No abstract available.
Arachidonic Acid* ; Ear, Middle* ; Humans* ; Otitis Media with Effusion*

The present work was to observe the wormicidal effects of the external mucous substance of Carassius carassius and Pseudorasbora parva on cercaria, metacercaria (liberating) and adult of Clonorchis sinensis. The mucous substance which was extracted by ether was separated into various spots on the silica gel thin layer chromatography and separated into various fractions in the silica gel column chromatography, using petroleum ether(30 percent) and chloroform(70 percent) as solvent. R(f) 0.952 value of the silica gel thin layer chromatography and the first fraction (reddish yellow) frorn the silica gel column chromatography of the ether extracts from C. carassius had the wormicidal effect on all of the developing stages of C. sinensis. Cercaria was killed within 14 minutes, metacercaria within 27 minutes and adult 2.5 hours by the first fraction. But in the normal saline solution (control) and in the other fraction, cercaria and metacercaria were alive more than 24 hours and adult more than 72 hours. The extracts from the mucous substance of P. parva that is well penetrated by cercaria had no wormicidal effect on them.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; clonorchiasis-Clnorchis sinensis ; metacercaria ; Carassius carassius ; Pseudorasbora parva ; mucous substance ; chromatography

As a series of systematic classification of paramphistomes, in the first step, paramphistomes in the rumen and reticulum were collected on 170 Korean cattles (2-3 years age, male) slaughtered at Jeonju abattoir from July 1984 to September 1985 and were classified by means of morphology of the worms. Afterwards, the karyotype of Paramphistomum explanatum (Creplin, 1849) which is the common in Korean cattle was detected by means of modified air-drying method from testis cells of the worm. The following is a brief summary of the leading facts gained through the experiment. Most of the cattle slaughtered at the abattoir were infected with paramphistomes. The 5 species of the worms were detected on 170 Korean cattle and the worm burden per head was from 2 to 784 (on the average 170) worms, 120(70.59 percent) heads out of them involving 2-100 worms. In 28,900 individuals of paramphistomes obtained on 170 Korean cattle, appearance rates of various worms were as follows : 49.74 percent in P. explanatum, 48.08 percent in P. cervi, 0.98 percent in Orthocoelium orthocoelium, 0.89 percent in Fischoederius cobboldi and 0.14 percent in Cotylophoron cotylophorum. The chromosome number of 620 P. explanatum in the haploid and diploid cells was n=9 and 2n=18, and abundant cells in meiotic division were observed; 1,420 haploid and 38 diploid cells were reliable. Nine pairs of mitotic chromosomes were homologous and the chromosomes were composed of five medium-sized metacentrics (m), subtelocentrics (st) or submetacentrics (sm)and four small-sized subtelocentrics (st) or submetacentrics (sm), while meiotic metaphase chromosomes were composed of five medium and four small-sized. The haploid of the testis cells showed C-band in the centromeric region from 8 of them, whereas the remaining chromosome No. 5 included heterochromatin on the tip region, and chromosomes No. 3 and No. 7 showed a remarkable C-band distinguished from other chromosomes.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; karyotype ; chromosome ; Paramphistomum explanatum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; Orthocoelium orthocoelium ; Fischoederius cobboldi ; Cotylophoron cotylophorum

Diplozoon nipponicum, a monogenean trematode from Cyprinus carpio was described according to the characteristic findings of X-form adult, metrical data, and presence of a pair of sticky glands. It is the first record of the presence of Diplozoon nipponicum in Korea.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; case report ; Diplozoon nipponicum ; Cyprinus carpio

