysis ; Rehabilitation ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine

Since after first report of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 1977, improved operator technique and advanced equipment designs have resulted in an increase in primary success rate from 67% to 92% in recent days. Despite these improvement, acute closure and restenosis remain as serious limitations to both the short and long-term success of PTCA. Coronary artery stents have been proposed as a method of treating acute closure and preventing restenosis. We implanted 21 balloon expandable Palmaz-Schatz Stent in selected 21 Patients(mean age 62+/-8 years, M/F : 16/5) with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The indications were elective stenting in 17, acute dissection postangioplasty in 2 and restenosis following angioplasty in 2. The clinical diagnosis of the subjects was unstable angina in 12 pts(57%), stable angina in 1, and post infarction angina in 8 including 6 acute myocardial infarction. The target vessel was right coronary artery In 12(57%), left anterior descending artery in 6(29%) and left circumflex in 3(14%). The size of implanted stent was 3mm in 15, 3.5mm in 5 and 4.0mm in 1. The morphology of attempted lesion was AHA/ACC classification type A in 1, type B in 17(B1 ; 1, B2 ; 16) and type C in 3. Angiographic findings were 1-vessel disease in 16 patients, 2-vessel disease in 4 and 3-vessel disease in 1. Coronary artery stenting wast technically successful in 21 all patients(100%) and complications included subacute total occlusion 1 week after stenting in 1, which was recanalized successfully by repeat PTCA without myocardial infarction, prolonged sinus arrest after stenting due to microembolism in 1 and puncture site bleeding requiring transfusion in 1. CONCLUSION: Coronary artery stenting was a safe and effective procedure to obtain adequate coronary blood flow in selected patients but long-term efficacy of primary elective coronary stenting should be evaluated prospectively.
Angina, Stable ; Angina, Unstable ; Angioplasty ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Arteries ; Classification ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis ; Equipment Design ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction ; Punctures ; Stents

Since after first report of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 1977, improved operator technique and advanced equipment designs have resulted in an increase in primary success rate from 67% to 92% in recent days. Despite these improvement, acute closure and restenosis remain as serious limitations to both the short and long-term success of PTCA. Coronary artery stents have been proposed as a method of treating acute closure and preventing restenosis. We implanted 21 balloon expandable Palmaz-Schatz Stent in selected 21 Patients(mean age 62+/-8 years, M/F : 16/5) with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The indications were elective stenting in 17, acute dissection postangioplasty in 2 and restenosis following angioplasty in 2. The clinical diagnosis of the subjects was unstable angina in 12 pts(57%), stable angina in 1, and post infarction angina in 8 including 6 acute myocardial infarction. The target vessel was right coronary artery In 12(57%), left anterior descending artery in 6(29%) and left circumflex in 3(14%). The size of implanted stent was 3mm in 15, 3.5mm in 5 and 4.0mm in 1. The morphology of attempted lesion was AHA/ACC classification type A in 1, type B in 17(B1 ; 1, B2 ; 16) and type C in 3. Angiographic findings were 1-vessel disease in 16 patients, 2-vessel disease in 4 and 3-vessel disease in 1. Coronary artery stenting wast technically successful in 21 all patients(100%) and complications included subacute total occlusion 1 week after stenting in 1, which was recanalized successfully by repeat PTCA without myocardial infarction, prolonged sinus arrest after stenting due to microembolism in 1 and puncture site bleeding requiring transfusion in 1. CONCLUSION: Coronary artery stenting was a safe and effective procedure to obtain adequate coronary blood flow in selected patients but long-term efficacy of primary elective coronary stenting should be evaluated prospectively.
Angina, Stable ; Angina, Unstable ; Angioplasty ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Arteries ; Classification ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis ; Equipment Design ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction ; Punctures ; Stents

A clinical trial was done to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and side effects of manidipine, a new calcium antagonist, in 30 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. 1) The study patients consisted of 19 men and 11 women, and the mean age was 51.8 years. 2) Blood pressure dropped significantly in 2 weeks and in 4 weeks, and well maintained throughout the study period. The mean-pressure drop was 26.2/14.9mmHg after 10 weeks. 3) Heart rate did not change significantly with manidipine therpy. 4) Optimal dose for effective pressure-drop was between 10 and 20 mg in 86% of patients. Overall good antihypertensive effect was achieved in 83% of patients. 5) All of the laboratory parameters including blood chemistry, glucose, lipid and electrolytes did not change, but serum calcium increased from 9.2% mg/dl (p=0.001) in 10 weeks. 6) Side effects were mild in nature(palpitation in 3, dry mouth in 1, weakness in 1 and impotence in 1 patient). In conclusion, manidipine monotherapy with 10 to 20 mg once a day regimen is effective and well tolerated in the patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Chemistry ; Electrolytes ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Female ; Glucose ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Mouth