OBJECTIVE: To show the value of rotating chair test (ROT) as an adjunct to the conventional electronystagmography (ENG) examination including caloric test for the diagnosis of vestibular lesions. BACKGROUND: Since caloric stimulatim is regarded as a very low frequency (0. 003Hz) test, it is desirable to test the function of horizontal semicircula canals by stimulating with faster frequencies. Baloh et al. (1984a) described that lesions ofdifferentiated by ROT. Leigh and Zee(1991) told that ROT can give more accurate and reproducible results than do caloric tests. METHOD: 30 patients who suffered from vertigo with either peripheral or central pathology were given computerized ENG and ROT. We discuss the representative examples of our initial experience with ROT. RESULTS: 1.In eight patients with known peripheral pathology, low-frequency phase deficits, asymmetry toward the lesim side and VOR suppression by gazefixation were seen during ROT. With bilateral peripheral vetibular disease, the ROT could identify remaining vestibular function at higher frequencies. 2. Seven patients with lesions of central vestibular structure showed abnormalities of saccades and pursuit during ENG and failure of VOR suppression by gaze fixation during ROT. 3. Out of 15 patients whose lesions could not be localized distinctly after caloric test, four patients were suggested to have central pathology. CONCLUSION: ROT can be a useful method to study the vestibular abnonnahties and an adjunct to the conventional ENG test.
Caloric Tests ; Diagnosis ; Electronystagmography ; Humans ; Pathology ; Saccades ; Vertigo* ; Vestibular Function Tests

Trachelobdella sinensis was found in Cyprinus carpio nudus. The morphological chararacteristics were described. It is the first record of Trachelobdella sinensis in Korea(summarized from text).
parasitology ; Annelida ; Trachelobdella sinensis ; Cyprinus carpio nudus ; case report

In order to know relationship between the clavate cells of epidermis and infectivity of metacercariae of C. sinensis. histological investigation of epidermis was carried out on the 26 species of fresh-water fish collected from the main rivers in Korea. Results were summarized as it follows: In general clavate cell had a single nucleus at its center. However it was observed in Liobagrus mediadiposalis and Pelteobagrus fuluidraco that clavate cell had two nuclei with and independent so-called light halo of Oxner and in some cases had none of them. In following species; Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Cobitis taenia, Liobagrus mediadiposalis, Pelteobagrus fuluidraco, Parasilurus asotus and Anguilla japonica, scales were not detected or buried in the dermis layer, and the epidermis was mostly consisted of clavate cells. Among these species, it was observed that no metacercariae were found. In case of Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius (crusian carp and golden crusian carp), Sarcocheilichthys czerskii, Pungtungia herzi and Coreoleuciscus splendius, scales were exposed over the epidermis, in which clavate cells were abundantly found. In these species, a few of the metacercariae were detected. On the other hand, no clavate cells were observed in Pseudorasbora parva , Zacco platypus, Microphysogobio koreensis, Gnathopogon majimae, Gnathopogon coreanus, Acheilognathus signifer, Acheilognathus yamatsutae, Cultriculus eigenmanni, Coreoperca herzi, Pseudoperilampus uyekii, Pseudoperilampus notatus and Pseudogobio esocinus. These fishes with exposed scales on the epidermis were well known to serve as the second intermediate hosts of C. sinensis. From the above results obtained, it was suggested that the existance of clavate cells in the epidermis of the fresh-water fish seems to be correlated with the infectivity of the metacercariae of C. sinensis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda-Clonorchis sinensis ; host ; Liobagrus mediadiposalis ; Pelteobagrus fuluidraco ; Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ; Cobitis taenia ; Liobagrus mediadiposalis ; Pelteobagrus fuluidraco ; Parasilurus asotus ; Anguilla japonica ; Cyprinus carpio ; Carassius carassius ; Sarcocheilichthys czerskii ; Pungtungia herzi ; Coreoleuciscus splendius ; Pseudorasbora parva ; Zacco platypus ; Microphysogobio koreensis ; Gnathopogon majimae ; Gnathopogon coreanus ; Acheilognathus signifer ; Acheilognathus yamatsutae, Cultriculus eigenmanni ; Coreoperca herzi ; Pseudoperilampus uyekii ; Pseudoperilampus notatus ; Pseudogobio esocinu

Eight 2-day-old SPF chickens were each inoculated orally with a single dose of 5+O105 oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses were chronologically measured by indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay. Anti-C. baileyi IgG antibody levels remained high(1:106.67 to 1:512.00) for at least 4 months with 330 days of a detectable period. Ten days after the negative conversion, each chicken was re-challenged with 1+O107 oocysts of the same species. Subsequent infection in 340-day-old individuals caused sudden elevated IgG antibody levels and the titer peaked on day 28 postchallenge inoculation(PCI), at 1:1,024 with a 65 days of detection period. Chickens in primary infection showed oocyst shedding profiles, but did not exhibit any oocyst shedding before or after experimental reinfection.
parasitology-protozoa ; Cryptosporidium baileyi ; chicken ; IgG ; immunology

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are caloric test, SCEP, DP in Step velocity and VOR asymmetry in SHA test as parameters for evaluation in unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy in parameter of vestibular function test. The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between these parameters and intensity of spontaneous nystagmus in vestibular neuritis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We evaluated 75 patients who were diagnosed as vestibular neuritis with 3 degree spontaneous nystagmus at vestibular function test lab from January 2000 to July 2005 in Dankook university hospital. The correlations between direction and intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and monothermal caloric test, SCEP and DP in step velocity, VOR asymmetry (0.01, 0.04, 0.16 Hz) in SHA test were analysed. And correlations according to sex, age were also analysed. RESULTS: The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and monothermal caloric test was 0.60. The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and SCEP was 0.35. The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and Tc DP was 0.36 and it showed no significant correlation. The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and VOR asymmetry (0.01, 0.04, 0.16) was 0.57, 0.46, 0.51, respectively and there was higher correlation in man, age under 60. CONCLUSION: Intensity of spontaneous nystagmus showed close relations to monothermal caloric test, VOR asymmetry of SHA, Tc DP, SCEP DP in sequence. In addition, young male patients tends to be closely related to intensity of spontaneous nystagmus.
Caloric Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Vestibular Function Tests* ; Vestibular Neuronitis*

Fascioliasis in cattle is one of the most common and very serious trematode diseases in Korea. In the present study, the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied in the diagnosis of fascioliasis using antigen of Fasciola hepatica, peroxidase of conjugate anti-cattle IgG and orthophenylenediamine as a substrate by micro-method technique of Voller et al. (1976b) and MacLaren (1978) with a slight modification. Results obtained from the present study are as follows: In assay for optimal dilution of stock antigen, the antigen (protein contents; 0.8 mg/ml) was diluted from 1/50 to 1/600 with carbonate buffer (pH 9.6), and then absorbance values were measured with 1/100 diluted sera. The regression equations between the OD values of ELISA and dilution of antigen were log Y=-0.181-0.00127X in infected sera, and log Y= -0.578- 0.000879X in normal sera. The significantly higher (p<0.05) OD value was observed in the former. In assay for optimal dilution of sera, the sera were diluted from 1/25 to 1/400 with in PBS/ Tween 20(pH 7.4), and absorbance values were measured with 1/200 diluted antigen. The regression equation between the OD values of ELISA and dilution of sera were log Y=-0.1540-0.0007238X in infected sera and log Y=-0.4834-0.00116X in normal sera. The former was higher than the latter (p<0.05). In the 27 cases of negative intradermal test, OD values of the ELISA are 0.447 +/- 0.144, the 95 percent confidence interval (Mean+2 x SD) of the values was 0.735, and there was no case over the values. Therefore, the sensitivity of the antigen to diagnose fascioliasis was 100 percent in the negative case. The OD value 0.7 which is designed as a criterion (detection level of positive one) is useful for the performance of the ELISA in fascioliasis. According to the OD value of criterion in the regression equations, the optimal dilutions of stock antigen and serum were 1/250 and 1/100, respectively. In the 58 cases of fascioliasis from which the adult could be found in the bile ducts, the OD value was 0.846+0.224(-0.224). The 75 percent (44 cattle) among them had higher value with compared to the criterion, and the 60 percent (20 cattle) of the cases of proliferative cholangitis of 33 cattle which had been infected previousely with Fasciola sp. is higher than the criterion. Prevalence of fascioliasis was 43.4 percent in the application of the ELISA to 272 cattle which were reared in Jeonbug district.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Fasciola sp. ; fascioliasis ; cattle